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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Web Conference, APWeb 2006, held in Harbin, China in January 2006.

The 56 revised full papers and 42 revised short papers presented together with 4 invited keynote papers, 6 industry papers, 19 demo papers, and 11 special papers on ICT advances for water resources management were carefully reviewed and selected from 413 submissions. The papers cover all current issues on WWW-related technologies and new advanced applications for researchers and practitioners from both academic and industry.

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Sima Guang, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Su Shi, Zhu Xi, Zheng Tan, Kang Youwei, Wang Tao, Lin Zexu, Kong Rong, Zhou Daguan, Shao Yong, Zhu Qinming, Yusuf Ma Dexin, Liu An, Tong Guan, Li M'ha Ong, Xu Jiyu, Wang Can, Dong Qichang, Xi Shengmo, Dong Zhongshu, Wang Guowei, Qian Qianyi, Fan Chengda, Wen Zhenheng, Zeng Gong, Zhao Mengfu, Liang Lingzan, Wei Yuan, Li Ling, Chen Lin, Dai Zhen, Cui Weiping, Wang Niansun, Hu Xiansu, Zhang Yanyuan, Wang Daiyu, Huang Gongwang, Fang Xiaoru, Weng Tonghe, Zhao Tingyang, He Changling, Jiang Qian, Xiang Lang, Li Ruiqing, Li Fang, Yan Ruoqu, Wu Cheng, Mou Rong. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 253. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: Sun Tzu, Zhang Heng, Kenneth Hsu, Cao Cao, Song Yingxing, Linghu Chu, Yuan Zhen, Ba Jin, Empress Zhangsun, Du You, Lai Junchen, Duan Wenchang, Wei Guanzhi, Wong Doc-Fai, Jiang Gaoming, Lung Ying-Tai, Chao Yuen Ren, Chen Shuda, Zhang Dai, Pei Guangting, Liang Shih-Chiu, Pei Zunqing, Liu Zhuan, Zhu Yu, Qu Qiubai, Yan Chongnian, Ma Jun, Wong Kiew Kit, Lu Yu, Gu Hongming, He Qinglian, Buwei Yang Chao, Xi Kang, Du Zuozhou, Xue Zongzheng, Wen Yiduo, Huan Tan, Cui Yuan, Yuan Cai, Mao Xinyu, Hu Feng, Hu Lancheng, Gong Zhen, Hsia Chih-Tsing, Xie Bingying, Song Ci, Liu Hsia, Hsiung Shih-I, Bianji, He Qifang, Chen Guidi, Song Qiang. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 267. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang a...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Cai Lun, Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Zhuge Liang, Wang Zhen, Hua Sui, Yi Xing, Du Shi, Ma Jun, Charles K. Bliss, Wan Laiming, Yuan Longping, Bi Sheng, Liang Lingzan, Yingjie Jay Guo, Wu Yulu, Hung-Chang Lin, Wan Brothers, Wan Guchan, Hongjia Huang, Wan Dihuan, Wan Chaochen, Christiaan Virant, Tang Zhongming, Tien-Lcheu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 172. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's measurement of the distance between the polestar and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses mo...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Zhang Heng, Gan De, Jing Fang, Liu Xin, Shi Shen, Gautama Siddha, Li Fan. Excerpt:Gan De (Chinese : ; Wade-Giles : Kan Te , fl. 4th century BC) was a Chinese astronomer /astrologer born in the State of Qi also known as the Lord Gan (Gan Gong). Along with Shi Shen , he is believed to be the first in history known by name to compile a star catalogue , preceded by the anonymous authors of the early Babylonian star catalogues and followed by the Greek Hipparchus who is the first known in the Western tradition to have compiled a star catalogue. Observations Gan De made some of the first detailed observations of Jupiter in recorded history. He described the planet as "very large and bright". Gan De is reported to have seen one of the moons of Jupiter (either Ganymede or Callisto ) with his naked eye in 364 BC, long before Galileo Galilei 's celebrated discovery of the same in 1610 (all four of the brightest moons are technically visible to the unaided eye, but in practice are normally hidden by the glare of Jupiter). By occluding Jupiter itself behind a high tree limb perpendicular to the satellites' orbital plane to prevent the planet's glare from obscuring them, one or more of the Galilean moons might be spotted in favorable conditions. However, he reported the color of the companion as reddish, which is puzzling since the moons are too faint for their color to be perceived with the naked eye. Shi and Gan together made fairly accurate observations of the five major planets. Planetary periodic comparisons Planet: Period: Predictions by Gan and Shi: Modern day calculation Celestial comparisons Shi Shen and Gan De divided the celestial sphere into 365 4°, as a tropical year has 365 4 days. At the time, most ancient astronomers adopted the Babylon division where the celestial sphere i... ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Hu Jintao, an Wang, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Zhuge Liang, Da-Wen Sun, Yi Xing, Ma Jun, Li Bing, Hsue-Chu Tsien, Zhang Sixun, Jeme Tien Yow, Tung Hua Lin, Lu Ban, Li Hsi-Mou, Mao Yisheng, M. T. Cheng, Wang Guosong, Li Shouheng, Hu Haichang, Lee Iu-Cheung, Liang Lingzan, Ximen Bao, Han Zhenxiang, Hu Qili, Yang Guanghua, Sunshu Ao, Shi Yuzhu, Cai Xiang, Li Enliang, Wang Tianpu, ni Weidou, Zhang Yulin, Yang Wei, Shao Xianghua, Li Guohao, Ye Peijian, Zhang Guangdou, Zhu Zhaoxiang, Zhang Libin, Li Kui, Pan Jiazheng, Lui Ming Wah, Weng Shilie, Chia J. Chu, Pan Yunhe, Zheng Guo, Sun Jinliang, Ge Honglin, Zhuang Shonglin, Zhu Wuhua, Yuanzhang Liu, Tang Zhongming, Zhou Guozhi, Song Wencong, Jiamo Fu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 251. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (fir...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: 70 Births, 71 Births, 72 Births, 75 Births, 76 Births, 78 Births, 79 Births, Hadrian, Zhang Heng, Menelaus of Alexandria, Emperor He of Han, Julia Balbilla, Demonax, Liu Qing, Theon of Smyrna, Marinus of Tyre, Chadae of Goguryeo, Ma Rong, Lucius Vipstanus Messalla, Wang Fu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 92. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi)...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Shen Kuo, Su Song, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Guo Shoujing, Wei Pu. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Shen Kuo (chinois : , pinyin : ), Shen K'uo, Shen Kua ou encore Shen Gua (Hangzhou, 1031 - Zhenjiang, 1095) est un scientifique polymathe chinois et un fonctionnaire gouvernemental sous la dynastie Song (960-1279). Homme d'esprit universel, il fut notamment géologue, astronome, mathématicien, cartographe, inventeur, météorologue, agronome, ethnographe, zoologiste, botaniste, ingénieur en hydraulique, pharmacologue, auteur encyclopédiste, poète, musicien, diplomate, général, chancelier académique, ministre des finances et inspecteur des services de l'État. Il fut également responsable du Bureau de l'Astronomie à la cour des Song, ainsi qu'adjoint du ministre de l'Hospitalité impériale. À la cour, son allégeance politique allait à la faction réformiste du « Groupe de nouvelles politiques », dirigée par le chancelier Wang Anshi ( ; 1021-1086). Dans son livre Mengxi Bitan () de 1088, Shen est le premier à décrire le compas à aiguille magnétique qui sera utilisé pour la navigation alors qu'en Europe, cette découverte ne sera décrite pour la première fois qu'en 1187 par Alexandre Neckam. Shen a aussi découvert le concept du « vrai Nord » en termes de déclinaison magnétique vers le pôle Nord, c'est-à-dire en découvrant qu'il existe une différence entre le pôle Nord géographique et le pôle Nord magnétique. Ce fut un pas décisif dans l'Histoire pour faire du compas un outil de navigation encore plus utile, alors que cette notion resta encore inconnue en Europe les quatre siècles suivants (Christophe Colomb). Parallèlement à son collègue Wei Pu (), Shen cartographie avec précision les chemins orbitaux de la...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Chapters: Confucius, Zhang Heng, Jin Shengtan, Disciples of Confucius, Liang Qichao, Xun Zi, Sun Ce, Zhu Xi, Mencius, Zhou Dunyi, Wang Fuzhi, Ch'ien Mu, Xiong Shili, Xi Shengmo, Tu Wei-Ming, Jia Yi, Hong Liangji, Lü Liuliang, Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, Zisi, Zengzi, Lai Zhide, Yen Yuan. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 164. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) a...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Ancient Chinese Astronomers, People of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Heng, List of People of the Three Kingdoms, Gan De, Jing Fang, Liu Xin, Shi Shen, Kebineng, Tadun, Gautama Siddha, Budugen, Qiuliju, Su Shuang, Zhang Shiping, Guo Yi, Gu Tan, Ehe Shaoge, Yong Kai, Louban, King Midang, Li Fan. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 108. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquak...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Science and Its Times, brought to you by Gale®, a part of Cengage Learning, a world leader in e-research and educational publishing for libraries, schools and businesses.The length of the article is 503 words.The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase.You can view it with any web browser.The histories of science, technology, and mathematics merge with the study of humanities and social science in this interdisciplinary reference work. Essays on people, theories, discoveries, and concepts are combined with overviews, bibliographies of primary documents, and chronological elements to offer students a fascinating way to understand the impact of science on the course of human history and how science affects everyday life. Entries represent people and developments throughout the world, from about 2000 B.C. through the end of the twentieth century. ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhu Shijie, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Shen Kuo, Shing-Tung Yau, Guo Shoujing, Xu Guangqi, Yi Xing, Shiing-Shen Chern, Liu Hui, Li Zhi, Chia-Chiao Lin, Yang Hui, Li Chunfeng, Jing Fang, Pao Ming Pu, Feng Kang, Ky Fan, Hao Wang, Chen Jiangong, Wu Wenjun, M. T. Cheng, Chen Jingrun, Gang Tian, Yum-Tong Siu, Shige Peng, Wang Yuan, Hua Luogeng, Fan Chung, Hu Hesheng, Qin Jiushao, Zhan Tao, Shi Zhongci, Wang Xiaotong, Sun Zhiwei, Zhu Xiping, C. C. Li, Jian-Shu Li, Wei-Liang Chow, Huang Daren, Jia Rongqing, Su Buqing, Jia Xian, Xiong Qinglai, Daqing Wan, Li Shanlan, Zu Gengzhi, Jie-Zhong Zou, Zeng Jiongzhi, Gu Chaohao, Wang Fan, Ke Zhao, Sun Tzu, Sun Zhihong, Sun Guangyuan, Jinchao Xu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 238. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Euro...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Liu Qing, Wang Fu. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 40. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition to documenting about 2,500 stars in his extensive star catalogue, Zhang also posited theories about the Moon and its relationship to the Sun; speci...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: 139 Deaths, Zhang Heng, Marina of Aguas Santas, List of State Leaders in 139, 139 Ad. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 42. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition to documenting about 2,500 stars in his extensive star catalogue, Zhang also posited theorie...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 533. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition to documenting about 2,500 stars in his extensive star catalogue, Zhang also posited theories about the Moon and its relationship to the Sun; specifically, he discus...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Liu Hui, Li Chunfeng, Jing Fang, Thrasyllus of Mendes, Eleazar Chisma, Ctesibius, Ctesibius of Alexandria, Wang Xiaotong, Sudines, Zu Gengzhi, Wang Fan. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 74. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astronomical observation; improved the inflow water clock by adding another tank; and invented the world's first seismometer, which discerned the cardinal direction of an earthquake 500 km (310 mi) away. Furthermore, he improved previous Chinese calculations of the formula for pi. In addition ...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Chapters: Mao Zedong, Sun Yat-Sen, Bruce Lee, Laozi, Sun Tzu, Zhang Heng, Hu Shih, Chen Duxiu, Zhuangzi, Linji, Shen Kuo, Ge Hong, Su Song, Liang Qichao, Zhu Xi, Chao Cuo, Yuan Weishi, Lin Yutang, Yi Xing, Jiao Yu, Gu Zhun, Wang Yangming, Li Si, Zhou Dunyi, Jizang, Feng Youlan, Zhang Zai, Shao Yong, Wang Fuzhi, Ch'ien Mu, Chungliang Al Huang, Hui Shi, Liu Ji, Shang Yang, Mou Zongsan, Huang Zongxi, Liao Xiaoyi, Hu Qiaomu, Lu Ban, Lu Jiuyuan, List of Chinese Philosophers, Hao Wang, Qin Hui, Cai Yuanpei, Hong Zicheng, Xiong Shili, Guo Xiang, Chen Daqi, Liang Shuming, Qian Dehong, Huiyuan, Zhu Qianzhi, Tan Sitong, Pan Pingge, Ximen Bao, Chung-Ying Cheng, Carsun Chang, Xu Ai, Li Shenzhi, Wang Ruoshui, Woo Tsin-Hang, Shen Dao, Chu Anping, Fan Zhen, Zengcius, Zi Chan, Tang Junyi, Li Ao, Cheng Yi, Zhu Xueqin, Dai Zhen, Yang Rongguo, Li Shicen, Hong Liangji, Xu Youyu, Lü Liuliang, Zhang Dongsun, Chen Hongmou, Gu Yanwu, Sengzhao, Zhan Ruoshui, Li Zhi, Zheng Xuan, Wang Bi, Ye Shi, Zhao Tingyang, Zisi, Philip Zhai, Chen Chung-Hwan, Liu Boming, Tang Zhen, Jin Yuelin, Ren Jiyu, Zhou Guoping, Lai Zhide, Yen Yuan, Thome H. Fang, Zhi Dun, Tien-Lcheu, Cheng Hao. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 494. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state insp...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: Zhang Heng, Shen Kuo, Su Song, Pei Ju, Li Jifu, Xu Jingzong, Jia Dan, Pei Xiu, Liu An, Fan Chengda. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 127. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Shen Kuo or Shen Gua (Chinese: ; pinyin: Shn Kuò; Wade-Giles: Shen K'uo) (10311095), style name Cunzhong () and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (), was a polymathic Chinese scientist and statesman of the Song Dynasty (9601279). Excelling in many fields of study and statecraft, he was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archaeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedist, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister, governmental state inspector, poet, and musician. He was the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy in the Song court, as well as an Assistant Minister of Imperial Hospitality. At court his political allegiance was to the Reformist faction known as the New Policies Group, headed by Chancellor Wang Anshi (10211086). In his Dream Pool Essays (; Mengxi Bitan) of 1088, Shen was the first to describe the magnetic needle compass, which would be used for navigation (first described in Europe by Alexander Neckam in 1187). Shen discovered the concept of true north in terms of magnetic declination towards the north pole, with experimentation of suspended magnetic needles and "the improved meridian determined by Shen's measurement of the distance between the polestar and true north". This was the decisive step in human history to make compasses more useful for navigation, and may have been a concept unknown in Europe for another four hundred years (evidence of German sundials made circa 1450 show markings similar to Chinese geomancer compasses in regards to declinatio...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=1102000 ... Read more

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Chapters: Ancient Roman Scientists, Ancient Astronomers, Ancient Geographers, Ancient Mathematicians, Zheng He, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Berossus, Anania Shirakatsi, Liu Hui, Yajnavalkya, Liu An, Li Chunfeng, Jing Fang, Thrasyllus of Mendes, Lucilius Junior, Ibn Khordadbeh, Eleazar Chisma, Ctesibius, Honorius Augustodunensis, Ctesibius of Alexandria, Wang Xiaotong, Abraham Ben Jacob, Yaqut Al-Hamawi, Sudines, Zu Gengzhi, Harkhebi, Guido of Pisa, Wang Fan, Ibn Al-Faqih. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 125. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Zhang Heng (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng Héng; Wade-Giles: Chang Heng) (CE 78139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25220) of China. He was educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, and began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court. His uncompromising stances on certain historical and calendrical issues led to Zhang being considered a controversial figure, which prevented him from becoming an official court historian. His political rivalry with the palace eunuchs during the reign of Emperor Shun (r. 125144) led to his decision to retire from the central court to serve as an administrator of Hejian, in Hebei. He returned home to Nanyang for a short time, before being recalled to serve in the capital once more in 138. He died there a year later, in 139. Zhang applied his extensive knowledge of mechanics and gears in several of his inventions. He invented the world's first water-powered armillary sphere, to represent astrono...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=34542 ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Shen Kuo, Su Song, Shiing-Shen Chern, Chen Jingrun, Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, Sun Zi, Shing-Tung Yau, Zhu Shijie, Liu Hui, Qin Jiushao, Yang Hui. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Shen Kuo (chinois : , pinyin : ), Shen K'uo, Shen Kua ou encore Shen Gua (Hangzhou, 1031 - Zhenjiang, 1095) est un scientifique polymathe chinois et un fonctionnaire gouvernemental sous la dynastie Song (960-1279). Homme d'esprit universel, il fut notamment géologue, astronome, mathématicien, cartographe, inventeur, météorologue, agronome, ethnographe, zoologiste, botaniste, ingénieur en hydraulique, pharmacologue, auteur encyclopédiste, poète, musicien, diplomate, général, chancelier académique, ministre des finances et inspecteur des services de l'État. Il fut également responsable du Bureau de l'Astronomie à la cour des Song, ainsi qu'adjoint du ministre de l'Hospitalité impériale. À la cour, son allégeance politique allait à la faction réformiste du « Groupe de nouvelles politiques », dirigée par le chancelier Wang Anshi ( ; 1021-1086). Dans son livre Mengxi Bitan () de 1088, Shen est le premier à décrire le compas à aiguille magnétique qui sera utilisé pour la navigation alors qu'en Europe, cette découverte ne sera décrite pour la première fois qu'en 1187 par Alexandre Neckam. Shen a aussi découvert le concept du « vrai Nord » en termes de déclinaison magnétique vers le pôle Nord, c'est-à-dire en découvrant qu'il existe une différence entre le pôle Nord géographique et le pôle Nord magnétique. Ce fut un pas décisif dans l'Histoire pour faire du compas un outil de navigation encore plus utile, alors que cette notion resta encore inconnue en Europe les quatre siècles suivants (Christophe Colomb). Parallèlement à son ...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more