41. Josephus Flavius Game josephus Flavius Problem. Following is an excerpt Hegesippus says thatjosephus saved his life by such a device. According to his account http://www.cut-the-knot.com/recurrence/ancient.shtml

CTK Exchange Front Page Movie shortcuts Personal info ... Recommend this site Josephus Flavius Problem Following is an excerpt from Mathematical Recreations and Essays by W.W. Rouse Ball and H.S.M.Coxeter Hegesippus says that Josephus saved his life by such a device. According to his account, after the Romans had captured Jotapat, Josephus and forty other Jews took refuge in a cave. Josephus, much to his disgust, found that all except himself and one other man were resolved to kill themselves, so as not to fall into the hands of their conquerors. Fearing to show his opposition too openly he consented, but declared that the operation must be carried out in an orderly way, and suggested that they should arrange themselves round a circle and that every third person should be killed until but one man was left, who must then commit suicide. It is alleged that he placed himself and the other man in the 31st and 16th place respectively. The medieval question was usually presented in the following form. A ship, carrying as passengers 15 Turks and 15 Christians, encountered a storm, and, in order to save the ship and crew, one-half of the passengers had to be thrown into the sea. Accordingly the passengers were placed in a circle, and every ninth man, reckoning from a certain point, was cast overboard. It is desired to find an arrangement by which all the Christians should be saved. In this case we must arrange the men thus: CCCCTTTTTCCTCCCTCTTCCTTTCTTCCT , where C stands for a Christian and

42. Texts In Perseus For Browsing: Greek Hundreds of Greek texts from 33 authors. Options to view in Roman or Greek characters, with links Category Science Social Sciences Classical Greek Texts...... Dinarchus Diodorus Siculus Euclid Euripides Herodotus Hesiod Homer Homeric Hymns Hyperides Isaeus Isocrates josephus Lycurgus Lysias http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/chunk_TOC.grk.html

Perseus Tufts Collections: Classics Papyri Renaissance London ... Support Perseus Primary Text Index: Greek Note: This page is outdated. Perseus Texts are found in the Table of Contents Some links below may not work. Here are the primary texts currently available on our web site. They have been broken into chunks for ease of browsing, with links and a lookup tool to help you navigate through the texts quickly. Clicking on any Greek word in the text which is a link will take you to the morphological analysis for that word, and from there you can use the other text tools. Please see Text Help if you are unsure how to display Greek properly or how to use text tools Note: Textual reference appearing after titles in parentheses gives their standard scholarly abbreviations, and provides a template for how to look up other passages in that author while browsing. Index of Authors Aeschines Aeschylus Andocides Antiphon ... Xenophon Authors and their works: Aeschines (Aeschin. 1.93) Against Timarchus (Aeschin. 1.1) On the Embassy (Aeschin. 2.1) Against Ctesiphon (Aeschin. 3.1)

43. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Josephus Works by josephus Jewish Antiquities From the Perseus Project Read discussion 6comments The Jewish War From the Perseus Project Read discussion 3 comments http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Josephus.html

Home Search Buy Books and CD-ROMs ... Help Works by Josephus Jewish Antiquities From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 6 comments The Jewish War From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 3 comments Life of Josephus From the Perseus Project Read discussion : 1 comment

44. The Internet Classics Archive | Life Of Josephus By Josephus Life of josephus By josephus This work is only provided via the PerseusProject at Tufts University. You may begin reading the English http://classics.mit.edu/Josephus/j.vit.html

Home Browse and Comment Search ... Help Life of Josephus By Josephus This work is only provided via the Perseus Project at Tufts University. You may begin reading the English translation as well as the Greek version and a Greek version with morphological links If you have any questions about the Perseus Project texts in the Internet Classics Archive, including the Perseus Project , please consult the help pages . Please direct any inquiries about the texts themselves to the Perseus Project Webmaster at webmaster@perseus.tufts.edu. Commentary: A few comments have been posted about Life of Josephus Read them or add your own Reader Recommendations: Recommend a Web site you feel is appropriate to this work, list recommended Web sites , or visit a random recommended Web site

45. Testimonium Flavianum Examines the arguments for and against the authenticity of the two references to Jesus in the Antiquities of Flavius josephus. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/testimonium.html

Testimonium Flavianum Flavius Josephus published a history of the Jews in twenty books around 93 CE. In the 18th and 20th books, there are two little references to Jesus that have inspired a massive literature on their authenticity or spuriousness. The purpose of this paper is to survey all of the relevant arguments concerning the authorship of these passages. The following outline is provided. The Testimonium Question Arguments that the Testimonium is Spurious Arguments that the Testimonium is Authentic The 20.9.1 Reference ... Works Cited The Testimonium Question The following passage is found in the extant Greek manuscripts of Josephus (Ambrosianus in the 11th century, Vaticanus in the 14th century, and Marcianus in the 15th century). This passage is quoted by Eusebius in the fourth century: in the Evangelical Demonstration 3.5, in the Ecclesiastical History 1.11, and in the Theophany Antiquities 18.3.3. "Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man, for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews, and many of the Gentiles. He was the Christ; and when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him, for he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him; and the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct to this day."

46. The Wars Of The Jews; Or The History Of The Destruction Of Jerusalem Flavius josephus (AD 3795). josephus was esteemed in the first ages of Christianityas an author deserving a high degree of respect for research and integrity. http://www.preteristarchive.com/JewishWars/

The Wars of The Jews The History of the Destruction of Jerusalem Written - A.D. 75 Flavius Josephus (A.D. 37-95) "Valuable as are the remains of classical antiquity, the Works of Josephus may be placed, at least, on a level with the most esteemed monuments of ancient learning. Josephus was esteemed in the first ages of Christianity as an author deserving a high degree of respect for research and integrity. Pious and learned men of later ages have continued to view him in the same light." - Henry Stebbing in "Introduction to Josephus' Works" God Warned the Children of Israel Through Moses Revelation and Josephus Significant Excerpts Antiquities - XX, VIII, 5 Significance: Prophetic Significance of Jewish War. Antiquities - XX, VIII, 6 Significance: False Prophets Decieving in the Days Leading Up to the War. Preface, 1 - Preface to 'The Wars of the Jews' Significance: Introduction To Extremities - the "greatest of all those .. ever heard of." Preface, 4, 11 - Responsibility of Jews for Desolation

47. Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus: The Roman Army Ancient History Sourcebook josephus (37 after 93 CE) The Roman Army in theFirst Century CE. Source Flavius josephus The Jewish War. III.5-6, trans. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/josephus-warb.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus (37- after 93 CE): The Roman Army in the First Century CE Book 3 :Chapter 5: DESCRIPTION OF THE ROMAN ARMIES AND ROMAN CAMPS 8. This account I have given the reader, not so much with the intention of commending the Romans, as of comforting those that have been conquered by them, and for the deterring others from attempting innovations under their government. This discourse of the Roman military conduct may also perhaps be of use to such of the curious as are ignorant of it, and yet have a mind to know it. I return now from this digression. Book 3: Chapter 6: The Army on the March Source: Flavius Josephus: The Jewish War . III.5-6, trans. William Whiston. Complete works of Josephus online at CCEL - http://ccel.wheaton.edu/j/josephus/JOSEPHUS.HTM This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. halsall@murray.fordham.edu

48. Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus: An Imperial Triumph Ancient History Sourcebook josephus (37 after 93 CE) An Imperial Triumph, 71 CE. SourceFlavius josephus The Jewish War. VII. 3-7, trans. William Whiston. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/josephus-warc.html

Back to Ancient History Sourcebook Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus (37- after 93 CE): An Imperial Triumph, 71 CE Josephus describe the triumph for Vespasian and Titus after their victory in the Jewish war. Book VII: 3. Source: Flavius Josephus: The Jewish War . VII. 3-7, trans. William Whiston. Complete works of Josephus online at CCEL - http://ccel.wheaton.edu/j/josephus/JOSEPHUS.HTM This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook . The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history. halsall@murray.fordham.edu

49. The Complete Works Of Flavius Josephus The Works of Flavius josephus is free at StudyLight.org for sermon, Biblestudy, and Sunday school preparation. Works of Flavius josephus http://www.studylight.org/his/bc/wfj/

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50. Flavius Josephus Flavius josephus. Testimonium Flavianum. You may also find the linksfrom my page on josephus to be interesting Flavius josephus. http://home.earthlink.net/~kirby/xtianity/josephus.html

Flavius Josephus This essay was originally written in favor of the authenticity of the Testimonium . Since its writing, the present writer has changed his position (persuaded in part by the rebuttal from Mr. Earl Doherty) and no longer believes that both passages about Jesus in the Antiquities are authentic. The original essay has been superseded by the following essay: Testimonium Flavianum You may also find the links from my page on Josephus to be interesting: Flavius Josephus You may also want to see my numerous pages here: Early Christian Writings Thank you for visiting!

51. Flavius Josephus Home Page Dedicated to the works of the Jewish historian Flavius josephus. Links,bibliography, book ordering. Flavius josephus Home Page. http://www.josephus.org/

Flavius Josephus Home Page Dedicated to the works of the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. With extracts, commentary, Thematic Concordance, New Testament Parallel, and the latest information about Josephus' description of Jesus. Links, bibliography, book ordering. josephus, flavius, judaism, Rome, temple, early christianity, jesus Click here to enter http://members.aol.com/FLJOSEPHUS/home.htm mydomain.com - Register your domain name

52. Luke And Josephus Luke and josephus (2000). Richard Carrier. Almost every incident of this kind thathe mentions turns up somewhere in josephus' narratives. —— Mason, p. 205. http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/lukeandjosephus.html

Library Modern Documents Richard Carrier : The Date of the Nativity in Luke Luke and Josephus (2000) Richard Carrier See also: Richard Carrier's Review of Dennis MacDonald's The Homeric Epics and the Gospel of Mark The earliest Gospel, and the source for the great majority of the "events" reported in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew, Mark shows clear signs of literary invention and the use of didactic symbolism in constructing his stories. That Luke would rely on this as a source undermines Luke's credibility. The Formation of the New Testament Canon When is the latest that the Gospels could have been written? When were they chosen and by whom? What other documents were rejected? The history of the New Testament canon is long and tedious, but the above essay is for those who can stomach it. The Date of the Nativity in Luke Luke's nativity account contradicts Matthew's, and neither is likely to be genuine. There has long been the observation that Luke-Acts contains numerous parallels with the works of Josephus, generating three different theories to account for this: that Josphus used Luke, that Luke used Josephus, or that they both used some common but now lost source. Steve Mason has reviewed the arguments [ ] and in summarizing the evidence concludes that, besides generic parallels of genre and form and the use of identical historical events, which are inconclusive as proofs, the "coindidence...of aim, themes, and vocabulary...seems to suggest that Luke-Acts is building its case on the foundation of Josephus' defense of Judaism," and therefore that Luke is consciously and significantly drawing on Josephus to supplement his use of Mark and Q and to create the appearance of a real history, a notable deviation from all the other Gospels which have none of the features of a historical work.

53. Josephus' References To Crucifixion josephus (b. 37 CE) is our best literary source for the practice ofcrucifixion in Palestine during the GrecoRoman period. As a http://www.uncc.edu/jdtabor/cruc-josephus.html

Josephus (b. 37 C.E.) is our best literary source for the practice of crucifixion in Palestine during the Greco-Roman period. As a general in command of the Jewish forces of Galilee in the Great Revolt against Rome (66-73 C.E.), he reports his attempts to save the lives of three crucified captives by appealing directly to the Roman general Titus. One survived the cross under a physician's care, the other two could not be saved. Life 76 And when I was sent by Titus Caesar with Cerealins, and a thousand horsemen, to a certain village called Thecoa, in order to know whether it were a place fit for a camp, as I came back, I saw many captives crucified, and remembered three of them as my former acquaintance. I was very sorry at this in my mind, and went with tears in my eyes to Titus, and told him of them; so he immediately commanded them to be taken down, and to have the greatest care taken of them, in order to their recovery; yet two of them died under the physician's hands, while the third recovered. Antiquities 12: Chapter 5 The invasion of Palestine by Antiochus Epiphanies c. 167 B.C.E. giving rise to the Maccabean revolt (Channukah). Josephus graphic and bloody account mentions crucifixion — not clear just what it implies in this context but certainly some kind of hanging.

54. Josephus'Testimony To Jesus josephus' Testimony to Jesus (Testimonium Flavianum) josephus, Antiquities18. 6364. The words in ALL CAPS are likely interpolations http://www.uncc.edu/jdtabor/josephus-jesus.html

Josephus' Testimony to Jesus (Testimonium Flavianum) Josephus, Antiquities The words in ALL CAPS are likely interpolations added by Christian copyists over the centuries in an attempt to make Josephus support faith in Jesus as the Christ. We have only three Greek manuscripts of this section of Josephus, all from the 11th century. These phrases, added rather clumsily, appear to be rather obvious additions even to the modern reader in English. Once restored to its more original reading Josephus offers us a most fascinating reference to Jesus. Indeed, it is the earliest reference to Jesus outside the New Testament, and its rather matter of fact, neutral reporting, makes it all the more valuable to the historian. It is worth noting that in his earlier work, The Jewish War , written shortly after the revolt under the auspices of the Emperor Vespasian, he mentioned neither Jesus, nor John the Baptist, nor James, while in Antiquities , written in the early 90s C.E., he mentions all three. For an excellent discussion of this text see John Meier

55. The Works Of Flavius Josephus The Complete works of Flavius josephus, Wars of the Jews, Online ChristianBooks etc. The Works of Flavius josephus. Flavius josephus Against Apion. http://www.raptureme.com/resource/fj/Josephus.html

The Works of Flavius Josephus Translated by William Whiston Antiquities of the Jews Preface to the Antiquities of the Jews Book I From Creation to the Death of Isaac Book II From the Death of Isaac to the Exodus out of Egypt Book III From the Exodus out of Egypt to the Rejection of the Generation Book IV From the Rejection of that Generation to the Death of Moses Book V From the Death of Moses to the Death of Eli Book VI From the Death of Eli to the Death of Saul Book VII From the Death of Saul to the Death of David Book VIII From the Death of David to the Death of Ahab Book IX From the Death of Ahab to the Captivity of the Ten Tribes Book X From the Captivity of the Ten Tribes to the First Year of Cyrus Book XI From the First Year of Cyrus to the Death of Alexander the Great Book XII From the Death of Alexander the Great to the Death of Judas Maccabeus Book XIII From the Death of Judas Maccabeus to the Death of Queen Alexandra Book XIV From the Death of Queen Alexandra to the Death of Antigonus Book XV From the Death of Antigonus to the Finishing of the Temple by Herod Book XVI From the Finishing of the Temple by Herod to the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus Book XVII From the Death of Alexander and Aristobulus to the Banishment of Archelaus Book XVIII From the Banishment of Archelaus to the Departure of the Jews from Babylon Book XIX From the Departure of the Jews from Babylon to Fadus the Roman Procurator Book XX From Fadus the Procurator to Florus War of the Jews

56. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA Flavius Josephus Join New Advent's Catholic mailing list! Start your FREE subscription today. TheNew Complete Works of josephus Translated by William Whiston. Flavius josephus. http://www.knight.org/advent/cathen/08522a.htm

57. History : Josephus' Writings The Writings of Flavius josephus. Within this book you can helps,Bible dictionaries, and more. THE WRITINGS OF FLAVIUS josephus. http://www.godrules.net/library/flavius/flavius.htm

THE WRITINGS OF FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS Within this history book you can access other study helps [ Bible history, commentary, notes, sermons, and more ]. SEARCH: HELP Match: All Any Boolean Format: Long Short Per Page: Sort By: Score Time Title Reverse Score Reverse Time Reverse Title THE LIFE OF FLAVIUS THE ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS BOOK 1 CHAPTERS: BOOK 2 CHAPTERS: BOOK 3 CHAPTERS: BOOK 4 CHAPTERS: BOOK 5 CHAPTERS: BOOK 6 CHAPTERS: BOOK 7 CHAPTERS: BOOK 8 CHAPTERS: BOOK 9 CHAPTERS: BOOK 10 CHAPTERS: BOOK 11 CHAPTERS: BOOK 12 CHAPTERS: BOOK 13 CHAPTERS: BOOK 14 CHAPTERS: BOOK 15 CHAPTERS: BOOK 16 CHAPTERS: BOOK 17 CHAPTERS: BOOK 18 CHAPTERS: BOOK 19 CHAPTERS: BOOK 20 CHAPTERS: THE WARS OF THE JEWS BOOK 1 CHAPTERS: BOOK 2 CHAPTERS: BOOK 3 CHAPTERS: BOOK 4 CHAPTERS: BOOK 5 CHAPTERS: BOOK 6 CHAPTERS: BOOK 7 CHAPTERS: FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS AGAINST APION BOOK 1 BOOK 2

58. Flavius Josephus Flavius josephus, Roman portrait bust, said to be of Flavius josephus. Beingan influential Roman citizen, he accepted a new name Flavius josephus. http://www.livius.org/jo-jz/josephus/josephus.htm

home first-century Judaism index Flavius Josephus In the war between the Jews and the Romans of 66-70 CE, the Jewish general Joseph son of Matthias defended Galilee against the Roman legions. After he had been defeated, he defected to his enemies, and advised the Roman general Vespasian. When the latter became emperor, his adviser started a career as a historian who tried to explain Judaism to the Greeks and Romans. His most are the Jewish War , the Jewish Antiquities , an Autobiography and an apology of Judaism Against Apion (or Against the Greeks ). Being an influential Roman citizen, he accepted a new name: Flavius Josephus. He must have died about 100 CE. Life Jewish War Jewish Antiquities Autobiography ... Against Apion Life Joseph was born in Jerusalem in 37 CE as the son of Matthias, a man from priestly descent, and a mother who claimed royal blood. Stated differently, he was born as a Sadducee and an aristocrat. The boy must have been a real know-it-all, because he excelled in all his studies and at the age of sixteen, he decided to find out for himself what philosophy was best - that of the Sadducees, that of the Essenes or that of the Pharisees. Although he studied all three systems, he was not content, and for three years, he lived in the desert with a hermit named Bannus. Returning to Jerusalem at the age of nineteen, he choose to become a Pharisee. At least, this is what he writes in his

59. Josephus Unbound Supplementary Articles No. 10 josephus Unbound Reopening the josephus Question.Did Jesus exist? 10. josephus UNBOUND Reopening the josephus Question. http://pages.ca.inter.net/~oblio/supp10.htm

THE JESUS PUZZLE Was There No Historical Jesus? Earl Doherty Supplementary Articles - No. 10: Josephus Unbound: Reopening the Josephus Question Did Jesus exist? Are the origins of Christianity best explained without a founder Jesus of Nazareth? Before the Gospels do we find an historical Jesus or a Jesus myth? Enlarging on the Main Articles, this section of The Jesus Puzzle web site examines a wide range of topics in New Testament scholarship. Each one adopts the viewpoint that such problem questions or documents relating to the subject of Jesus and Christian origins are best solved when approached from the position that there was no historical Jesus. These studies will help provide a greater insight into the nature of early Christianity, the object of its worship, and the source of its ideas. The author reserves all re-publication rights. Personal copies may be made as long as author identification is preserved. Return to Home Page To Index (after Preamble) Supplementary Article No. 10 JOSEPHUS UNBOUND Reopening the Josephus Question I: PREAMBLE Contrasting Worlds In an alternate universe to this one , scholars investigating Christianity’s origins are a happy lot. There, the man whom 2000 years of Christian tradition places at the genesis of the movement enjoys ample attestation. There, the five canonical Gospels may be filled with much legendary and theological accretion, and the indefatigable Paulus may have been guilty of bringing too much hellenistic hocus-pocus to his interpretation of Jesus of Nazareth, but the assortment of Christian correspondence preserved from the movement’s first century is filled with teachings attributed to the beloved Master, with cherished memories of the events of his life and death. There, letters written by early believers speak of reverent visits to the site of Jesus’ redeeming sacrifice, of pilgrimages to the tomb where he rose from the dead, even if these had to be carried out in clandestine fashion.

60. Josephus Aloysius Home Page josephus Aloysius Homepage. See our other sites Spirit of Prayer—The Day—TheWeavers josephus Aloysius is the personal web site of Joseph William Perry. http://www.spiritofprayer.com/josephusaloysius/

Josephus Aloysius Homepage The Richest Man in Town In the classic film, It's a Wonderful Life he really is the richest man in town. He didn't, of course, arrive at this realization quickly or easily but through great pain and confusion. Truth be told, that is where we are most of the time ...fighting for meaning and significance like George. But there is no answer; I will never measure up so I try to ignore it. My friends say, "don't waste your time with this melancholy, Joe, it's not worth it." I listen to them respectfully and go away quietly. Now go back with me to George Bailey and Bedford Falls, to the part of the story where the townspeople, almost in a panic, crowded into Bailey Bros. Building and Loan to get their money. George had his honeymoon money but he knew that would not cover the demand for withdrawals. Remember what he said to the unreasonable man who demanded his entire balance? Your money is not here in the vault, my friend. It's in Bert's house and Ernie's house; it's in Mr. Martini's house. Your money went to build their homes and their money went to build yours. Now how much do you really need to get by? (Source of quote: an inexact memory) And who are we that we should demand such an accounting? And from who shall we demand it? From God, from friends, from the business community or our church? And do we really want to withdraw it all? I don't think so. That would close our account and end the relationship. Besides, our houses aren't finished yet and are certainly in no condition to put on the market.

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