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Kapitel: Claude Elwood Shannon, Emanuel Goldberg, Harald H. Zimmermann, Rainer Kuhlen, Gernot Wersig, Gerard Salton, George Kingsley Zipf, Wolfgang Ratzek, Edward Tufte, Paul Otlet, Horst Völz, S. R. Ranganathan, Alvin M. Weinberg, Hans Peter Luhn, Helmar Frank, Léon Brillouin, Eugene Garfield, Rolf Landauer, Peter Elias, Ursula Georgy, Wolfgang Ehrenberger, Josef Herget, Walther Umstätter, Peter Lyman, Caja Thimm, Calvin Mooers, Michael Florent Van Langren, Rafael Capurro, Ralph Hartley, Hans-Christoph Hobohm, Klaus Henning, Warren Weaver, Rainer Hammwöhner, Miroslav Tuđman, Gottfried Ungerböck, Irving Stoy Reed, Mortimer Taube, Wolf Rauch, Peter Ingwersen, Tom Stonier, Edwin H. Colpitts, Mike Thelwall, Howard D. White, Lennart Björneborn. Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 - February 24, 2001), an American mathematician and electronic engineer, is known as "the father of information theory". Shannon is famous for having founded information theory with one landmark paper published in 1948. But he is also credited with founding both digital computer and digital circuit design theory in 1937, when, as a 21-year-old master's student at MIT, he wrote a thesis demonstrating that electrical application of Boolean algebra could construct and resolve any logical, numerical relationship. It has been claimed that this was the most important master's thesis of all time. Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan. His father, Claude Sr (1862-1934), a descendant of early New Jersey settlers, was a businessman and for a while, Judge of Probate. His mother, Mabel Wolf Shannon (1890-1945), daughter of German immigrants, was a language teacher and for a number of years principal of Gaylord High School, Michigan. The first sixteen years of Shannon's life were spent in Gaylord, Michigan, where he attended public school, graduating from Gaylord High School in 1932. Shannon showed an inclination towards m...http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In cryptography, an S-Box (Substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext ? Shannon's property of confusion. In many cases, the S-Boxes are carefully chosen to resist cryptanalysis. In general, an S-Box takes some number of input bits, m, and transforms them into some number of output bits, n: an m×n S-Box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key; e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (3)

best tolearn SIMAN
Even if SIMAN is not used generally in todays world as a simulation tool, companies prefer ARENA. If you think to be well in ARENA, you may want to learn its real phenomenia under this program, which is called as SIMAN, simulation programming languages. I especially recommend this book as an introductory level. (senior in BS or pre-graduate)

A nice user guide for SIMAN, a reasonable book for getting t
Systems Modeling produced this book to learn people more about simulationand SIMAN in particular. The general introduction to simulation seems to beincluded to hide the commercial goal of the book. The book is a nice formof a user guide for the out dated language SIMAN, but the first threechapters try to hard to add any generic value. A much better book is'Simulation with Arena' by Kelton. The goal of that book is exactly thesame (enlarge sales), but the generic part is of more value also for thenot Arena user

Good for SIMAN, not so good for Simulation
Here is the book that we used in Simulation undergrad class.As the title said, using Siman. To me, it's ok for "using SIMAN", but not enough for simulation concept. If you want to use SIMAN, buy this book. Ifyou want to know simulation in details, get "Simulation Modeling andAnalysis"(ISBN 0070366985). SIMAN becomes Arena interface now.If you"just" want to use Simulation for your problem using Siman withArena interface, grasp this book "0075612593".Kelton wrote itwith lots of tutorial! ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Michigan Academician, published by Michigan Academy of Science Arts & Letters on January 1, 2008. The length of the article is 596 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: History of science & technology.
Author: Gale Reference Team
Publication: Michigan Academician (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2008
Publisher: Michigan Academy of Science Arts & Letters
Volume: 38Issue: 4Page: 75(2)

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Gale Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 716 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.Provides access to the world of Internet commerce and addresses the concerns of those who want to join the ranks of the Internet business community. Presents answers to common questions about website development, financing, advertising, and more. Features essays covering topics and terms, profiles of the top e-commerce companies, biographies of e-commerce innovators, and coverage of events and legislation related to e-commerce. ... Read more

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This treasure of popular science by the Russian biophysicist Mikhail V. Volkenstein is at last, more than twenty years after its appearance in Russian, available in English translation.

As its title Entropy and Information suggests, the book deals with the thermodynamical concept of entropy and its interpretation in terms of information theory. The author shows how entropy is not to be considered a mere shadow of the central physical concept of energy, but more appropriately as a leading player in all of the major natural processes: physical, chemical, biological, evolutionary, and even cultural.

The theory of entropy is thoroughly developed from its beginnings in the foundational work of Sadi Carnot and Clausius in the context of heat engines, including expositions of much of the necessary physics and mathematics, and illustrations from everyday life of the importance of entropy.

The author then turns to Boltzmann's epoch-making formula relating the entropy of a system directly to the degree of disorder of the system, and to statistical physics as created by Boltzmann and Maxwell---and here again the necessary elements of probability and statistics are expounded. It is shown, in particular, that the temperature of an object is essentially just a measure of the mean square speed of its molecules.

``Fluctuations" in a system are introduced and used to explain why the sky is blue, and how, perhaps, the universe came to be so ordered. Whether statistical physics reduces ultimately to pure mechanics, as ``Laplace's demon" would have it, is also discussed.

The final three chapters concentrate on open systems, that is, systems which exchange energy or matter with their surroundings---first linear systems close to equilibrium, and then non-linear systems far from equilibrium. Here entropy, as it figures in the theory of such systems developed by Prigogine and others, affords explanations of the mechanism of division of cells, the process of aging in organisms, and periodic chemical reactions, among other phenomena.

Finally, information theory is developed---again from first principles---and the entropy of a system characterized as absence of information about the system. In the final chapter, perhaps the pièce de résistance of the work, the author examines the thermodynamics of living organisms in the context of biological evolution. Here the ``value of biological information" is discussed, linked to the concepts of complexity and irreplaceability. The chapter culminates in a fascinating discussion of the significance of these concepts, all centered on entropy, for human culture, with many references to particular writers and artists.

The book is recommended reading for all interested in physics, information theory, chemistry, biology, as well as literature and art.

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In 1956 two Bell Labs scientists discovered the scientific formula for getting rich. One was mathematician Claude Shannon, neurotic father of our digital age, whose genius is ranked with Einstein's. The other was John L. Kelly, Jr., a Texas-born, gun-toting physicist. Together they applied the science of information theory-the basis of computers and the Internet-to the problem of making as much money as possible, as fast as possible.

Shannon and MIT mathematician Edward O. Thorp took the "Kelly formula" to the roulette and blackjack tables of Las Vegas. It worked. They realized that there was even more money to be made in the stock market, specifically in the risky trading known as arbitrage. Thorp used the Kelly system with his phenomenonally successful hedge fund Princeton-Newport Partners. Shannon became a successful investor, too, topping even Warren Buffett's rate of return and using his wealth to drop out of the scientific world. Fortune's Formula traces how the Kelly formula sparked controversy even as it made fortunes at racetracks, casinos, and trading desks. It reveals the dark side of this alluring scheme, which is founded on exploiting an insider's edge. The cast of character spans J. Edgar Hoover, Rudolph Giuliani, Michael Milken and Warren Buffett; Hollywood producers, Wall Street crooks, snarky Nobel Laureates, and the Jewish mob.

Fortune's Formula explores a new and surprising side to the Shannon legacy. Based in part on Shannon's previously unseen personal records as well as interviews with both of Shannon's wives, Thorp, and many others, it is the first full-length treatment of a subject that is changing ideas about finance. Claude Shannon believed it was possible for a smart investor to beat the market - and Fortune's Formula will convince you he was right.Amazon.com Review
Fortune's Formula is a fascinating study of the connections between such seemingly unrelated topics as gambling, information theory, stock investing, and applied mathematics. The story involves the stunning brainpower of men such as MIT professor Claude Shannon, who single-handedly invented information theory, the science behind the Internet and all digital media; Ed Thorpe; and John Kelly of Bell Laboratories, who developed the "Kelly criterion," a now-legendary investment strategy for maximizing growth while controlling risk. Initially, Shannon and Thorpe took Kelly's theory to Las Vegas and applied it to roulette and blackjack. Later, they took it to Wall Street and cleaned up--Shannon made a personal fortune while Thorpe created the highly successful hedge firm Princeton-Newport Partners. They both discovered that Kelly's system was particularly effective when applied to arbitrage (minute price differences that result from market inefficiencies). As Poundstone ably demonstrates, the merits of Kelly's criterion are still hotly debated today.

Poundstone has a tendency to meander in his writing, but his asides are so revealing and interesting that they add, rather than detract, from the narrative. The book also includes a cast of fascinating and colorful characters as varied as Ivan Boesky, Warren Buffet, Rudolph Giuliani, and notorious mobsters such as Bugsy Siegel and Meyer Lansky.In explaining the lasting impact of the work done by Shannon, Thorpe, and Kelly, Poundstone even explains Kelly's system for those wishing to follow his formula, offering readers both theoretical and practical lessons. Whether viewed as a how-to guide or straight scientific and financial history, Fortune's Formula proves an entertaining and illuminating analysis of "the most successful gambling system of all time." --Shawn Carkonen ... Read more

Customer Reviews (64)

One of the all-time great books on trading, gambling vs. investing, and money management
Absolutely excellent in most every way, Fortune's Formula is top of its class in explicating and assimilating theories on the stock market,statistics, money management, gambling vs. investing, inventing the internet (before Al G. was born!), and just thinking intelligently in general. The Kelly Criterion is still used by many top hedge fund criminals, I mean managers, to various degrees, depending on their risk tolerance---and if it's all OPM (other people's money), then their tolerance is high and it's the full Kelly, all the way!

If you have ANY interest in these things at all, and you wouldn't be reading this if you didn't, just go ahead and devour this tome with relish (or BBQ sauce). I rarely recommend any book without qualms, but Poundstone delivers the goods so well here it's a no-brainer.

Thorp, Shannon and Kelly are incredibly vital, fascinating characters, better than fiction, and are done justice by both the fine writing and the author's grasp of how all their heads and tales and equations came together to make Wall Street and Vegas history. This book to me was as gripping as most any action thriller. It's a wild adventure of three world-class minds tackling people and numbers and trying to make it all add up, and succeeding beyond their wildest dreams. There's peaks, valleys, joys, hubris, and way more fun than any blurb or review can hint at. There are also many many tangential tales of mobsters such as J. Edgar Hoover that shed much light on how our economic system is exploited by its gate-keepers.

I've read a zillion books on all of the subjects listed above for over four decades, and this ranks among the very best.

Unhesitatingly recommended. Enjoy!

Fortune's Formula: The Untold Story...
Very interesting history of how brilliant people apply their insight & knowledge to beating the casinos and Wall Street. Amazing how simple some of the ideas are. Shows that in many cases there is little difference between betting and investing.

Gamblers, gangsters and scientists
This is a well-written and exciting account of the 'Kelly criterion' as used in gambling and investing, and the story about the scientists and gangsters that invented it and put it to use.

I enjoyed reading this book very much and recommend it to anyone interested in either gambling or investing. As a scientist / investor myself I found it to be a most refreshing read.

You will not learn how to apply the Kelly criterion from reading this book but it will inspire you to pursue the subject.

An interesting history, no math
Poundstone does not know from math, but the book's portraits of Thorp and Shannon (two foundational figures in different fields) are quite interesting. What is also interesting is his discussion of "academic dogma vs reality", which shows that economics is much more "social" than a "science" (with scary consequences for our health and wellbeing, since our fearless leaders (eg, Bernanke and Summers) are academic economists.

The Kelly formula itself, while interesting, is of dubious utility in the stock market, except as a philosophical guideline.

Kelly formula for calculating investment bets
I picked up this book because Mohnish Pabrai, the author of The Dhandho Investor, recommended it. The author describes the Kelly Formula that was developed by John Kelly at Bell Labs in New Jersey and applied by the individuals featured in the book. The formula calculates the optimal fraction of one's bankroll to bet on a favorable bet.

Edge/Odds = Fraction of one's bankroll to bet each time

For example, if you have a 50% chance of winning $100, and 50% chance of losing $50, how much do you bet? According to the formula, your edge = (50% x $100) + (50% x - $50) = $25. The odds are what you win, which in this case is $100. So the Kelly Formula is $25/$100 = 25%. This means that under this scenario, you bet 25% of your bankroll.

This is an interesting book and I recommend it to other readers.

- Mariusz Skonieczny, author of Why Are We So Clueless about the Stock Market? Learn how to invest your money, how to pick stocks, and how to make money in the stock market ... Read more