1. ULUGH BEG ULUGH BEG, MIRZA MAHOMMED BEN SHAH ROK (13941449), Persian astronomer, son of the shah Rok and grandson of Timur, succeeded his father as prince of Samarkand in 1447, after having for years taken part in the government, and was murdered in 1449 by http://92.1911encyclopedia.org/U/UL/ULUGH_BEG.htm

document.write(""); ULUGH BEG ULUGH BEG, MIRZA MAHOMMED BEN SHAH ROK (1394-1449), Persian astronomer, son of the shah Rok and grandson of Timur, succeeded his father as prince of Samarkand in 1447, after having for years taken part in the government, and was murdered in 1449 by his eldest son. He erected an observatory at Samarkand, from which were issued tables of the sun, moon and planets, with an interesting introduction, which throws much light on the trigonometry and astronomical methods then in use (Prolegomenes des tables astroncmiques d'Oidoug Beg, ed. by Sedillot, Paris, 1847, and translated by the same, 1853). The serious errors which he found in the Arabian star catalogues (which were simply copied from Ptolemy, adding the effect of precession to the longitudes) induced him to redetermine the positions of 992 fixed stars, to which he" added 27 stars from Al Sufi's catalogue, which were too far south to be observed at Samarkand. This catalogue, the first original one since Ptolemy, was edited by Th. Hyde at Oxford in 1665 (Tabulae longitudinis et tatitudinis stellarum tixarum ex observatione Ulugbeighi), by G. Sharpe in 1767, and in 1843 by F. Baily in vol. xiii. of the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. See Delambre, Histoire de l’astronomie du moyen dge; PoggendorfF, Biographisch-litterarisches.

2. Ulugh_Beg Ulugh Beg. Born Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timurinvaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html

Ulugh Beg Born: 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) Died: 27 Oct 1449 in Samarkand, Timurid empire Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

3. Ulugh Beg - Encyclopedia Article From Britannica.com Search Ulugh Beg at Britannica.com for the Web's best sites, news and magazine articles, and related products. http://www.britannica.com/seo/u/ulugh-beg

4. Ulugh Beg - Wikipedia Ulugh Beg. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ulugh Beg (1394October27, 1449), also Ulug Beg, was a Timurid astronomer and ruler. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulugh_Beg

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Ulugh Beg From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ulugh Beg October 27 ), also Ulug Beg , was a Timurid astronomer and ruler. He was the grandson of the conqueror Timur the Lame and son of Shah Rukh , both of whom were coming from the Turkic Barlas tribe located in Transoxania (present Uzbekistan ). Ulugh Beg was born in Sultaniyya in modern-day Iran . As a child he wandered through a substantial chunk of the Middle East and India as his grandfather expanded his conquests in those areas. With Timur's death, however, and the accession of Ulugh's father to much of the Timurid Empire , he settled in Samarkand which had been Timur's capital. After Shah Rukh moved the capital to

5. Ulugh-Beg UlughBeg 1394-1449, Timurid ruler and astronomer. The grandson of Tamerlane(or Timur), he succeeded to the Timurid domain in 1447. Ulugh-Beg. http://www.slider.com/enc/54000/Ulugh-Beg.htm

trellian ftp Home Encyclopeadia T Typ - Tzi ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Ulugh-Beg 1394-1449, Timurid ruler and astronomer. The grandson of Tamerlane (or Timur), he succeeded to the Timurid domain in 1447. A patron of the arts and sciences, he established an astronomical observatory at Samarkand and compiled a star catalog (1420-37). His work, written in Arabic, was translated into Persian. It became known in Europe in the 16th cent. and a Latin version appeared in England (1665). A small museum of astronomy now stands on the remains of his observatory. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

6. Ulugh Beg - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For All Friends of Acapedia Ulugh Beg. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ulugh Beg(1394October 27, 1449), also Ulug Beg, was a Timurid astronomer and ruler. http://acapedia.org/aca/Ulugh_Beg

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7. PO Ulugh Beg Ulugh Beg. Door Lesley Arp en Alexandra de Jong, 4VWO, HML. Biografievan Ulugh Beg. Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg is geboren in 1394 http://anw.hml.nl/Werkstukken/Lesley_Arp en Alexandra_de_Jong/ulugh_beg/

Ulugh Beg Door: Lesley Arp en Alexandra de Jong, 4VWO, HML. Biografie van Ulugh Beg Ulugh Beg leefde in het begin van de 15 e eeuw. Toen was het christendom in verval. Andere rijken, zoals het Ottomaans Turkse rijk, waren belangrijk. Binnen het christendom ontstonden er allerlei stromingen. Dat kwam onder andere doordat de bijbel in de 14 e e eeuw de renaissance. Tijdens de Renaissance vond een herwaardering van de kunst uit de klassieke tijd plaats. In die kunst stond tevens de mens centraal. Florence maakte op het gebied van handel en cultuur een bloeiperiode mee. Er kwam een nieuwe generatie schilders in Florence, die zo realistisch mogelijk schilderden. De bekendsten waren Boticelli, Lippi en Ghirlandajo. De beroemdste wetenschapper en schilder uit die tijd was Leonardo da Vinci. Hij is geboren in Florence en leefde van 1452 tot 1519. Na de dood van Shah Rukh werd Ulugh Beg leider van Timurid. In die tijd maakte Timurid een cultureel hoogtepunt mee. Echter wist hij zijn macht niet goed te behouden, en daar probeerden andere prinsen van te profiteren. In 1449 is hij in opdracht van zijn zoon Abd al Latif vermoord. Hij wou blijkbaar de macht graag van hem overnemen.Vragen: . Wanneer leefde hij?

8. Footnotes . . . . .beg ulugh Beg was the grandson of the Asian (Mongol) conquerer Timur.His father captured the city of Samarkand and gave it to Ulugh Beg. http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/arab/footnode.html

...induction. There is in Pappus' The Collection a treatment of a variant to the Shoemaker's knife problem that has been argued to contain the first proof containing the two elements of induction. ...Beg Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the Asian (Mongol) conquerer Timur. His father captured the city of Samarkand and gave it to Ulugh Beg. He was primarily an astronomer and he built an observatory, the construction beginning in 1428. In his observations he discovered a number of errors in the computations of Ptolemy. He compiled tables of sins and tans at 1 intervals. These displayed a high degree of accuracy, being correct to at least 8 decimal places. Ulugh Beg's politics were not up to his science and, on his father's death, he was unable to achieve power despite being an only son. He was eventually being put to death at the instigation of his own son. Don Allen Thu Mar 6 09:44:30 CST 1997

9. The Rug World - U Ulugh beg ulugh Beg 140749; After the death of Shah Rukh, Ulugh Beg takespower and moves the capitol to Samarkand. Artistic patron and astronomer. http://www.spongobongo.com/rwu.htm

U Uighur A Turkic people who live on the western border of China. The Uighers had a written language at the time of Cingis Qan and the Mongols adopted the Uigher script for Mongol. 1209: The Uigher tribe comes into the Mongol confederation. Mongol history and chronology from ancient times Ulugh Beg Ulugh Beg 1407-49 After the death of Shah Rukh, Ulugh Beg takes power and moves the capitol to Samarkand. Artistic patron and astronomer. Builder of important observatory. Ulus Ulus refers to the land and people controlled by the Il. See Tribe Umetalieva, B.T. Umetalieva, B.T. et al. The Arts of the Kirghiz. Hamburg: 1985. Unger, Edmund de Unger, Edmund de. "The Silk Mamluk" in Hali. Vol. 31, 8/iii. 1986. 8-9; 102. Unger, Edmund de. "An Ancestor of the Mamluk Carpets" in Hali. Vol. 5. 1982-83. 44-46. Unger, Edmund de. "The Origin of the Mamluk Carpet Design" in Hali. Vol. 2. 1979. 321-322.

10. Ulugh_Beg Ulugh Beg, 13941449. Tabvlae long ac lat. stellarum fixarvm, ex observationeUlugh Beighi Ex tribus invicem collatis MSS. Persicis http://www.dudleyobservatory.org/Exhibits/ulugh_beg.htm

Ulugh Beg Oxonii, Typis H. Hall; sumptibus authoris; venales prostant apud R. Davis, 1665. The Islamic world carried out the most important astronomical research of the Middle Ages. One of the leading Islamic astronomers, Ulug Beg, was also the governor of Samarkand in Central Asia. As a result, he had the resources to produce, in about 1420, the most important star catalog of the era, recording the positions of 1000 stars. Unlike later star catalogs, all the observations to create this catalog were made by naked eye observations. This work is written in Latin and Arabic with the Arabic text on the left hand page and Latin on the right. Enlargement of Latin text. Enlargement of Arabic text. The Dudley Observatory Last ... Next

11. Ulugh Beg, 1393-1449 C.E. Profiles the 15th century mathematician and astronomer of Central Asia. Details his construction of the famed observatory in Samarkand. MOHAMMED TARGAI ulugh beg. (1393 1449 C.E.) http://salam.muslimsonline.com/~azahoor/beg.html

MOHAMMED TARGAI ULUGH BEG (1393 - 1449 C.E.) by Dr. A. Zahoor Click here to proceed

12. Ulugh Beg And His Observatory The web page on ulugh beg and the Samarkand Observatory has been moved to Silk Road Seattle and may be found by clicking http://faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/CA/cities/samarkand/obser.html

The web page on Ulugh Beg and the Samarkand Observatory has been moved to Silk Road Seattle and may be found by clicking here . If you have saved the former URL in your browser, replace it with the new one. October 16, 2002

13. Mohammed Targai Ulugh Beg (InterIslamicNet) ulugh beg was a grandson of Timur (known in the West as Tamerlane), a Tartar prince and ruler of Turkestan. http://members.tripod.com/~bimcrot/alkisah/ulughbeg.html

Mohammed Targai Ulugh Beg (1393 - 1449 C.E.) Ulugh Beg was a grandson of Timur (known in the West as Tamerlane), a Tartar prince and ruler of Turkestan. He was an exceptional astronomer and mathematician of the fifteenth century. Ulugh Beg was the son of Timurid king Shah Rukh and was born in 1393 at Sultaniyya in Central Asia. He was a Hafiz, someone who can recite the Qur'an by heart. Ulugh Beg made Samarkand famous as one of the leading cities of Muslim civilization. In 1424 he built a madrasa, an institution of higher learning, where astronomy was taught. Later in 1428, Ulugh Beg began the construction of a magnificent three-story observatory in Samarkand. It was more than two hundred fifty feet in diameter and one hundred twenty feet high. He appointed Ali-Kudsi, a Muslim astronomer as the director of the Observatory. Several well-known mathematicians and astronomers including Al-Kashi and Kadizada worked there. He equipped it with the best and most accurate astronomical instruments available then. The observatory included a Fakhri sextant (made of marble) which was used for determining the inclination of the ecliptic to the equator, the point of the vernal equinox, the length of the tropical year, and other astronomical constants measured from observation of the sun. It also included a quadrant so large that part of the ground was removed to allow it to fit in the Observatory. Other instruments included a triquetram and an armillary sphere.

14. Encyclopædia Britannica His father, Shah Rokh, captured the city of Samarkand and gave it to ulugh beg, who made it a centre of Muslim http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=76129

15. Beg, Ulugh beg, ulugh (13591449). Shortly after his grandson ulugh beg was born,Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/B/beg/beg.html

Beg, Ulugh Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

16. Ulugh_Beg Biography of ulugh beg (13931449) ulugh beg. Born 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ulugh_Beg.html

Ulugh Beg Born: 1393 in Soltaniyeh, Timurid, Persia (now Iran) Died: 27 Oct 1449 in Samarkand, Timurid empire Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane (from Timur-I-Leng meaning Timur the Lame, a title of contempt used by his Persian enemies). Although in this archive we are primarily interested in Ulugh Beg's achievements in mathematics and astronomy, we need to examine the history of the area since it had such a major impact on Ulugh Beg's life. Timur, Ulugh Beg's grandfather, came from the Turkic Barlas tribe which was a Mongol tribe that was living in Transoxania, today essentially Uzbekistan. He united several Turko-Mongol tribes under his leadership and set out on a conquest, with his armies of mounted archers, of the area now occupied by Iran, Iraq, and eastern Turkey. Shortly after his grandson Ulugh Beg was born, Timur invaded India and by 1399 he had taken control of Delhi. Timur continued his conquests by extending his empire to the west from 1399 to 1402, winning victories over the Egyptian Mamluks in Syria and the Ottomans in a battle near Ankara. Timur died in 1405 leading his armies into China. After Timur's death his empire was disputed among his sons. Ulugh Beg's father Shah Rukh was the fourth son of Timur and, by 1407, he had gained overall control of most of the empire, including Iran and Turkistan regaining control of Samarkand. Samarkand had been the capital of Timur's empire but, although his grandson Ulugh Beg had been brought up at Timur's court, he was seldom in that city. When Timur was not on one of his military campaigns he moved with his army from place to place and his court, including his grandson Ulugh Beg, travelled with him.

17. Ulugh Beg, Title Of Muhammad Taragay ulugh beg, Title of Muhammad Taragay (13941449). Mongol He publisheda set of astronomical tables, called the Zij of ulugh beg. ulugh http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/U/UlughBeg/1.htm

Ulugh Beg, Title of Muhammad Taragay Mongol mathematician and astronomer, ruler of Samarkand from 1409 and of the Mongol Empire from 1447. He built an observatory from which he made very accurate observations of the Sun and planets. He published a set of astronomical tables, called the Zij of Ulugh Beg. Ulugh Beg was born at Sulaniyya in central Asia and brought up at the court of his grandfather Tamerlane. At the age of 15 Ulugh Beg became ruler of the city of Samarkand and the province of Maverannakhr. In 1447 he succeeded his father, Shahrukh, to the throne, but was assassinated two years later in a coup by his son. In 1420 Ulugh Beg founded an institution of higher learning, or 'madrasa', in Samarkand. It specialized in astronomy and higher mathematics. Four years later he built a three-storey observatory and a sextant. By observing the altitude of the Sun at noon every day, he was able to deduce the Sun's meridianal height, its distance from the zenith, and the inclination of the ecliptic. The Zij of Ulugh Beg and his school is written in Tajik. It consists of a theoretical section and tables of calendar calculations, of trigonometry, and of the positions of planets, as well as a star catalogue of 1,018 stars. This includes 992 stars whose positions Ulugh Beg redetermined with unusual precision.

18. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg Biographical sketch of Muhammed Taragai ulugh beg, the 15thcentury Turk ruler with a passion for astronomy. Muhammed Taragai ulugh beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated http://www.ukans.edu/~ibetext/texts/paksoy-2/cam6.html

The Legacy of Ulugh Beg Kevin Krisciunas[1] Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand. Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405). Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father. But his rule was of short duration. Two years later he was killed by an assassin hired by his son 'Abd al Latif. A principal source of our information about the astronomical activity at Samarkand is a letter of one Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi (d. 1429), which is available in Turkish and English (see Sayili 1960). This letter, originally in Persian, was written in 1421 or 1422. From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420. Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars. The observations were carried out systematically from 1420 to 1437. While observatories today are expected to carry on indefinitely, this was not the case in olden times. Rather, observations were carried out, for example, to update tables of planetary motions in order to predict their future positions. al-Kashi tells us (see Sayili 1960, p.106):

19. References For Ulugh_Beg References for ulugh beg. Biography in 1819). TN KaryNijazov, The ulughbeg school of astronomy (Russian) (Tashkent, 1967). Articles http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ulugh_Beg.html

References for Ulugh Beg Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: J B J Delambre, (Paris, 1819). T N Kary-Nijazov, The Ulugh Beg school of astronomy (Russian) (Tashkent, 1967). Articles: M Bagheri, A newly found letter of al-Kashi on scientific life in Samarkand, Historia Math. M S Bulatov, Ulugh Beg's observatory in Samarkand (Russian), Istor.-Astronom. Issled. H Hobden, Ulugh Beg and his Observatory in Samarkand, Astronomy Now T N Kary-Nijazov, Ulugh Beg and Subah Jai Singh (Russian), in 1966 Phys. Math. Sci. in the East 'Nauka' (Moscow, 1966), 247-255. V Lutsky, Ulugh Beigh's ancient star atlas, Astromony and Space M Shevchenko, An analysis of errors in the star catalogues of Ptolemy and Ulugh Beg, J. Hist. Astronom. A U Usmanov, A short survey of the history of the development of astronomy in the medieval East up to the age of Ulugh Beg (Russian), Questions on the history of mathematics and astronomy I, Trudy Samarkand. Gos. Univ. (N.S.) Vyp.

20. The Legacy Of Ulugh Beg The Legacy of ulugh beg, article by Kevin Krisciunas, with notes and bibliography.The Legacy of ulugh beg. EDITIONS CONTAINING ALL OR PART OF ulugh beg'S ZIJ. http://www.ku.edu/~ibetext/texts/paksoy-2/cam6.html

The Legacy of Ulugh Beg Kevin Krisciunas[1] Muhammed Taragai Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) was a Turk who ruled the province of Transoxiana (Maverannahr), a region situated between the River Oxus (Amu Darya) and the River Jaxartes (Syr Darya), the principal city of which was Samarkand. Ulugh Beg's grandfather was the famous conqueror Timur (1336-1405). Ulugh Beg became the ruler of Transoxiana in 1447 upon the death of his father. But his rule was of short duration. Two years later he was killed by an assassin hired by his son 'Abd al Latif. A principal source of our information about the astronomical activity at Samarkand is a letter of one Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi (d. 1429), which is available in Turkish and English (see Sayili 1960). This letter, originally in Persian, was written in 1421 or 1422. From it we deduce that serious astronomical activity began in Samarkand in 1408-10, and that the construction of Ulugh Beg's observatory was begun in 1420. Amongthe astronomers known to have been active at Samarkand, we know only a few by name, but according to al-Kashi there were sixty or seventy scholars at the madrasa who were well enough versed in mathematics to participate in some capacity in the astronomical observations and/or seminars. The observations were carried out systematically from 1420 to 1437. While observatories today are expected to carry on indefinitely, this was not the case in olden times. Rather, observations were carried out, for example, to update tables of planetary motions in order to predict their future positions. al-Kashi tells us (see Sayili 1960, p.106):

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