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         Gerard Of Cremona:     more detail
  1. Gerard of Cremona's Translation of the Commentary of Al-Nayrizi on Book I of Euclid's Elements of Geometry: With an Introductory Account of the Twenty-Two ... and Medieval Texts and Contexts, 2) by Anaritius, Gherardo, et all 2003-10
  2. Gerard of Cremona: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i> by Judson Knight, 2001
  3. Arabic-latin Translators: Herman of Carinthia, Robert of Ketton, Adelard of Bath, Gerard of Cremona, Michael Scot, Arnaldus de Villa Nova
  4. Gerard of Cremona
  5. 1187 Deaths; Pope Gregory Viii, Pope Urban Iii, Raynald of Châtillon, Gilbert Foliot, Raymond Iii of Tripoli, Gerard of Cremona, Ruben Iii
  6. People From Cremona: Claudio Monteverdi, Sofonisba Anguissola, Liutprand of Cremona, Gianluca Vialli, Ugo Tognazzi, Gerard of Cremona
  7. 1110s Births: Thomas Becket, Robert of Ketton, Wace, Raymond of Poitiers, Ponce de Minerva, Dirk VI, Count of Holland, Gerard of Cremona
  8. Della Vita e Delle Opere di Gherardo Cremonese, Traduttore del Secolo Duodecimo e di Gherardo da Sabbionetta, Astronomo del Secolo Decimoterzo Notizie Raccolte. by Baldassarre (1821-1894). [Gerard of Cremona & Gerard of Sabloneta] BONCOMPAGNI, 1851-01-01
  9. The Latin translation of the Arabic version of Euclids Elements commonly ascribed to Gerard of Cremona: Introduction, edition and critical apparatus (Asfar) by Euclid, 1984
  10. GEOMANCIE ASTRONOMIQUE de Gerard de Cremone. Pour Savoir les Choses Passes, les Presentes, & les Futurs. Traduite par le Sieur de Salerne. Et Augmentee en Cette Derniere Impressions de Plusieurs Questions, & d'Autres Curiositez. by Da Cremona Gherardo, 1691-01-01

41. Innovation Watch - The Growth Of Knowledge (Citations)
into Arabic and often annotated with Arabic commentaries scholars like theEnglishman Adelard of Bath or the Italian gerard of cremona, men eager to make
http://www.innovationwatch.com/mind_knowledge_cit.htm

Homepage
News Scan Commentary Web Polls ... Site Search Mind and Consciousness -
The Growth of Knowledge (Citations)
HOME DEEP CHANGE Mysterious
Journey
... A Critical Balance THE BOOK "The Arab Age of Translation began during the reign of Harun-al-Rashid (A.D. 786-809), when scholar-physicians at a Nestorian Christian academy in Jundi-Shapur, in southwest Persia, were brought to Baghdad to translate Greek manuscripts gathered by the caliph's agents, acting, in the words of a modern writer, as 'buyers of culture.' A young scholar from Jundi-Shapur, Hunayn ibn-Ishaq, became court physician to Harun's son, Caliph al-Mamun, and in 830 was named head of the 'House of Wisdom,' a library founded by the caliph to store and translate Greek manuscripts. Hanayn and his colleagues translated Plato's Republic, many of Aristotle's works, and the medical writings of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Galen (some of whose works were later lost in the original Greek and preserved to the world solely in Hunayn's Arabic)." Gies and Gies

42. Gadadhara Jonardon Ganeri Gadamer, Hans-Georg Kathleen Wright
Geometry, Philosophical Issues in Thomas Ryckman George of Trebizond JohnMonfasani. gerard of cremona Mark Jordan. Gerard of Odo Bonnie Kent.
http://www.routledge.com/rep/entrie2.shtml
List of Entries A B C D ... Z
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Gadadhara

Jonardon Ganeri
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Dabney Townsend
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Fiona Somerset
Gerdil, Cardinal Sigismond
Patrick Riley
German Idealism
Paul Franks
Gerson, Jean

43. Constructions History
may be received. . Adelard of Bath. Adelard of Bath The Impact ofMuslim Science. Book I; Cleopatra; Elements; Euclid; gerard of cremona;
http://www-cgrl.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research/constructions.history.html
"We must first search after reason, and when it has been found, and not until then, authority if added to it, may be received." Adelard of Bath

44. The Collapsing Compass Computer
expositors and translators that are at fault and that Euclid's original algorithm,according to several trustworthy sources such as gerard of cremona's Latin
http://www-cgrl.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/research/compass.html
"Whenever a construction is possible by means of compasses and straight edge, more advanced means should not be used." Pappus of Alexandria There has been considerable interest during the past 2300 years in comparing different models of geometric computation in terms of their computing power. One of the most well known results is the proof in 1672 due to Mohr that all constructions that can be executed with straight-edge and compass can be carried out with compass alone. The earliest such proof of the equivalence of models of computation is due to Euclid in his second proposition of Book I of the Elements in which he establishes that the collapsing compass is equivalent in power to the modern compass. A word is in order concerning this terminology - collapsing compass. With the modern compass one can open it to some aperture on the page and then lift the compass and transfer this same aperture to another location on the page. With the collapsing compass this operation of transferring a distance is not allowed. It is called collapsing because it behaves as if when the compass is lifted from the page it folds and the measured distance is forever lost. In the theory of equivalence of models of computation Euclid's second proposition enjoys a singular place. However, like much of Euclid's work and particularly his constructions involving cases, his second proposition has received a great deal of criticism over the centuries. I became interested in this problem when I discovered that much of this criticism is not warranted and in fact most textbooks of Euclid's

45. Astronomy And Astrology In The Twelfth Century
philosophers . There he encountered gerard of cremona, who had translatedamong many other works Ptolemy's Almagest. Gerard had
http://explorers.whyte.com/astrol.htm
Astronomy and Astrology in the 12th century
Preface
January 1999: I presented this paper at the 6th Irish Conference of Medievalists in Maynooth on 26 June 1992, and put it on-line as an experiment when I first designed the Alliance Party web-site in 1995. It has long since been deleted from its original location, but there has been some interest in it from the on-line community, so here it is again, sadly without any footnotes or references though I hope to change that before too long. Thanks to Marilynn Lawrence for finding it for me. The M Phil dissertation from which this lecture drew, as well as my history of science essays, on the transmission of science Richard of Wallingford Sir Robert Ball , and medieval time-keeping , are now on this site, as are also short notes on the assassination of Domitian and the "Curse of the Presidents" . If you find this useful, please let me know. This page has had visitors since 23 July 1999.
Introduction: John of Salisbury
If one is looking for an illustrative twelfth-century intellectual, one cannot do much better than John of Salisbury. Book II of his Policraticus is devoted to a general discussion of omens, divination and the philosophical problems of predestination. He makes his distaste for astrologers clear, lumping them in with "practitioners of other trivialities", but it is clear that his difficulties with them were not entirely due to a philosophical disagreement. In chapter 19, he says:

46. MuslimHeritage.com - Topics
AlRazi was translated into Latin by gerard of cremona and others. Most 1114AD,Birth of Italian scholar gerard of cremona in Italy. He
http://www.muslimheritage.com/timeline/chronology.cfm
Chronology of major events in Muslim Heritage
This is a short and incomplete list of major developments made by Muslims during the 9th to 16th Centuries.
Shortcut to: th th th th ... th Centuries.
th Century
Muslim merchants reach China (Canton). Foundation of a paper factory in Baghdad; the first in history outside China. The Muslims use different materials from the Chinese, though. This is a development that would subsequently revolutionise learning. The paper industry spreads from Baghdad, to Syria and further West, until it reaches about a century later Europe (Spain) via Morocco.
Mash'allah writes on the Astrolabe. He was one of the earliest astronomers and astrologers in Islam. Only one of his writings is extant in Arabic, but there are many medieval Latin and Hebrew translations of it. His most popular book in the Middle Ages was the `De scientia motus orbis,' translated by G. Cremonna in the twelfth century.
Al-Tabari writes on Astronomy. Harun al-Rashid gives Charlemagne a clock that struck the hours. Foundation of the city of Fez by the Idrisids in Morocco.

47. MuslimHeritage.com - Muslim Scholars
In the twelfth century gerard of cremona and Roberts of Chester translatedthe algebra of AlKhawarizmi into Latin. Mathematicians
http://www.muslimheritage.com/day_life/default.cfm?ArticleID=317&Oldpage=1

48. Gerard
Gerardo Diego (18961987) Spanish poet. Educators, Scholars, and Social Workersgerard of cremona (1114-1187) European scholar and translator.
http://www.geocities.com/edgarbook/names/g/gerard.html
For many more names, please return to Edgar's Main Page. Gerard
Gender : Masculine.
Language : English
Etymology
Gerard is the English form of an old Germanic name, Gairhard
History
Gerard appeared in England right before the Norman Conquest. It has stayed every since.
Pronunciation : jerr-ard.
Diminutives Gary Ged Gerry Jed Jerry
Alternates Jerrard Gerrard
Dutch Geert Geeraard Geerd Gert Flemish Geeraard Geerd Gert French Frisisan Gerrit Garrit German Gerhard Gerhardt Gerhart German (Low) Geert Gerrit Gert Hungarian Italian Gerardo Spanish Gerardo Surnames Garett Garret Garrett Jarrett Jarritt Famous Bearers Artists and Authors Gerard David Dutch painter. Gerard Terborch Dutch painter. Gerard Edelinck Flemish engraver. French poet. Gerard Manley Hopkins English poet. Gerhart Hauptmann German poet. Gerardo Diego Spanish poet. Educators, Scholars, and Social Workers Gerard of Cremona European scholar and translator. Geert Groote Dutch priest who founded a center for manuscript copying. Gerard Debreu French-American economist.

49. History Of Astronomy: Persons (G)
gerard of cremona Germ. Gerhard von Cremona (c.11141187) Shortbiography and reference (MacTutor Hist. Math.); Short biography
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_g.html
History of Astronomy Persons
History of Astronomy: Persons (G)
Deutsche Fassung

50. History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On June 3, 1999
15921655) Short biography From the Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913.gerard of cremona Germ. Gerhard von Cremona (c.1114-1187) Short
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990603.html
History of Astronomy What's new
History of Astronomy:
What's new at this site on June 3, 1999
Some URLs have been updated.
Welcome / About
History of astronomy

51. Potions
k, 4,5, 6,7. Noxious Aroma, alRazi, 80, 83, 105, 99, 99, 99, 21, C, Gerard ofCremona, 91, 93, 147, 99, 99, 99, 53, C, gerard of cremona, 155, 222, 1060, 99,65, 48, 827, K, Orpiment,
http://www.darklands.net/files/alchwin2.htm
Getting Rich thru Alchemy
and Winning at Darklands
by Alan Pitts
Edited for the Darklands Domain by -MLW
Please note: Listed at the bottom of the page is a reprint of an e-mail Alan sent to the Darklands discussion group which explains the theory behind using the data listed below. Thanks! (ed.)

Okay, here it is. I'm pretty sure that this is correct and up-to-date, but I wasn't able to check it. My computer here is Excel-illiterate.
Anyway, here is what it does ... Pure Gold Manganese Naphtha Marsh Vapor Eastern Black Bean Zincblende Antimoni Orpiment White Cinnabar Solanaceae Aqua Regia Gum Mondragora Alum Camomile Nikel Pitchblende Zinken Brimstone Choleric Base Phlegmatic Base Sanguine Base Melancholic Base
  • In the upper-left corner is a list of the components. They are in the order that you would find them for sale at any vendor who has them. That reminds me that the manual has a differently-ordered list. In the manual they are listed in the order of rarity. The one exception is that Solanaceae is not listed at all. I'm pretty sure it got deleted in a cut-and-paste operation gone awry. I've noticed at least one other faulty cut-and-paste error in the manual, so I guess it's to be expected. Anyway, I've always wondered what the description to solanaceae would have been. It's something I would ask Microprose if they still supported the game. If I'm correct, Solanaceae would be about tenth in the order of rarity. Next to the names of all the components are the prices. These are the prices I found using a leader whose charisma was 41. These prices seem to be sensitive to charisma, but not to town size. They are listed in pfennigs.
  • 52. Darklands Domain - Getting Rich Thru Alchemy By Alan Pitts
    Alfred of Sareshel, 146, 322, 823, 99, 74, 57, 493, K, gerard of cremona,155, 222, 1060, 99, 65, 48, 827, K, Orpiment. gerard of cremona, 91, 93, 147,99, 99, 99, 53, C,
    http://www.darklands.net/tools/winning.shtml
    Getting Rich thru Alchemy and Winning at Darklands
    by Alan Pitts
    (Edited for the Darklands Domain) Please note: Listed at the bottom of the page is a reprint of an e-mail Alan sent to the Darklands discussion group which explains the theory behind using the data listed below. Thanks! (ed.) Pure Gold 146
    Manganese 46
    Naphtha 50
    Marsh Vapor 71
    Eastern Black Bean 71
    Zincblende 42
    Antimoni 30
    Orpiment 34
    White Cinnabar 23
    Solanaceae 40 Aqua Regia 38 Gum 38 Mondragora 38 Alum 26 Camomile 27 Nikel 24 Pitchblende 26 Zinken 27 Brimstone 17 Choleric Base 7 Phlegmatic Base 6 Sanguine Base 8 Melancholic Base 10 k (batch size coefficient) Philosopher's Stone Intelligence Alchemical Skill Immediately under the components are two rows headed "batch size" and "k." The number under "batch size" is the number of potions one person is making over one night. The number under "k" is a number representing the ease of making that many potions.

    53. PBIO 250 Lecture Notes -- History -- Spring 1998
    as Avicenna, wrote the Canon of Medicine, an encyclopedic work on plants; translatedinto Latin by gerard of cremona in the 12th century (see a manuscript page
    http://www.inform.umd.edu/PBIO/pb250/hist.html
    PBIO 250 Lecture Notes
    James L. Reveal
    Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
    History of Systematic Botany
    Folk taxonomies
    arrangment of objects into general, but hierarchierical categories
    systems differ widely by culture and requirements
    significant in agriculture
  • Berlin, B. 1973. Folk systematics in relation to biological classification and nomenclature. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst.
  • Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional science. Princeton. The Ancients
  • Greene, E. L. 1983. Landmarks of Botanical History , 2 vols. (edited by F. N. Egerton). Stanford.
  • Henrey, B. 1975. British Botanical and Horticultural Literature before 1800 . 3 vols. London.
  • Hobbs, C. 1996a. An outline of the history of herbalism
  • Botanical taxonomy - a historical summary
  • Reed, H.S. 1942. A short history of the plant sciences . Waltham.
  • Morton, A.G. 1981. History of botanical science: An account of the development of botany from ancient times to the present day. London. agriculture began some 9000 years ago in the fertile crescent of Mesopotamia
    Assyrian
    herbal of the 7th century B.C. gives a list of some 700 medicinal and semi-medicinal plants arranged according to use and application - see an early
  • 54. Encyclopedia Of The Middle Ages - List Of Entries (G)
    11461223) Gerard of Abbeville (died 1272) Gerard of Borgo San Donnino (died 1276/1277)Gerard of Brogne (died 959) gerard of cremona (died 1187) Gerbert of
    http://www.lutterworth.com/jamesclarke/jc/titles/ema_g.htm
    Home Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages List of Entries ENCYCLOPEDIA
    OF THE
    MIDDLE AGES
    Edited by André Vauchez
    A
    B C D ... F G H I J K ... Z List of Entries
    G

    Gabriel, Archangel
    Gabriel II (Ibn Al-Turayk) (12th C)
    Gabriel Barletta (died after 1480)
    Gaddi, Taddeo (1295/1300-1366)
    Gaeta Galicia (Spain) Galicia (Ukraine) Gallican Liturgy Gallicanism Games Gandersheim Garden Garter, Order of The Gascoigne, Thomas (1403-1458) Gascony Gautier De Coincy (1177-1236) Gdansk (Danzig) Gebhard of Constance (died 995) Gelasius II, Pope (1060/1064 - 1119) Gemistus Plethon (1360-1452) Genesis Genghis Khan (1167-1227) Genoa Gentile da Fabriano (1370-1427) Genuflection Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1155) Geomancy George of Pode George of the Arabs (died 724) George Scholarius (Gennadius II) (1403-1472) Georgia Gerald of Wales (1146-1223) Gerard of Abbeville (died 1272) Gerard of Borgo San Donnino (died 1276/1277) Gerard of Brogne (died 959) Gerard of Cremona (died 1187) Gerbert of Aurillac (945/950-1003) Gerhoh of Reichersberg (1092/1093 - after 1167) Gerlachus (12th C) Germanus I of Constantinople (634-733) Germany, Kingdom of

    55. [HM] Liber Augmenti Et Diminucionis: Corrigenda By Barney Hughes
    libro, however disclaiming any overt association with the teaching of alKhwarizmi., that all the supplementary problems in gerard of cremona's translation of
    http://mathforum.org/epigone/historia_matematica/plomjansil
    [HM] Liber augmenti et diminucionis: corrigenda by Barney Hughes
    reply to this message
    post a message on a new topic

    Back to Historia-Matematica Discussion Group
    Subject: [HM] Liber augmenti et diminucionis: corrigenda Author: barnabas.hughes@csun.edu Date: The Math Forum

    56. Darkfugg
    (Ehhez csak gratulálni tudok.). Készítok alRazi, gerard of cremona. KészítokSolomon, Alfred of Sareshel, és gerard of cremona.
    http://member.rpg.hu/cu/cuo26/darkfugg.htm
    FÜGGELÉK
    1. Gépigény 2. Fegyverek éles-, nyársaló-, ütõ-, szál- és dobófegyverek, íjak, tûzfegyverek 3. Formulák 4. Komponensek 5. Napszakok 6. Szentek
    1. GÉPIGÉNY
    640 K RAM (nem árt 4 M + Smartdrv) kb. 386-os proci EGA, MCGA/VGA (320x200x256) 16 Mb hely a winchesteren AdLib, Roland, Tandy, PC Speaker egér nem árt
    2. Fegyverek
    Éles (EDGED) (Min. szakértelem, Min. erõ, Mit "vág" át) TWO-HANDED SWORD 19 21 chain, brigandine LONGSWORD 18 19 scale FALCHION - - nem-fém páncél SHORTSWORD 16 13 chain, brigandine SMALL BLADES PONIARD chain, brigandine DAGGER SMALL KNIFE HAND AXE mint a FALCHION, kisebb sebzés FIELD AXE olcsó, szerény sebzés cuirboulli Nyársaló (IMPACT) GREAT HAMMER 20 24 plate mail (sebzés, mint LONGSW) GIANT CUDGEL 10 27 plate GIANT MACE, MAUL 9 25 chain, brigandine MILITARY HAMMER 12 15 kicsi sebzés MACE 8 14 plate-t már nem CLUB 4 16 scale mail Ütõk (FLAIL (cséphadarók)) TWO-HANDED FLAIL 18 20 chain, brigandine

    57. - Great Books -
    His work De Somniorum Visione was translated by gerard of cremona and another waspublished as De medicinarum compositarum gradibus investigandis Libellus
    http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_716.asp
    Kindi (al-)
    Sometimes called pre-eminently "The Philosopher of the Arabs " flourished in the 9th century, the exact dates of his birth and death being unknown. He was born in Kufa, where his father was governor under the Caliphs Mahdi and Harun al-RashId. His latter studies were made in Bagdad, where he remained, occupying according to some a government position. In the orthodox reaction under Motawakkil, when all philosophy was suspect, his library was confiscated, but he himself seems to have escaped. His writings - like those of other Arabian philosophers - are encyclopaedic and are concerned with most of the sciences; they are said to have numbered over two hundred, but fewer than twenty are extant. Some of these were known in the middle ages, for Kindi is placed by Roger Bacon in the first rank after Ptolemy as a writer on optics. His work De Somniorum Visione was translated by Gerard of Cremona and another was published as De medicinarum compositarum gradibus investigandis Libellus (Strassburg, 1531). He was one of the earliest translators and commentators of

    58. Important Glossary Terms And Images In Week 3
    Gall St. Augustine St. Jerome gerard of cremona Frederick II Roman de FauvelReichenau Orderic Vitalis Carolingian Empire. Images Shown in Week 3.
    http://web.princeton.edu/sites/Medieval/mappamundi/med201/week3.html
    Important Glossary Terms and Images in Week 3
    Important Glossary Terms in Week 3
    Scriptorium
    Vulgate

    Pentateuch

    Antiphonary
    ...
    Carolingian Empire
    Images Shown in Week 3
    The prophet Ezra as scribe
    The prophet Ezekiel
    eating the involutus liber
    Same scene
    (different iconography)
    The poet Reinmar of Zweter
    The poet Rudolf der Schreiber
    Writing Tablets

    Christ in Majesty
    Scriptorium scene ... Evangelium longum (also see detail Eadwine , "the prince of scribes" The evangelists Matthew and Luke : Gospel Book of Ada Rudolf von Ems dictating to a scribe The evangelist Mark : Bible manuscript of Fulda Lawrence of Durham as scribe The scribe Sigfridus Vitulus : Bible from Ebrach Corrector at work The frustrated scribe (illuminator) Hildebert Gospel Book of Lorsch Bible of Wenzel (Wenceslaus) of Bohemia Boniface Decretals Doctor and pharmacist (historiated initial) Emperor Frederick II, De arte venandi cum avibus (On the Art of Hunting with Birds) Second image from above Book of Hours: Les grandes heures , made for the Duc de Berry The poet Alram von Gresten Chaillou de Pestin, Le roman de Fauvel and detail Back to MED 201: The World of the Middle Ages - Syllabus

    59. Ftp.std.com/obi/Vatican/exhibit/d-mathematics/Mathematics.txt
    verso88 recto =Ptolemy, Almagest In Latin Translated by gerard of cremona Thirteenth century
    http://ftp.std.com/obi/Vatican/exhibit/d-mathematics/Mathematics.txt

    60. Giordano Bruno: His Life And Thought (Footnotes, Chapter 3)
    Almagest, III, 3 and XII, 1. The text was first introduced to the Latinspeakingworld by gerard of cremona (1114-1187) who translated the Arabic version.
    http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/bruno03f.htm
    Giordano Bruno: His Life and Thought CHAPTER THREE
    FOOTNOTES
    1 In mediaeval Christian versions of the scheme, divine power is sometimes shewn acting through the labour of angels imparting motion by cranks (cf. Israel Abrahams, Edwin Bevyn, and Charles Singer, The Legacy of Israel [Oxford, 1927], Fig. 25 from a fourteenth century manuscript). De coelo, 113-14, 286b 10-287b 21, and see below. De gen. et corr., II, 11, 338a; Physica, VIII, 8, 264b; De coelo, II, 3, 286a. De coelo, IV, 3-4, 310a-312a. Physica, VIII, 6, 258a-259b. De coelo, II, 8, 289b. Metaphysica, XII, 8, 1074a, 13. In De gen. et corr., II, 2, Aristotle distinguishes between the elements as perceptible bodies which are always encountered by us in "alteration" or mixture with one another, and the originative sources of these elements "which are equal in number (four) and identical in kind with those in the sphere of the eternal and primary things" (Cf. De gen. et corr., II, 9, 335a). 8 Date of publication of Kepler's Astronomia nova.

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