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Chapters: Ovid, Zhang Heng, Marcus Manilius, Lucan, Statius, Pomponius Secundus, Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Silius Italicus, Sabinus, Lucilius Junior, Ban Gu, Albinovanus Pedo, Yang Xiong, Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus, Huan Tan, Caesius Bassus, Philippus of Thessalonica, Nicarchus, Thallus, Saleius Bassus, Lucillius, Clutorius Priscus, Lollius Bassus, Bianor. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 125. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first s...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Sima Qian, Zhang Heng, Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Kong Rong, Cai Wenji, Wang Can, Ban Gu, Jia Yi, Huan Tan, Consort Ban, Sima Xiangru, Cui Yuan, Zhuo Wenjun. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 105. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition to documenting about...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, Kenneth Hsu, Su Song, Song Yingxing, Roger Y. Tsien, List of Modern Scientists From Zhejiang, Chao Yuen Ren, Ma Jun, Wo Weihan, Zhang Sixun, Chien Wei-Zang, Xie Xuejing, Weng Wenhao, List of Modern Scientists From Shanghai, Li Shu-Hua, Wei Pu, Tan Jiazhen, Cai Wen, Hsien Wu, Zhao Jiuzhang, Pei Wenzhong, Ouyang Ziyuan, Yao Zhen, Zheng Ji, Ye Duzheng, Chen Ziyuan, Ren Mei'e, Yang Zhongjian, Coching Chu, Wang You, Yingjie Jay Guo, Robert C. T. Lee, Yang Fuyu, Jiang Ximing, He Xiantu, Ba Denian, Jia Lanpo, Shao Xianghua, Ding Zhongli, Li Sanli, Shoukai Wang, Liu Gaolian, York Liao, Ye Peijian, Li Siguang, Gao Zhan, Chen Hang, Cai Xitao, Shi Yafeng, Xiangzhong Yang, Pan Jiazheng, Tong Dizhou, Sun Jiadong, Chang Chi-Yun, Sun Laiyan, Hongjia Huang, Zhao Xijin, Wang Yongzhi, Sun Jinliang, Zhuang Shonglin, Chen Xing, Bangxing Zhou, Wu Mengchao, Wang Zhongcheng, Yuanzhang Liu, Zhou Guozhi, Zhu S-H, Jiamo Fu, Xiaobo Yu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 295. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reform...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Wang Zhen, Otto J. M. Smith, Zhu Yu, Philip J. Dolan, Technical Writer, Jim Butterfield, Charles Edge, Michael Bartosh, Kirk Paul Lafler, Ralph Kimball, Kalen Delaney, Samuel Glasstone, Arek Dreyer, Joe Celko, Leonard Rudling, Jim Oldfield. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 145. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's measurement of the distance between the polestar and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Ptolemy, Zhang Heng, Kong Rong, Cai Wenji, Straton of Sardis, Babrius, Oppian, Mesomedes, Publius Annius Florus, Cui Yuan, Marcellus of Side, Admetus. Excerpt:Admetus (Gr. ) was a Greek epigrammatist who lived in the early part of the second century. One line of his is preserved by Lucian . References (URLs online) This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870). A hyperlinked version of this chapter is at Babrius was the author of a collection of fables written in Greek . Practically nothing is known of him. He is supposed to have been a Roman, whose gentile name was possibly Valerius, living in the East, probably in Syria , where the fables seem first to have gained popularity. The address to "a son of King Alexander" has caused much speculation, with the result that dates varying between the 3rd century BC and the 3rd century AD have been assigned to Babrius. The Alexander referred to may have been Alexander Severus (AD 222 235), who was fond of having literary men of all kinds about his court. "The son of Alexander" has further been identified with a certain Branchus mentioned in the fables, and it is suggested that Babrius may have been his tutor; probably, however, Branchus is a purely fictitious name. There is no mention of Babrius in ancient writers before the beginning of the 3rd century AD. As appears from surviving papyrus fragments, his work is to be dated before ca 200 AD (and probably not much earlier, for his language and style seem to show that he belonged to that period). In the first century BC, Indian philosopher Syntipas translated Babrius' work into Syriac , from where Andreopulos translated it back to Greek, since original Greek scripts had all been lost. The first critic ... ... Read more

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Chapters: Zheng He, Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Li Jifu, Jia Dan, Pei Xiu, Yishiha, Chinese Geography, Zhou Daguan, Liu An, Yi-Fu Tuan, Xu Xiake, Bin Jiang, Fan Chengda, Li Daoyuan, Gu Yanwu, Wong How Man, Chang Chi-Yun, Cheng-Siang Chen, Yu Qin. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 167. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's measurement of the distance between the polestar and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe for another f...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition to documenting about 2,500 stars in his extensive star catalogue, Zhang also posited theories about the Moon and its relationship to the Sun; specifically, he discussed the Moon's sphericity, its illumination by reflec... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Karl Benz, James Watt, Rudolf Diesel, George Stephenson, Zhang Heng, Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, Joseph Whitworth, Marc Isambard Brunel, John Ericsson, Su Song, Al-Jazari, Frederick Winslow Taylor, James Cudworth, Frederick Mills, Bill Nye, Henry A. Schade, Ayodele Awojobi, Linus Yale, Jr., Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi, J. Edward Anderson, Max Bentele, Yi Xing, G. P. "Bud" Peterson, Du Shi, Herbert Akroyd Stuart, Willis Carrier, Henry Gantt, Oliver Bulleid, Samuel Bentham, Bahgat G. Sammakia, Harl Vincent, Calvin Mackie, Ma Jun, Nigel Gresley, Ravi Grover, Richard Roberts, André Chapelon, Carl Von Linde, John Penn, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, Edward Thompson, Vincent Raven, James Stirling, Zhang Sixun, Satish Dhawan, George Jackson Churchward, Dugald Drummond, George Julius, Fazle Hussain, Nathaniel Wyeth, D. Lewis Mingori, Henry Fowler, Chadwell O'connor, Robert Riddles, Charles Beyer, Ferdinand P. Beer, Arthur Claude Ruge, Gustaf de Laval, Francis Webb, Ben-Ami Kadish, Carlos Fernández-Pello, Oscar J. Zuniga, Richard V. Southwell, Daniel Gooch, William Stanier, Salim Al-Hassani, Masayoshi Tomizuka, Gustav Zeuner, Erasmus Darwin Leavitt, Jr., Bowman Malcolm, Maxime Faget, Ralph Carpenter, Owen Saunders, Prosper L'orange, Joseph Henry Keenan, Philippe le Bon, Derman Christopherson, William Gurstelle, Seth Lloyd, Ernest E. Baguley, Robert Whitelegg, Henry R. Towne, Ascher H. Shapiro, John G. Robinson, Andrea Pininfarina, Franz Reuleaux, Vahid Motevalli, Frederick Hawksworth, Henri Giffard, William Kelly Wallace, Charles Fairburn, Brian Whitesell, Ernest Lemon, Edward Butler, George Tosh, Csaba Csere, Talat Masood, Matthias N. Forney, Lerch Bates, William Kirtley, Henry T. Yang, Frederick Bramwell, Ferdinand Schichau, Matthew Stirling, Paul Haenlein, Robert Henry Thurston, Hans Scherenberg, Edward Schildhauer, R. J. Billinton, Archibald Sturrock, Niklaus Riggenbach, John Barton, Sergei Tumansky, Sanjay Sarma, H. P. M. Beames, Geo...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Guan Yu, Liu Bei, Huang Zhong, Zhang Fei, Gan Ning, Jia Xu, Huang Zu, Wang Can, Liu Biao, Zhang Xiu, Mi Heng, Huo Jun, Cai Mao, Liu Cong, Han Xuan, Liu Qi, Yi Ji, Li Yan, Wen Pin, Huang Chengyan, Liu Ba, Xiang Lang, Su Fei, Liu Pan, Kuai Yue, Kuai Liang, Zhang Yun, Jin Xuan, Liu Du, Lü Gong. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 127. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: 1. See General worship for more posthumous titles. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Guan ().Guan Yu (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Gun Y) was a general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of Shu Han, of which Liu Bei was the first emperor. As one of the best known Chinese historical figures throughout East Asia, Guan Yu's true life stories have largely given way to fictionalized ones, mostly found in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms or passed down the generations, in which his deeds and moral qualities have been lionized. Guan Yu is respected as the epitome of loyalty and righteousness. Guan Yu was deified as early as the Sui Dynasty and is still worshipped by some Chinese people today, especially in southern China and Hong Kong and their descendants overseas. He is a figure in Chinese folk religion, popular Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Buddhism, and small shrines to Guan Yu are almost ubiquitous in traditional Chinese shops and restaurants. Guan Yu is traditionally portrayed as a red-faced warrior with a long lush beard. While his beard was indeed mentioned in the Records of Three Kingdoms, the idea of his red face may have derived from a later description of him in Chapter One of th...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=240648 ... Read more

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Chapters: Taishi Ci, Liu Yao, Ze Rong, Xu Gong, Zhang Ying, Chen Heng, Fan Neng, Xue Li, Yu Mi. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 32. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Taishi Ci (166 206) was a military general of the Three Kingdoms period of China. He served several warlords, including Kong Rong, Liu Yao, and Sun Ce. Taishi Ci was born in Huangxian of the Donglai commandery (, presently the Shandong Province) where he studied hard, looked after his mother and was known throughout the province for his fealty, bravery, loyalty, and ingenuity. When Taishi Ci was twenty-one, he served as a low ranking official in the Donglai commandery. In 186, the Administrator of Donglai, Taishi Ci's superior, was at odds with his own superior, the provincial office of Qing province (). Both sent letters of complaints to Luoyang, the imperial capital, to directly voice their discontent against each other. However, the Han government by that time was so corrupt and weak that it was no longer capable of conducting a thorough and unbiased investigation on its own. Instead, the imperial court often made the decision based on whoever sent the news to the imperial court first, as the incompetent court assumed that the first one was usually the good one. The Administrator of Donglai learned that the provincial office had already sent his envoy to the imperial capital and he was obviously anxious, so the others recommended Taishi Ci to deliver their own letter of complaint to Luoyang, even if their adversary's envoy reached the capital first. Just before the city gate, Taishi Ci caught up with the provincial envoy. It was impossible to beat the opposite side and the use of force was out of question. Instead of competing with the envoy to deliver the letter to the imperial court, Taishi Ci confidently walked o...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=449400 ... Read more

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Zhang Heng, History of the Han Dynasty, Government of the Han Dynasty, Chinese literature, Society and culture of the Han Dynasty, Science and technology of the Han Dynasty, Chronology of computation of ?, Chinese astronomy, Chinese mathematics ... Read more