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This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Bâbur, Tamerlan, Ulugh Beg, Goharshad, Massacre D'ispahan, Shah Rukh, Omar Cheikh Ii, Renaissance Timouride, Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, Abu Saïd, Husayn Bayqara, Ibrahim Sultan, Baysunghur Ier, Miran Shah, Muhammad Juki, Khalil Sultan, Mohamed Siyah Qalem, Babur Mirza, Abd Ul-Latif, Taragay, Abd Allah, Badi Az-Zaman. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Tamerlan (Timour ou Timur Lang, « Timur le boiteux », du verbe persan langidan - boiter ) (1336 - février 1405), était un guerrier turco-mongol du siècle, conquérant d'une grande partie de l'Asie Centrale et de l'Ouest. Il fonda l'Empire des Timourides et la dynastie des Timourides qui survécut jusqu'en 1857. Son prénom, Timur, signifie « fer » en turco-mongol (cf. mongol tömör et turc demir) et se rapproche de celui de Gengis Khan, Temüdjin. On l'appelle aussi Amir Timur (Temur) (émir de fer). Né près de Samarcande en Ouzbékistan en 1336 et devenu émir de Transoxiane, il se révéla un redoutable chef de guerre, bâtissant un immense empire reposant sur la force et la terreur. Les historiens parlent souvent de « catastrophe timouride » tant ses destructions et massacres furent spectaculaires. Lors de ses conquêtes, il n'hésitait pas à massacrer intégralement la population des villes qui lui résistaient à l'exception notable des artisans qu'il déportait dans sa capitale Samarcande. C'est à ce titre qu'il se montra aussi protecteur des arts et des lettres qui firent la grandeur de sa capitale, Samarcande. Après la mort de Tamerlan en 1405 son empire, gouverné par ses descendants (les Timourides), fut grignoté par les puissances voisines jusqu'à l'assaut final des Ouzbeks de la dynastie des Chaybanides. Vestiges d'Oq-Saroy (1380), « le palais blanc », à Chak...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Chapters: Ulugh Beg, William Waynflete, Barbara of Cilli, Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg, William Douglas, 2nd Earl of Angus, Thomas Livingston, Sigismund Korybut, John Fortescue, Konrad Viii the Younger, Konrad Vii the White, Konrad Vi the Dean, William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Euphemia of Masovia, Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Henry X Rumpold, Wenceslaus of Krosno, Panfilo Castaldi, Lady Elizabeth Percy, James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley, Thomas West, 2nd Baron West, Jordi de Sant Jordi, Henry Ii of Ziębice. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 89. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: William Waynflete (born William Patten) (c. 1398 11 August 1486), was Bishop of Winchester from 1447 to 1486, and Lord Chancellor of England from 1456 to 1460. He is best remembered as the founder of Magdalen College and Magdalen College School in Oxford. William was born in Wainfleet, Lincolnshire (whence his surname) in about 1398. He was the eldest son of Richard Patten (alias Barbour), a merchant. His mother was Margery, daughter of Sir William Brereton of Brereton in Cheshire. He had a younger brother named John, who later became the dean of Chichester. It has been alleged that he attended Winchester College and New College, Oxford, but this is improbable. Neither college claimed in his lifetime that he was one of its alumni. That he was at Oxford, and probably a scholar at one of the grammar schools there, before passing on to the higher faculties, is shown by a letter of the chancellor addressed to him when provost of Eton which speaks of the university as his mother who brought him forth into the light of knowledge and nourished him with the alimony of all the sciences. He is probably the William Barbour who was ordained acolyte by Bishop Fleming of Lincoln on 21 April 1420 and subdea...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=610765 ... Read more

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Chapters: Ancient Astronomers, Medieval Astronomers, Alhazen, Ulugh Beg, Khalid Ben Abdulmelik, Ali Ibn Isa, Shen Kuo, Muhammad Ibn Mūsā Al-Khwārizmī, Su Song, Aryabhata, Petrus Alphonsi, Nasir Al-Din Al-Tusi, Abraham Bar Hiyya, Al-Khazini, Berossus, Bhāskara Ii, Jang Yeong-Sil, Nilakantha Somayaji, Ibn Al-Shatir, Anania Shirakatsi, Gerard of Cremona, Ibn Yunus, Parameshvara, Zhang Sixun, Muhammad Ibn Jābir Al-Harrānī Al-Battānī, Yajnavalkya, Thābit Ibn Qurra, Abraham Zacuto, Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm Al-Zarqālī, Mashallah, Richard of Wallingford, Johannes de Sacrobosco, Varahamihira, Li Chunfeng, Wei Pu, Utpala, Śrīpati, Ibn Yahyā Al-Maghribī Al-Samaw'al, Gregory Choniades, Mordecai Comtino, Abū Al-Wafā' Būzjānī, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Kathīr Al-Farghānī, Johannes Von Gmunden, Jacob Ben Machir Ibn Tibbon, Ali Ibn Ridwan, List of Muslim Astronomers, Abū Sahl Al-Qūhī, Abū Muhammad Al-Hasan Al-Hamdānī, Isaac Israeli Ben Joseph, Nissim of Gerona, Abu-Mahmud Al-Khujandi, Ma Yize, Saint Dungal, Anvari, Jamal Ad-Din, Walcher of Malvern, Solomon Ben Elijah Sharbit, Sibt Al-Mardini, Jacob Ben David Ben Yomtob, Lalla, Eugenius Ii of Toledo, Brahmadeva, Rudolf of Bruges, Harkhebi, Muhyi Al-Dīn Al-Maghribī, Isaac Ibn Sid, Lupitus of Barcelona, Heinrich Baten, Robertus Anglicus, Abu Sa'id Al-Darir Al-Jurjani, Moses Botarel Farissol, Abolfadl Harawi, Maeriam Al-Ijliya Al-Astrulabi. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 361. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologi...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Luca Pacioli, Ulugh Beg, Regiomontanus, Georg Von Peuerbach, Madhava of Sangamagrama, Nicholas of Kues, Jamshīd Al-Kāshī, Nilakantha Somayaji, Nicolas Chuquet, Parameshvara, Scipione Del Ferro, Abū Al-Hasan Ibn Alī Al-Qalasādī, Vatasseri Parameshwaran Nambudiri, Qāḍīzāda Al-Rūmī, Jehan Adam, Damodara, Chennas Narayanan Namboodiripad, Puthumana Somayaji, Moses Botarel Farissol. Source: Wikipedia. Free updates online. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Mdhavan of Sangamagramam (born as Irinjaatappilly Madhavan Namboodiri) (c. 1350 c. 1425) was a prominent Hindu mathematician-astronomer from the town of Irinjalakkuda, near Cochin, Kerala, India. Sangamagramam (lit. sangamam = union, grmam = village) is a rough translation to Sanskrit from Dravidian word 'Iringattikudal', which means ' iru (two) angaTi (market) kUdal (union)' or the union of two markets . He is considered the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. He was the first to have developed infinite series approximations for a range of trigonometric functions, which has been called the "decisive step onward from the finite procedures of ancient mathematics to treat their limit-passage to infinity". His discoveries opened the doors to what has today come to be known as mathematical analysis. One of the greatest mathematician-astronomers of the Middle Ages, Madhava contributed to infinite series, calculus, trigonometry, geometry and algebra. Some scholars have also suggested that Madhava's work, through the writings of the Kerala school, may have been transmitted to Europe via Jesuit missionaries and traders who were active around the ancient port of Kochi at the time. As a result, it may have had an influence on later European developments in analysis and calculus. Although there is some evidence of Mathematical wo...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=2793007 ... Read more

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Chapters: Aurangzeb, Humayun, Jahangir, Ulugh Beg, Akbar the Great, Timur, Husayn Bayqarah, Abu Sa'id, Tuzk-E-Jahangiri, Khalil Sultan, Shah Rukh, Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, Abd Al-Latif, Sultan Ibrahim, 'abdullah, Badi' Al-Zaman, Yadigar Muhammad, Sultan Muhammad, Sultan Ahmad, Mahmud, Zafar-Nama, Iskandar. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 135. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jall ud-Dn Muhammad Akbar), also known as Shahanshah Akbar-E-Azam or Akbar the Great (23 November 1542 27 October 1605) was the third Mughal Emperor of India/Hindustan. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Humayun, and the grandson of the Zaheeruudin Muhammad Babur, the legendary ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of the northern and central India and was one of the most powerful empires of the age.. Abu'l Fath Jalaaluddin Muhammad Akbar, widely considered as one of the greatest and the most influential personalities of the world history, was thirteen years old when he ascended the Imperial Mughal throne in Delhi, following the death of his father Naseeruddin Muahmmad Humayun. During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful Pashtun (Pathan) descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king Hemu. It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring parts of northern and central India into his realm. The emperor solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Rajput caste, and by admitting Rajput princesses in his harem. Akbar's reign significantly influenced art and culture in the region. Akbar took a great interest in painting, and had the walls of his palaces adorned with murals. Besides encouragin...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=18945005 ... Read more

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Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Timur (from the Perso-Arabic form , ultimately from Chagatai (Middle Turkic) "iron"; 8 April 1336 - 18 February 1405), normally known as Tamerlane (from ) in English, was a 14th-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia, founder of the Timurid Empire and Timurid dynasty (1370-1405) in Central Asia, and great great grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived until 1857 as the Mughal Empire in India. Born into the Turco-Mongol Barlas tribe who ruled in Central Asia, Timur was in his lifetime a controversial figure, and remains so today. He sought to restore the Mongol Empire, yet his heaviest blow was against the Islamized Tatar Golden Horde. He was more at home in an urban environment than on the steppe. He styled himself a ghazi yet some Muslim states, e.g. the Ottoman Empire, were severely affected by his wars. A great patron of the arts, his campaigns also caused vast destruction. Timur told the qadis of Aleppo, during the sack of that newly-conquered city,"I am not a man of blood; and God is my witness that in all my wars I have never been the aggressor, and that my enemies have always been the authors of their own calamity." Temür means "iron" in the Chagatai language and according to the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain ... Read more

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's large-scale digitization efforts. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the original text that can be both accessed online and used to create new print copies. The Library also understands and values the usefulness of print and makes reprints available to the public whenever possible. This book and hundreds of thousands of others can be found in the HathiTrust, an archive of the digitized collections of many great research libraries. For access to the University of Michigan Library's digital collections, please see http://www.lib.umich.edu and for information about the HathiTrust, please visit http://www.hathitrust.org ... Read more

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Chapters: Ulugh Beg Observatory, Nukus Museum of Art, Amir Timur Museum, Bukhara State Architectural Art Museum-Preserve. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 20. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Ulugh Beg Observatory is an observatory in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Built in the 1420s by the Timurid astronomer Ulugh Beg, it is considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world at the time and the largest in Central Asia before it was destroyed in 1449. Some of the famous Islamic astronomers who worked at the observatory include Al-Kashi, Ali Qushji, and Ulugh Beg himself. In 1420, the great astronomer Ulugh Beg built a madrasah in Samarkand, named the Ulugh Beg Madrasah. It became an important centre for astronomical study and only invited scholars to study at the university whom he personally approved of and respected academically and at its peak had between 60 and 70 astronomers working there. In 1424, he began building the observatory to support the astronomical study at the madrasah and it was completed five years later in 1429. Beg assigned his assistant and scholar Ali Qushji to take charge of the Ulugh Beg Observatory which was called Samarkand Observatory at that time. He worked there till Ulugh Beg was assassinated. Other notable astronomers made observations of celestial movements at the observatory, including Qzda al-Rm (who took charge of the madrasah and observatory after Ali Qushji's death) and Jamshid Kashani. Ulugh Beg Madrasah, an important centre of astronomical study in Central AsiaHowever, the observatory was destroyed by religious fanatics in 1449 and was only re-discovered in 1908, by a Russian archaeologist named V. L. Vyatkin, who discovered an endowment document that stated the observatory's exact location. While working a...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=24923294 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 103 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Publisher: Washington, The Carnegie institution of WashingtonPublication date: 1917Subjects: StarsAstronomy, ArabNotes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Ulugh Beg- also Uluğ Bey, Ulugh Bek and Ulug Bek) (c. 1393 or 1394 in Sultaniyeh (Persia) - October 27, 1449) was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan. His commonly-known name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e Kabīr. His real name was Mīrzā Mohammad Tāregh bin Shāhrokh. Ulugh Beg was also notable for his work in astronomy-related mathematics, such as trigonometry and spherical geometry. He built the great observatory in Samarkand between 1424 and 1429. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 587 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Der Erwerb des Buches enthält gleichzeitig die kostenlose Mitgliedschaft im Buchklub des Verlags zum Ausprobieren - dort können Sie von über einer Million Bücher ohne weitere Kosten auswählen. Das Buch besteht aus Wikipedia-Artikeln: Saladin, Mahmud Iskandar Ismail, Alp Arslan, Mahmud von Ghazni, Baibars I., Dschalal ad-Din, Tughrul Beg, Ulugh Beg, Jahan Schah, Iltutmish, As-Salih, Firuz Schah Tughluq, As-Salih Ismail, Al-Malik an-Nasir Muhammad, Al-Kamil, Muhammad bin Tughluq, Schāh Ruch, Tekuder, Sebük Tigin, Masud I. von Ghazni, Chalil, Al-Ghuri, Malik Schah I., Kadi Burhan al-Din, Ala ud-Din Khalji, Qalawun, Al-Adil I., Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat, Danischmend Ghazi, Kait-Bay, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Aybak, Mizan Zainal Abidin, Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Sher Khan Suri, Barquq, Turan Schah, Al-Adil II., Al-Mu'ayyad Schaich, Barsbay, Faradsch, Raziah, Berke Qan, Al-Mustain, Hussein Kamil, Schadschar ad-Durr, Muhammad Sa'ad Abubakar, Kai Kobad II., Baibars II., Ladschin, Aschraf Schaban, An-Nasir al-Hasan, Tuman Bay, Solamisch, Al-Hasan ibn Sulaiman Abu'l-Mawahib, Ahmad Sanjar, Kitbugha, Dschaqmaq, Abu Hammu II. Musa, Abu Taschfin I., Ala ad-Din Atsiz, Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluq Shah I., Mohammadu Maccido, Ibrahim II., Abu Said Utman II., Mahmud I., Abdul Rahman, Al-Aschraf Sayf ad-Din Inal, Hamengkubuwono IX., Mohammed I., Timurbugha, Barkiyaruk, Abu Hammu I. Musa, Malik Shah II., Aliyu Babba,. Online finden Sie die kostenlose Aktualisierung der Bücher. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Saladin (arabisch ‏ ‎ , DMG mit dem Titel / ‏ ‎ / /„der siegreiche Herrscher"; * 1137/1138 in Tikrit; † 3. März oder 4. März 1193 in Damaskus) gründete die Dynastie der Ayyubiden von Ägypten und Syrien. Als Sultan Saladin wurde er zu einem Mythos, zum größten aller Helden der muslimischen Welt und vorbildhaften islamischen Herrscher. Er eroberte im Jahr 1187 Jerusalem; als erfolgreicher Gegenspieler der Kreuzfahrer wurde er oft verklärt und romantisiert. Die i...http://booksllc.net/?l=de&id=32734 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Samarkand, Ulugh Beg Observatory, Gur-E Amir, Samarkand Challenger, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, Registan, Shah-I-Zinda, Afrasiab Painting, Mir Yar Beg Sahibzada, Samarkand Airport, Afrasiyab, Samkochavto, Dynamo Samarkand Stadium. Excerpt:The Afrasiab painting is a rare example of Sogdian art. It was discovered in 1965 when the local authorities decided the construction of a road in the middle of Afr si b tepe , the old site of pre-Mongol Samarkand . It is now preserved in a special museum on the Afr si b tepe. It is the main political painting we have of ancient Sogdian art. The painting dates back to the middle of the 7th century CE. On the four walls of the room of a private house, three or four different countries neighbouring Central Asia are depicted. On the northern wall China (a Chinese festival, with the Empress on a boat, and the Emperor hunting), on the Southern Wall Samarkand (i.e; the Iranian world: a religious funerary procession in honor of the ancestors during the Nowruz festival), on the eastern wall India (as the land of the astrologers and of the pygmies , but the painting is much destroyed there). The topic on the main wall, the western wall facing the entrance is debated between specialists. Turkish soldiers are escorting ambassadors coming from various countries of the world (Korea , China, Iranian principalities etc.). There are three main hypotheses. The leading expert on Sogdian painting, the excavator of Panjikent , B. Marshak points out that Sogdian painting, gods are always depicted on the top of the main wall. However, as the Turks are guiding the embassies but are not themselves ambassadors, it has been suggested also that the Turkish Qaghan , then lord of inner and central Asia, might be depicted there. A Chinese text is indeed saying that the idea of th... ... Read more