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Originally published in 1913.This volume from the Cornell University Library's print collections was scanned on an APT BookScan and converted to JPG 2000 format by Kirtas Technologies.All titles scanned cover to cover and pages may include marks notations and other marginalia present in the original volume. ... Read more

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Wallis was one of the most original mathematicians of the seventeenth century and he left his mark on mathematics in many ways. He introduced arithmetical limits into mathematics (his famous infinite-product expression for $\pi$ is an example). His researches (for example, the means whereby he obtained the aforementioned product) led directly to Newton's work on the binomial theorem and quadratures. He was the first to see the significance of fractional and negative exponents, and he is responsible for the introduction of such symbols as $\infty$ and such terms as hypergeometric series. He was very influential politically, very quarrelsome, and at the center of the scientific life of his time (for instance, it was owing to his advice that the Gregorian calendar was not introduced earlier into England, as he did not like the Pope). This second edition includes Foreword by E. N. da C. Andrade, a Bibliography and an Index. ... Read more

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And The Mayor And Police Commissioners Of Baltimore, In 1861. ... Read more

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This volume is produced from digital images created through the University of Michigan University Library's preservation reformatting program. The Library seeks to preserve the intellectual content of items in a manner that facilitates and promotes a variety of uses. The digital reformatting process results in an electronic version of the text that can both be accessed online and used to create new print copies. This book and thousands of others can be found in the digital collections of the University of Michigan Library. The University Library also understands and values the utility of print, and makes reprints available through its Scholarly Publishing Office. ... Read more

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Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "John Wallis," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have John Wallis in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with John Wallis when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This "data dump" results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name John Wallis, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under "fair use" conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain. ... Read more

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This volume gives a fascinating account of the correspondence of John Wallis, who was a central figure in the scientific revolution in 17th century England.The text gives a unique insight into cultural and political developments in this time period, against the background of the Civil War and the Commonwealth. ... Read more

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John Wallis (1616-1703) was the most influential English mathematician prior to Newton.  He published his most famous work, Arithmetica Infinitorum, in Latin in 1656.  This book studied the quadrature of curves and systematised the analysis of Descartes and Cavelieri.  Upon publication, this text immediately became the standard book on the subject and was frequently referred to by subsequent writers.  This will be the first English translation of this text ever to be published.

Customer Reviews (2)

Infinite series and Wallis's product formula
From Stedall's introduction: "In De sectionibus conicis, Wallis found algebraic formulae for the parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, thus liberating them, as he so aptly expressed it, from 'the embranglings of the cone'. His purpose in doing so was ultimately to find a general method of quadrature (or cubature) of curved spaces, a promise held out in De sectionibus conicis and taken up at length in the Arithmetica infinitorum ... Wallis's major contribution to the development of seventeenth-century mathematics was perhaps, as he himself recognized, the transformation of geometric problems to the summation of arithmetic sequences. Many of the results demonstrated by Wallis were already well known but, as he repeatedly pointed out, his aim was to establish a method by which those results, and others, could be systematically obtained ... From his startingpoint of simple powers, he could easily handle sums (or differences) of sequences, and hence eventually quadratures of any curve of the form y=(1-x^(1/p))^q provided p and q were integers. But because his ultimate aim was the quadrature of the circle, the curve he was really interested in was y=(1-x^2)^(1/2) ... In what was perhaps the one real stroke of genius in Walli's long mathematical career, he saw how to complete his [solution] by a method now set out in Proposition 191, and so arrived at his infinite fraction for 4/pi", namely 3*3*5*5*7*7*.../2*4*4*6*6*8*...

So what was this "one real stroke of genius"? Well, to find pi we need to integrate (1-x^2)^(1/2). Today we would feel like using the binomial series expansion, but this is not available to Wallis so he more or less has to invent it. The binomial series expansion for an integer exponent is of course given by Pascal's triangle, but to expand things like (1-x^2)^(1/2) we need a corresponding "fractional entry" sitting between two lines in Pascal's triangle. We don't know what that entry should be, but remember that we can integrate (1-x^(1/p))^q, which can be interpreted as a fractional entry in Pascal's triangle. So we do this for a bunch of integers p and q to get an enlarged Pascal's triangle with fractional entries and then use ordinary properties of Pascal's triangle extended to the fractional setting to deduce the value for the entry we want.

A historical juwel
If you want to study mathematics, in particular rational numbers, concepts of infinity and relation with geometry, this book is not very effective, be it only for the tedious style of formulation.
But when you look at the book from its historical importance and understanding of the mathematical reasoning in the 17th century, this book is to be considered as a masterpiece, or (why not) a collectors item.
The book is a translation from latin and is further complemented with an introduction by Dr Stedall, helping a lot to put the work in the right frame of its importance, that a Geometrical problem is reduced to a pure arithmetic problem.
The text also illustrates, some of the shortcuts taken in that period of history, such as the concept of proof by induction.
I do not intend to read the book from start to end, but I am regularly studying one chapter, to immerse myself in the reasoning at that time. I can not stop to be amused and amazed by the way John Wallis contempories are corresponding with each other.
What to think about "To the most Distinguished and Worthy gentleman and most Skilled Mathematician Dr William Oughtred..."
This book gets four stars, and I would give six stars if there would be a mapping for each proposition into modern language.
The book is expensive, as all these type of books, but its worth the money.
... Read more

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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process.We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide.We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

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Customer Reviews (6)

Let others vainly try t'immure The Circle in the Quadrature!
This book examines the ongoing (1655-1680) conflict between Thomas Hobbes and Oxford's Savilian Professor of Mathematics, John Wallis, over the squaring of the circle and related problems of Euclidian geometry. To the end of his long life, Hobbes asserted that he had succeeded in squaring the circle, and Wallis refuted him again and again. This "war" extended beyond mathematics, to each man's religious beliefs and politics.

What interested me most immediately was the cast: the people involved and their intellectual and personal relationships. Hobbes' first public involvement with squaring the circle was his intervention in the dispute between the Danish mathematician Longoburg (Longomontanus) and John Pell. Interestingly, Hobbes demonstrated that Pell was correct in rejecting Longomontanus's claim to having squared the circle. Pell was author of an essay regarding establishment of a library of mathematical books and instruments. That essay was published as an appendix to his friend John Dury's The Reformed Librarian. Pell and Dury were part of the Hartlib circle, as was Theodor Haak, who reported Hobbes' role in the Pell/Longomontanus dispute to John Aubrey. After that we see Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society, asking Hobbes to make up a list of mathematical texts. Presumably, the list was for Robert Boyle. In 1658 we find Thomas White and Kenelm Digby carrying communications between Fermat and Fenicle de Bessey in France and Lord Brouncker and Wallis in England. White, a Jesuit, had headed the English College at Douai; he had engaged Hobbes in debate over Galileo's Dialogues, and, at the end of a long life of intellectual distinction, he was caught up in the Popish Plot fabricated by Simon Oates. Etc.

It's worth describing the problem of squaring the circle, because it accounts for so much. Simply put: can a square be constructed that has the same area as a given circle, or vice versa? The key to the answer is in the word "constructed." By means of certain curves, such a square or circle can be defined. But those curves cannot be constructed using the classical instruments: ruler and compasses. Essentially, we're dealing with the transcendental character of pi, something that wasn't proved mathematically until the early 19th century.

Jesseph asks the question: Why did Hobbes insist so long, to the end of his life, that he had squared the circle? Wallis refuted him again and again, but Hobbes hung on like a snapping turtle. Answering the question opens a window on the political, philosophical, social, and mathematical developments of the time. To summarize: Hobbes's materialist philosophy brought him to support Isaac Barrow in Barrow's contention with Wallis over the primacy of geometry over arithmetic. These were the two components of classical mathematics, geometry dealing with continuous quantities and arithmetic with discrete. Barrow held that geometry was primary because it dealt with real physical reality, like distances and area, whereas numbers were abstractions: 1, 2, 3, etc. are concepts drawn from one egg, two brothers, three ships, and the like.

Hobbes' Erastianism--his contention in Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil that the king should be ruler over the religion of his subjects--placed him on the side of the Independents (congregationalists) against the Presbyterians in Protectorate religious politics. Hobbes, himself an atheist, felt that the Independents could more easily be brought to heel by the King than could the Presbyterians. Wallis was a Presbyterian, had even been Secretary of the Westminster Assembly. Hobbes shared with the educational reformer John Webster and the Independent preacher William Dell a mistrust of the universities as temples to the scholasticism deriving from Aquinas. Wallis and his friend Seth Ward, Savilian Professor of Astronomy, were both actively involved in defending the universities from these attacks.

Of particular interest is the first of these issues. The debate between geometry and arithmetic came to the fore at this time because the distinction between the two was breaking down. Descartes (1637) and then Viete (1646) had defined analytical geometry. Napier (1614) had derived the logarithm from his work on the geometrical problem of the parallax. Cavalieri (1635) developed a "method of indivisibles": parallel slices of a geometric figure which, taken together, define the figure. Where this all is going, it seems to us in Whiggish hindsight, is toward notions of infinity, infinite series, and Newton's calculus.

To conclude, the fact that Hobbes persisted so long in his claims is certainly less important than that after 1670 he was no longer taken seriously as a mathematician, except insofar as Wallis took the time and effort to refute him in the Transactions of the Royal Society.

I'll close by noting that Jesseph responds to Shapin and Schaffer, who, in their Leviathan and the Air-Pump, make "the success or failure of a scientific research program entirely independent of the truth or falsehood of the program's central claims." Jesseph calls their approach Wittgensteinian, but it was recognized when the book came out as post-modernist radicalism: science as pure social construct, without necessary basis in either the physical world or agreed canons of reason and method.

Calvin(ism) and Hobbs
On the surface, this book seems an unlikely candidate for my enthusiasm. It appears to be 500 pages of minutia. In fact, the author starts out by saying it is an expansion of a footnote to an early work on the relatively obscure Calvinist mathematician Wallis. How perfectly academic! If that doesn't put the book out of reach, look forward to reading about 1000 footnotes.

Regardless, I think this a great book. Once I got comfortable with the terms, I realized this might be construed as something much more interesting than the traditional 'discovery' of mathematical truths. I'm still not exactly sure how to characterize it, but I'm having fun thinking it a history of science fiction. After all, 'squaring the circle' is the 17th century equivalent to predicting the winner of the Kentucky Derby or tomorrow's change in the Dow Jones Industrials. I may be stretching a bit here, but there is clearly more on the plate than justifying 17th century mathematic revolutions with apples falling on the head of a reclining Newton.

Rather than placing the subject matter in purely mathematical terms, Jesseph considers his material in a wider context, one that makes room for Restoration style science fiction. Keep in mind that Newton's alchemy was an early form of teleportation and the monads of Leibnitz took advantage of an early warp drive. Despite overtly humiliating Hobbs for his mathematical errors, its clear that Jesseph finds Hobbs the ultimate winner. Hobbs suffers no more from his lapse of academic rigor than any contemporary science fiction author. And like Jules Verne, the spirit of his ideas has won if not his details. The political science advocated by Hobbs in Leviathan is hard to distinguish from contemporary standards. Hobbs advocated severely limiting the legal authority of church bishops, scientific materialism and the notion that good laws could produce a good society. Meanwhile, Wallis would be known as a dogmatic right-wing Christian fundamentalist. Further, most of us are convinced that science has 'solved' the problem of 'squaring the circle' which is all Hobbs was advocating, anyway.

And so, Jesseph does a subtle job of indicting my modern sensibility. Painting Hobbs to be the fool, he is actually pointing a finger at my happy secular humanism. Bravo!

So, why is squaring the circle so tricky?

In short, an attempt to find the circle which is exactly 1 square foot in area forces us to confront conflicting intuitions about how we prove the existence of 'real' objects. Try it out for yourself. It is something you can attempt with pencil and paper, or better... try it with a home computer. One of the great things about this book is that it lays out the mathematical issues clearly enough that anyone with high school algebra and maybe an ability to write an excel spreadsheet, can play the 17th century geometer and mathematician. I had a great time doing a 'quadrature' in Excel. If you are interested, I'll email you the spreadsheet (see users.htcomp.net/markmills).

In summary, I think Jessup's book fits into a broad, ongoing reappraisal of mathematical history. I can identify 3 trends, 'Squaring the circle belonging to the 3rd and most important of them:

1. Bringing non-western mathematics to western readers. The best of this is the ongoing research into ancient Chinese mathematics. See 'Chinese Mathematics: A Concise History', Li Yan, Du Shiran, John N. Crossley, Anthony W.-C. Lun, Shih-Jan Tu or 'Astronomy and Mathematics in Ancient China: The Zhou Bi Suan Jing', Christopher Cullen. In short, most of what the Europeans called 'new' math in the 1500s had been around for 500 years in China.

2. Finding a physiological basis for mathematic intuitions. Check out the cognitive research described by 'Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being', George Lakoff, Rafael E. Nunez, Rafael Nuñez. All you really need to read is the first chapter. The rest is rather speculative.

3. Reappraising the conventional myths about heroic ancient European mathematicians. Unless your ambition is a tenured job teaching the history of math, you will have a great time reading sensible inquiries into pre-modern western math. Take a look at 'Biographies of Scientific Objects , Lorraine Daston (Editor), or Pappus of Alexandria and the Mathematics of Late Antiquity, Serafina Cuomo.

Hobbes and Wallis: a dispute that uncovers divergent concept
One cannot help wondering why two scholars did engage in such a fiercely dispute for half of their intellectual life. John Wallis, Oxford's Savilian professor of geometry had no trouble in exposing time and again the mathematical short-commings in the preposterous claims of so ill equiped an amateur mathematician as Thomas Hobbes. But why was the battle so intense and why should it cover nearly a quarter of a century, producing hundreds of letters, books and publications? Even more bewildering is the fact that the subject of the debate, squaring the circle, was later proved to be impossible and that neither the claims of Hobbes nor the rebuttals of Wallis contributed anything significant to the field of mathematics. Fortunately, Douglas Jesseph provides adequate answers to these questions in this excellent work on 17th century history of mathematics. A study of these important controversies sheds light on the reform of mathematics in the 17th century and exposes the widely divergent philosophical conceptions of mathematics to which both antagonists adhered.

A first fundamental issue concerned Hobbes' materialistic foundation of mathematics where Wallis reasoned from the traditional account that mathematical facts do not depend on the structure of the material world. A second source of dispute was the completely different concept of ratios: Wallis defended that those ratios could only be applied to homogoneous quantities. Thirdly, the angle of contact between a circle and its tangent was a subject of wilful misunderstanding from the part of Wallis. Finally, the important 17th-century debate on infinitesimal small quantities was heavily criticised by Hobbes and although he did not develop an alternative, his objections to some of the obscurities of Wallis' arithmetic of infinities were well justified. These disputed foundations on the philosophy of mathematics were not the only sources of the irreconcilable conflict. Wallis and Hobbes also held opposing views on methodological issues such as the nature of demonstration and the centuries-old discussion on analytic and synthetic methods. For Hobbes all demonstration must arise from causes and as such he rejected techniques from algebra and analytic geometry in which one starts by assuming the truth of the proposition that is ultimately sought and deduces consequences from that assumption. In doing so he tossed aside the tools that might have helped him in his desperate attempt to make his mark as mathematician. Apart from diverging views on the fundaments of mathematics and methodological issues, religious and political positions play part in explaining the controversy. Wallis fitted neatly into the reformed tradition while Hobbes' religious opinions stood far apart. Hobbes was excluded from the newly established Royal Society for ideological and personal reasons and as such was deprived from a forum to respond to his critics. His political opinions and his vitriolic polemics at universities brought him into conflict with many important people and explain at least some of the vehemence with which the dispute was conducted. However, Jesseph refrains from pursueing sociological reductionist account and spends part of the last chapter convincingly demonstrating the inadequacy of a purely sociological explanation of the dispute. By uncovering the conceptual gulf dividing Hobbes and Wallis, Jesseph succeeds in demonstrating important differences in the philosophy of mathematics in the 17th century and explains why these two men engaged in such ferocious fight. Objectively, Hobbes miserably failed attempt at the solution of classic geometric problems makes him the loser of this dispute. But one can feel in this book also some sympathy for the consequent way in which Hobbes rigorously applied principles of his philosophy to mathematics and ultimately rejected classical geometry to avoid an even worse fate: the refutation of his own philosophy.

Vitriolic, Invective, and Spleen: A 17th Century Dispute
The book is not, as I thought from the main title, centered on themathematical issues. It is much more, and all the more enjoyable forproviding the political, religious, and personal background to thedispute.

It was an exciting and perilous time, as the book is set againstthe background of the English Civil War, as men struggled to stay on theright side of first the monarchy, then Cromwell's protectorate, and thenthe monarchy again. This gives Jesseph's book a deep and rich texture, andadds drama to what could have been -- in a less capable writer's hands -- adry discussion.

The last chapter brings in yet another aspect, as theauthor uses the Hobbes - Wallis debate to reflect into one of today'sacademic battles: Whether the results of science and mathematics arerelative, that is, a product of sociological factors -- or if they have astanding that is independent of those factors. Jesseph's point of view iswell-argued, and, for this reviewer, comes to the correct conclusion.

Poor Hobbes
Quite Good.Jesseph's well researched and well written book examines a famous episode in intellectual history and pronounces what must surely be the final word on the subject.Jesseph's scholarship is impressive (thefootnotes contain much interesting collateral material), and he handles thetechnical aspects of his subject well. While Jesseph is strong on thesocial and political aspects of the "war" between Hobbes andWallis, he clearly demonstrates that the vehemence of the dispute wasattributable to Hobbes' colossal mathematical ineptitude and his equallycolossal intransigence in refusing to acknowledge his crushing defeat. Whatever Hobbes' merits as a philosopher, his decades-long dispute withWallis does him little credit.As a man of letters Hobbes perhaps retainssome eminence; however any claim Hobbes may have as a serious thinker isfairly demolished by Wallis' savaging of Hobbes' mathematical pretensions,and Hobbes' increasingly desperate and ridiculous responses to thisthrashing.Jesseph tells this story thoroughly and with wit.He evenmakes one feel a bit of compassion for Hobbes in hismisguided andcatastrophic foray into Euclid's realm. Well done. ... Read more

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Here at last is a compelling and inspiring presentation of what determines how well we age--the results of the MacArthur Foundation Study of Aging in America, which show how to maintain optimum physical and mental strength throughout later life.

Research into aging has been revolutionized in the past ten years largely due to the MacArthur Study, which under the leadership of Drs. John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn created a network of leading research scientists from key fields to determine what aging actually involves. Rejecting the established approach of studying aging in terms of anticipated decline, these scientists set out to identify the factors that were enabling vast numbers of people to preserve and even enhance their mental and physical vitality in later life.

Successful Aging brings together the remarkable results of the study for the first time. They explode the myths about aging that have long shaped individual and institutional attitudes toward growing older, including the biggest myth of all: "The key to aging well is choosing your parents wisely." In fact, they discovered that lifestyle choices--more than genes--determine how well we age. Drs. Rowe and Kahn outline those vital choices, including changes in diet, types of exercise, mental stimulation, self-efficacy, and dynamic connections. These choices can make a difference no matter how late in life they are made. In addition, Drs. Rowe and Kahn include the latest research-based strategies to delay or prevent the common diseases of old age.

Society can also influence how we age. Drs. Rowe and Kahn detail innovative programs and policies that are enabling older men and women to stay healthy and to continue to contribute to their societies.

For all of us, the rewards of successful aging are great; this eye-opening work shows how they can be attained and enjoyed.


From the Hardcover edition.Amazon.com Review
This groundbreaking book should definitely help further the movement of what the authors call "a new gerontology." John Rowe, M.D., and Robert Kahn, Ph.D., both members of the MacArthur Foundation Research Network, thoroughly debunk the myth that aging has to be a painful process of debilitation. Their research has shown that the influence of genetics shrinks proportionately as you get older, while social and physical habits become increasingly integral to your state of health--both mental and physical. The 10 years' worth of research cited in Successful Aging reveal some flabbergasting facts about health in later life. For example, an inactive person is worse off, health-wise, than a smoker who exercises regularly. And your lifestyle and attitude are significantly more important than your genes in determining whether or not your golden years are healthy ones--even if you have a genetic predisposition for developing Alzheimer's, arthritis, cancer, or other serious health problems.

Rowe and Kahn start with a thorough breakdown of nutritional advice, including a rundown of the many vitamins and other nutrients that those older than 60 are in particular need of. They also detail the most important exercises for optimal functioning of body and mind, and analyze the benefits and risks of DHEA, melatonin, and tretinoin, while warning about snake-oil formulations that are now being marketed to the AARP set. There's also a thorough explanation of the importance of creativity and social connections--the research shows that, for the aging, strong social ties are even more important in preventing illness than genetic background. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (12)

Successful Aging
This book is not only helpful for us who are aging but for those who are giving care to aging relatives or friends. We are to keep going strong not giving up work, daily tasks, family and friend relationships until a "have to" situation occurs.There are helpful suggestions to our aging successfully.

Invaluable Advice
The fact that many of the suggestions may be intuitive, as one critic alleges, is irrelevent. Many people act contrary to their intuition out of laziness, depression or whatever. Positive reinforcemnt of classic truths could be of great help to such people and should not be trivialized or dismissed.

Such advice is plentiful in this invaluable book and not all of it is intuitive. One such is the statement that, even if you are in your nineties, it is not too late to begin weight training. Fortunately for me, I read this book soon after publication and am eternally thankful that, at the age of 76, I go to a gym several times weekly and run regularly. While x-rays show me to be racked with osteoarthritis I am asymptomatic.

I consider "Successful Aging" a must read.

Excellent book!
This book was used in teaching a class for senior adults about effective aging.It was most helpful and easy to understand.

New perspective
Easy reading in simple language.Encouraging and uplifting.I love how it details the connection between social inter-actions and quality of life. Really good advice for maintaining independence in old age from a physical and mental perspective.Best of all, there is no pressure to rush out and make special purchases.I am getting copies as gifts for siblings - worth reading.

Successful Aging
I stumbled upon the book strictly by accident and ended up paying full list price at Barnes and Noble.After seeing the really great prices on Amazon, I reluctently sat down to read a few chapters to try and get my monies worth.Wow.To say the book was enlightening would be to offer a dis-service to the multi-year McArthur Foundation Study.I picked up a few things from the book that most readers will not and that is basic assumptions that Private Foundations and Private Research gathers far more information about a subject than Government sponsored projects.It occured to me that Government has pretty muched screwed up Social Security as well as providing for long term health care in America.Successful Aging gives an alternative to spending your final years in a Nursing Home.The book is very well thought through, well researched and backed up with countless citations that give credit where credit is due. I found the book an enjoyable read, almost a primer.After reading this book, I ordered out about three hundred dollars worth of additional books on aging.That should tell you something.By the way, I ordered another copy of the book in out of print library edition to add to my collection.Great Book!Great Read!Don't get old without it! ... Read more

Product Description
Publisher: London, G. Bell and sons, ltd.Publication date: 1913Notes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes.When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more

Product Description
This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words.This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ... Read more