Geometry.Net - Scientists: Shen Kua

Shen Kua
Xin Qi Shen Dojo. Internal Wushu Arts of Cheng, Tinghua, a disciples of the founder of Pa Kua Chang. New members will be carefully guided through the
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~nsivin/shen.html

Extractions: Shen Kua N. Sivin 1973 Shen Kua ¨H ¬A was the most prominent of the polymathic statesmen who flourished in the Northern Sung. He was born in 1031, with registration at Ch'ien-t'ang ¿ú ¶í [now Hangchow, Chekiang province], China, and died at Ching-k'ou ¨Ê ¤f, Jun prefecture (now Chinkiang, Kiangsu province) in 1095. Shen's background made it possible for him to enter the imperial bureaucracy, the only conventional road to advancement for educated people of his time. Unlike colleagues who came from the ancient great clans, he could count on few advantages save those earned by his striving and the full use of his talents. Shortly after he was assigned to the court, he became a confidant of the emperor and played a brilliant part in resolving the crises of the time. Within slightly over a decade, his career in the capital was ended by impeachment. After exemplary service in a provincial appointment and five years of meritorious military accomplishment, he was doubly disgraced and politically burnt out. The extremes of Shen's career and the shaping of his experience in science and technology become comprehensible only if the pivotal circumstances of his time are first considered. Historical Setting Shen's time was the climax of a major transition in the Chinese polity, society, and economy.
ChuckIII's College Resources - Astronomy - Shen Kua - Free Term Papers, Essays,
shen kua. Astronomy 201 Astronomer, shen kua shen kua was born in China in the year 1026. shen kua was born to Shen
http://www.chuckiii.com/Reports/Astronomy/Shen_Kua.shtml
Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopædia Britannica. shen kua. Encyclopædia Britannica Article
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=69016
Comanducci Arte Italia - Catalogo Artitsti
Comanducci.it, elenco artisti tratto dal Dizionario Comanducci. SHEN GUA o Chen Koua o shen kua. SHEN HAO o Chen Hao «Langqian» «Shitian». SHEN HENG o Shen Herji «Hengji»
http://www.comanducci.it/elenco/elencoS46.htm
Shen
shen kua. Born 1031 in shen kua commanded troops which defended hisprovince from attacks of the Khitan tribes. His troops lost
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shen.html

Extractions: Shen Kua commanded troops which defended his province from attacks of the Khitan tribes. His troops lost a battle and sustained heavy losses so he was relieved from his command and banished. This seems to have been fortunate as far as science is concerned since after he was banished he wrote his scientific works. He is famous for the first reference to a magnetic compass which occurs in his work Meng ch'i pi t'an (Dream Pool Essays). This book also contains his work on mathematics, astronomy, cartography, optics and medicine. Shen is also said to have constructed a celestial sphere and a bronze gnomon, a pointer whose shadow gives the time. In 1074 Shen devised a new calendar. Around 1080 Shen Kua claimed that fossilised plants were evidence for changes in climate. He recognised fossils of certain sea creatures in rock far from the sea and understood what this meant. Observing seashells in strata of the T'ai-hang Shan mountains, he deduced that these mountains, though now far from the sea, must once have been a sea shore. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page List of References (3 books/articles) Mathematicians born in the same country Other references in MacTutor Chronology: 900 to 1100 Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica
Shen
Biography of shen kua (10311095) shen kua. Born 1031 in Ch'ien-t'ang, Chekiang province (now Zhejiang), China
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shen.html

Extractions: Shen Kua commanded troops which defended his province from attacks of the Khitan tribes. His troops lost a battle and sustained heavy losses so he was relieved from his command and banished. This seems to have been fortunate as far as science is concerned since after he was banished he wrote his scientific works. He is famous for the first reference to a magnetic compass which occurs in his work Meng ch'i pi t'an (Dream Pool Essays). This book also contains his work on mathematics, astronomy, cartography, optics and medicine. Shen is also said to have constructed a celestial sphere and a bronze gnomon, a pointer whose shadow gives the time. In 1074 Shen devised a new calendar. Around 1080 Shen Kua claimed that fossilised plants were evidence for changes in climate. He recognised fossils of certain sea creatures in rock far from the sea and understood what this meant. Observing seashells in strata of the T'ai-hang Shan mountains, he deduced that these mountains, though now far from the sea, must once have been a sea shore. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page List of References (3 books/articles) Mathematicians born in the same country Other references in MacTutor Chronology: 900 to 1100 Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica
References For Shen
References for shen kua. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. ArticlesLG Feng, On Shen Kuo's mathematical thinking (Chinese), Dongbei
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Shen.html
Scientific Revolution
how studying the Chinese experience can suggest clues about the character of earlyscience in general, let me dwell briefly on the case of shen kua (1031 1095
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~nsivin/scirev.html

Extractions: revised 2 February 1992 This essay makes the case for two conclusions. First, why the scientific revolution did not take place in China is not a question that historical research can answer. It commends attention to the fallacies that lead people to ask it. Second, a scientific revolution, by the criteria that historians of science use, did take place in China in the eighteenth century. It did not, however, have the social consequences that we assume a scientific revolution will have. It suggests that those assumptions are mistaken. Anyone who has looked into the history of science, technology, and medicine in the last generation or so has been aware that all the great civilizations of the ancient world had their own sophisticated traditions. The Chinese traditions, because they are recorded so fully, and because they were more independent of European influence than the Islamic and Indian ones, are particularly fascinating if we want to compare how understanding of Nature varies in different cultural circumstances. What the Chinese knew and did was explained by Chinese and Japanese historians beginning in the 1920's. My English colleague Joseph Needham began calling their work to the attention of educated people in the West, and encouraging them to add to it, in the 1950's. By now it is one of the most flourishing fields in the history of science, with perhaps a thousand specialists in China, Japan, Europe, the United States, and elsewhere.
References For Shen
References for the biography of shen kua References for shen kua. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica.
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/References/Shen.html
Shen Kua
Home Free Essays Book Reports Astronomy shen kua shen kua. Astronomy201 Astronomer, shen kua shen kua was born in China in the year 1026.
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PAID ADVERTISEMENT. shen kua. Astronomy 201 Astronomer, shen kua shen kua was bornin China in the year 1026. shen kua was born to Shen Chou and his wife Hsa.
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Apace Research Asteroids Astrology Black Holes Copernicus Galileo Galilei NativeAmerican Astronomy Origin Of Solar System Orion shen kua The Moon The Solar
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GoldenEssays - Astronomy - Free Essays, Free Research Papers, Free Term Papers,
shen kua Astronomer, shen kua was born in China in the year 1026. At Sixteen yearsold shen kua left his home to travel with his father from post to post.
http://www.goldenessays.com/free_essays/1/astronomy/shen-kua.shtml
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P. Planetary Physics, Custom Essay Writing. S. Saturn SETI Program. shen kua.Solar Energy. Solar Energy. Solar System Planets. Space Exploration. Space Station.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
shen kua Chinese astronomer, mathematician, and high official whose famous work Mengch'i pi t'an (Dream Pool Essays) contains the first reference to the
http://www.britannica.com/search?query=shiing shen chern&fuzzy=N&ct=eb&start=8&s
China Teaching Workbook Appendix: China's Gifts To The West
only about 1300 years later. It is found in a Chinese book writtenby a certain shen kua (AD 103094). His book contains a passage
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/eacp/webcourse/chinaworkbook/gift/mariner.htm

Extractions: The exact history of the compass, like that of gunpowder, is uncertain. The Act that house foundations in the recently excavated capital of the earliest historical Chinese dynasty, the Shang (1766?-1123? B.C.), are laid out according to magnetic north suggests a possible knowledge of magnetism at this early time. The first definite reference to magnetism, however, is found in a Chinese book completed about 240 B.C., which describes the lodestone as a stone that "summons or attracts iron." This statement and certain others in the same book may indicate Greek influence upon Chinese thought, coming through the Asiatic conquests of Alexander the Great. Thus there are hints of a knowledge of the lodestone in the works of somewhat earlier Greek writers. In Shen Kua's description the compass is used only for magical purposes. In a Chinese book probably written shortly before 1125, we find the earliest clear account of the compass as used for actual navigation. The book describes the sea trade between China, the South Seas, India, and Western Asia. Since the Arabs played an important part in this trade, some people have thought that the Arabs rather than the Chinese first applied the invention of the compass to navigation. However, the earlier development of the compass in China itself, and the fact that the earliest references to it in Arabic literature are later than 1125, make it seem unlikely that the Arabs were its first users. What seems most probable is that the Arabs, coming to China in their ships, learned there of the Chinese methods of sailing by compass, and in their turn introduced the compass into Europe.
The Shorter Columbia Anthology Of Traditional Chinese Literature; ; Edited By Vi
Ouyang Hsiu, The Three Zithers A Record of the Pavilion of an Intoxicated OldMan 175. shen kua, On a UFO, from Brush Talks from Dream Brook 176.
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/catalog/data/023111/0231119984.HTM

Extractions: Edited by Victor H. Mair Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature have long clamored for a shorter, more affordable version. In response, Columbia University Press now offers an abridged volume, which, like the original, includes selections of Chinese literature from the beginnings to 1919. Acclaim for The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society New Asia Review Revue Bibliographique de Sinologie Contents
History Of Magnetism, Physics , Trinity College Dublin
The Compass shen kua describes the magnetic device that changed theworld. This is one of the earliest magnetic compasses A floating
http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Schools/what/materials/magnetism/two.html

Extractions: This is one of the earliest magnetic compasses: A floating fish-shaped iron leaf, mentioned in the Wu Ching Tsung Yao which was written around 1040. The book describes how iron can be heated and quenched to produce thermoremanent magnetisation. The first clear account of suspended magnetic compasses in any language was written by Shen Kua in 1088. (left) Chinese and Portuguese compasses from the 16th century. The compass changed the world. It allowed Columbus' ship, the Santa Maria , to follow a Westerly course day and night to land on the coast of Hispaniola: The discovery of America in 1492. Chinese oceangoing junks, led by the eunuch admiral Shen He, plied routes to Cambodia, Ceylon, Java and discovered Africa. But such exploration was stopped in the Ming period, leaving the globe open for voyages of discovery by the European powers. Hard steel wire for the needles, originally exported from Damascus and Hyderabad, was later manufactured world-wide, although in these two pictures, both drawn around the 16th century, we can see quite a contrast in the working conditions prevalent in China and in England!
Magnetism Research At Trinity College, Dublin
The Compass shen kua describes the magnetic device that changed theworld. This is one of the earliest magnetic compasses A floating
http://www.tcd.ie/Physics/Magnetism/Magnetism/two.html

Extractions: The Compass: Shen Kua describes the magnetic device that changed the world. This is one of the earliest magnetic compasses: A floating fish-shaped iron leaf, mentioned in the Wu Ching Tsung Yao which was written around 1040. The book describes how iron can be heated and quenched to produce thermoremanent magnetisation. The first clear account of suspended magnetic compasses in any language was written by Shen Kua in 1088. (left) Chinese and Portuguese compasses from the 16th century. The compass changed the world. It allowed Columbus' ship, the Santa Maria , to follow a Westerly course day and night to land on the coast of Hispaniola: The discovery of America in 1492. Chinese oceangoing junks, led by the eunuch admiral Shen He, plied routes to Cambodia, Ceylon, Java and discovered Africa. But such exploration was stopped in the Ming period, leaving the globe open for voyages of discovery by the European powers. Hard steel wire for the needles, originally exported from Damascus and Hyderabad, was later manufactured world-wide, although in these two pictures, both drawn around the 16th century, we can see quite a contrast in the working conditions prevalent in China and in England!
Chinese Mathematics Rebecca And Tommy
Hsing. shen kua the author of Meng Chhi Pi Than discusses IHsing'smethod. Infact, according to Needham J (1959), shen kua says-.
http://www.roma.unisa.edu.au/07305/pc.htm

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