280 BC - Wikipedia 285 BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC 275BC Births philon of byzantium. Deaths Herophilus; Seleucus I Nicator. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/280_BC
Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk
European Cultural Centre Of Delphi According to the accounts of Athenaeus (Deipnosophists iv, 75), of philon of byzantium(see R. Schone, Philonis Mechanicae Syntaxis, Berlin 1893, iv, 77, 61 http://www.culture.gr/2/23/232/e232012.html
Extractions: T he hydraulis spread very rapidly through the Hellenistic and later the Roman world, where it provided musical accompaniment for games in the forum and was the favourite instrument of Emperors such as Nero. Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it on coins, vases and stone pillars which have come down to us reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size and number of pipes. Little by little, the hydraulic mechanism was replaced by bellows and the hydraulis joined the family of wind instruments. As early as the first centuries AD, both types of instrument were in use. During the first Christian centuries, after the barbarian invasions of Europe, the instrument disappeared from the western part of what had been the Roman Empire, although in its blower-powered form it continued to exist in Byzantium. There is no evidence of hydraulically-powered instruments in Byzantium. In the Imperial court at Constantinople, the organ was a symbol of prestige and it played music during the visits of foreign guests in order to impress them. Constantine Porphyrogennetos (tenth century) formally established the organ in court protocol, and decreed that it was to play during specific ceremonies in the Great Palace and the Hippodrome.
Untitled Document According to the ancient accounts of Athenaeus, of philon of byzantium and, indirectly,of Vitruvius, the Hydraulis was invented by the famous engineer http://www.culture.gr/2/23/232/epked/en/00_standard_menu/00a_ydraulis/00a.htm
Extractions: Hydraulis : The Ancient Hydraulis and its Reconstruction T T he hydraulis, after its invention, spreads quickly in the Hellenistic and Roman world. In Rome, it was played in theatres, festivals and even in the amphitheaters, and became the favorite instrument of the ruling class and of emperors such as Nero, Ancient references to the hydraulis and the many depictions of it reveal that the instrument was constructed in numerous types which varied in size, sound and number of pipes. L I n August 1992, during excavations at the site of ancient Dion (at the foot of Mt Olympus) the archaeologist Professor Dimitris Pantermalis of the University of Thessaloniki and his associates discovered the upper parts of an instrument consisting of a set of bronze pipes and a horizontal metal base-plate with decorative motifs. Professor Pantermalis dates the find to the first century BC. In early 1995, the European Cultural Center of Delphi (ECCD), in consultation with Professor Pantermalis and with the support of the Ministry of Culture, initiated a research project for reconstruction of the Dion hydraulis. I n order to reconstruct the hydraulis, all the ancient sources mentioning the instrument were studied in detail, research was conducted into the ancient Greek musical scales, and the use and manufacture of various materials in antiquity (metal, wood, leather, welding, rivets, screw, etc) were investigated. The problems facing the research team during reconstruction were of three kinds, concerning: a) the hydraulic mechanism, b) the key mechanism, and c) the pipes. In connection with the first two problems, the text of Hero was used as a particular starting-point and regarding the pipes the archaeological find was of great importance. The reconstruction project was completed in July 1999 and the presentation in Japan is the first public appearance of the hydraulis in modern times.
No. 308: The Last Wonder Of The World The 2ndcentury BC Hellenistic engineer philon of byzantium wrote a tract calledDe Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi308.htm
Extractions: by John H. Lienhard Click here for audio of Episode 308. Today, we look at the first and last wonder of the world. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them. W e use the words "Eighth Wonder of the World" to name each new engineering marvel that comes down the road bridges, ships, and rockets. Maybe it's time to look back at the original Wonders. The 2nd-century BC Hellenistic engineer Philon of Byzantium wrote a tract called De Septem Orbis Spectaculis , literally, Of the Seven Spectacles of the World . He listed: The Lighthouse at Alexandria The Great Pyramid of Cheops So the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are correctly those and those alone. They were marvels, of course. The great 150-foot bronze Colossus standing astride the jetties of Rhodes must have been daunting indeed. Yet Philon's list did by no means include the definitive great works for all time. They were the seven grandest works that he could identify in 150 BC. The Colossus lasted only 56 years before it was brought down by an earthquake. All Philon actually saw of it was bronze rubble.
New 7 Wonders - Origin In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterfularchitectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the Seven http://www.new7wonders.com/ancient.php
Extractions: Project Vote Origin Candidates ... Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE The Ancient 7 Wonders Of The World In 200 B.C., Philon of Byzantium proposed a list of human civilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments, which are still known today as the 'Seven Wonders of the World' - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Colossus of Rhodes, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Temple of Artemis, the Light Tower of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus, and the Pyramids of Egypt. However, these sites are buildings and sculptures belonging exclusively to the Ancient World and were all constructed more than 2000 years ago, and only one, the Pyramids of Gize, still exists. We have adopted Philon's ancient concept not to replace these 'Seven Wonders of the World' but to take the decision making process out of the hands of an individual and place it into the hands of the world's citizens. A global consultation shall conclude which architectural constructions shall be recognised as the New 7 Wonders of the World. The Light Tower Of Alexandria The Temple Of Artemis The Statue Of Zeus The Colossus Of Rhodes ... Pyramids of Egypt
New 7 Wonders - Press New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. http://www.new7wonders.com/faq.php
Extractions: Project Vote Origin Candidates ... Statistics 914 DAYS LEFT TO VOTE Frequently Asked Questions 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? 2 Why do you continue with the number of 7? 3 Could you talk about the organization of the vote in detail? Including when it was established, its organizing structure, its members, the division of work) Is your organization official or non-governmental? What do the Swiss think of the vote? 4 When did the vote start? The deadline of the vote showed on your Chinese homepage is 31 Dec., 2001. Does it mean the vote has concluded or can be prolonged to the same date the next year? ... 20 Could you talk about your family? Do they support what you have done? Is the establishment of THE NEW 7 WONDERS SOCIETY your habit or your sole vocation? 1 What is your original intention of initiating the global internet vote to choose the New 7 Wonders of the World? What inspired you of the idea? An affair? A book? A person? Or an instant inspiration? It is a combination of my personal interest in architecture, a desire to circle our planet earth and to eventually create an ideal content for publishingand an Imax-large screen documentary movie. New 7 wonders is based on the idea to revive an ancient Greek concept, the 7 Wonders of Antiquity, declared by Philon of Byzantium in 200 BC. In many ways it can be compared to Pierre de Coubertin's initiative to revive the Greek Olympic games by starting the modern Olympics in 1896. It took me a lot of convincing myself to start this project, believe me! i only had a slight idea in what I was engaging.
Biography-center - Letter P Phillips, Ian www.grandprix.com/gpe/crefphiian.html; philon of byzantium,www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Philon.html; http://www.biography-center.com/p.html
Extractions: random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish 510 biographies
Bilkent University - Department Of Archaeology And History Of Art And what makes that even more remarkable is that they are the only example of adefensive system first suggested by philon of byzantium in c. 200 BC, whose http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~arkeo/newsletter/newsle29.html
Extractions: ANCYRA It seems that the one historical monument all visitors to Ankara remember are those 18 pentagonal towers which appear to rise from the Kaledaðý like the prows of advancing ships. These fortifications were already famous in the 10th or 11th century, for they are referred to in the epic Digenes Akritas , as the famous and great castle, the powerful and fortified Ancyra. Yet, this young citys most tangible record of its long past is also one of its most enigmatic: other than that these towers are evidently Byzantine, there is no agreement as to their precise date! And what makes that even more remarkable is that they are the only example of a defensive system first suggested by Philon of Byzantium in c . 200 BC, whose ideas were restated by the Anonymous of Byzantium during the reign of Justinian! It is for that reason that our editor invited this contribution, to indicate something of what is known and what is unknown about Ankaras fortifications and hopefully stimulate further debate and research on them.
MuslimHeritage.com - Topics The Islamic Arabic Automatic Control Technology had as a basis the Greek Technologyof two scientists namely philon of byzantium (Rhodes and Alexandria) of the http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=285
Extractions: The Seven Wonders of the World The ancient Greeks loved to compile lists of the marvellous structures in their world. Though we think of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as a single list today, there were actually a number of lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon , and Philon of Byzantium , drew up two of the most well-known lists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items. The final place on some lists was awarded to the Walls of the City of Babylon . On others, the Palace of Cyrus , king of Persia took the seventh position. Finally, toward the 6th century A.D., the final item became the Lighthouse at Alexandria . Since the it was Greeks who made the lists it is not unusual that many of the items on them were examples of Greek culture.
The UnMuseum - Seven Wonders Of The Ancient World lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon, andphilon of byzantium, drew up two of the most wellknown lists. http://www.unmuseum.org/wonders.htm
Extractions: The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The Great Pyramid of Egypt The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus ... The Lighthouse of Alexandria As a bonus, try visiting some marvels that might have made the list a top ten, but didn't: The Tower of Babel Stonehenge Sphinx MAP PAGE Time Traveller Tours Post Office Time Traveller Tours , in association with the Museum of Unnatural Mystery, invites you to embark on the ultimate luxury vacation through space and time... See the famous Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: Walk through the lush Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Climb the great Lighthouse at Alexandria. Stand before the immense statue of Zeus at Olympia. Marvel at the beauty of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus... Seven Days! Seven Nights! Seven Wonders! Seven Star Hotels! Time Traveller Tours - Your premire time travel agency The ancient Greeks loved to compile lists of the marvelous structures in their world. Though we think of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World as a single list today, there were actually a number of lists compiled by different Greek writers. Antipater of Sidon, and Philon of Byzantium, drew up two of the most well-known lists. Many of the lists agreed on six of the seven items. The final place on some lists was awarded to the
Working Water An earlier Greek inventor, philon of byzantium (3rd century BC), tells us that thedrive shaft was facetted (polygonal, not circular, in crosssection), and http://www.museum-london.org.uk/MOLsite/templates/learn001.asp?page_Name=roman_w
HoustonChronicle.com - What's Online WONDER WORLD In 200 BC, philon of byzantium proposed a list of humancivilization's most masterful architectural accomplishments. http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/story.hts/tech/weekly/1726362
Extractions: ARCHIVES Looking for past installments of What's Online ? Check the archives EGG CITING When you think of Easter eggs, you probably think of hunting for those brightly colored creations around Easter. In this case, Easter Egg means any entertaining tidbit that creators hide in their masterpieces. The eggs can be in computer programs, movies, music, art and books, and probably other places as well. The Easter Egg Archive, at www.eeggs.com , has an index of areas in which these jewels reside. A simple example was Carol Burnett's habit of tugging her earlobe to say hello to her mother. Another television egg is that when David Letterman has a guest who is a member of his college fraternity, they do the secret handshake. Author Stephen King uses the names with the initials "R.F." for his evil characters. You'll find some interesting goodies that have been nestled away to satisfy their creators' whims and to be a source of amusement for those who discover them. SOUR NOTES You can listen to your favorite music on the radio, your CD player and numerous other sources. Popular commercial music is the result of talent and a boatload of marketing. What about aspiring singers who don't have all that power behind them? More importantly, what about the ones who should go back to their day jobs but don't know it? Incorrect Music Siftings, at
Learn English - British Council Antipater of Sidon, and philon of byzantium, drew up two of the best known lists.This type of list does not really serve any particularly practical purpose. http://www.learnenglish.org.uk/magazine/people.asp?person=106
The International Registry Of Hurlers replica of an ancient Greek ballista built according to engineering texts leftto us by Heron of Alexandria (c. 62 AD) and philon of byzantium (c. 250 BC). http://www.trebuchet.com/registry/update.php/5
Colossus Of Rhodes According to the book of philon of byzantium, 15 tons of bronze wereused and 9 tons of iron, though these numbers seem low. The http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Landmarks/Colossus.htm
Extractions: Colossus of Rhodes The island of Rhodes was an important economic center in the ancient world. It is located off the southwestern tip of Asia Minor where the Aegean Sea meets the Mediterranean. The capitol city, also named Rhodes, was built in 408 BC and was designed to take advantage of the island's best natural harbor on the northern coast. The island of Rhodes, in the Eastern Mediterranean, was frequently attacked by navies of rival islands, and one siege by the Greeks in the end of the fourth century BC dragged on for a year before the Greeks finally abandoned their attack and left the citizens of Rhodes in peace. Wishing to celebrate this victory, the citizens of Rhodes chose to build a giant statue of Helos, their God of the Sun and protector. Using in part the bronze from weapons and hardware left by the Greeks, they commissioned a huge bronze sculpture, with a wooden structural support inside, that would stand over a hundred feet high. It was completed in 280 BC. The Statue, which was about 32 meters high was considered one of the seven wonders of the world stood for only a little more than 50 years before it was destroyed in an earthquake and laid with his face in the sand for centuries after. "Even as it lies," wrote Pliny, "it excites our wonder and admiration. Few men can clasp the thumb in their arms, and its fingers are larger than most statues. Where the limbs are broken asunder, vast caverns are seen yawning in the interior. Within it, too, are to be seen large masses of rock, by the weight of which the artist steadied it while erecting it." It is said that an Egyptian king offered to pay for its reconstruction, but the Rhodians refused. They feared that somehow the statue had offended the god Helios, who used the earthquake to throw it down. In the seventh century AD the Arabs conquered Rhodes and broke the remains of the Colossus up into smaller pieces and sold it as scrap metal. Legend says it took
7 Wonders Wonderful World Lists of the seven wonders of the ancient world were compiled by a numberof Greek writers, most famously by philon of byzantium in 200 BC. http://www.contemporary-magazine.com/september/7wonders.html
Extractions: The human race is in pretty bad shape these days. Between September 11, the West Bank and Jean-Marie Le Pen, humanity might as well just crawl back into the cave and start over. Not so, says Bernard Weber, the founder of the New 7 Wonders Society (www.new7wonders.com). This Swiss-born filmmaker/curator/ adventurer is single-handedly (with the help of a global Internet vote and a vintage airplane) set to renew a little of our faith in human achievement, not to mention democratic culture.
Zeus Heaven temple was easily twice as large as the Parthenon in Athens and had sculpted baseson each of it's 127, 20 meter high columns philon of byzantium writes of the http://zeus.heavengames.com/misc/7wonders/artemis.shtml
Extractions: Ephesus In what must be one my favourite sites in the Ancient World, Ephesus stood another of the Seven Wonders: The Temple of Artemis. The story goes that around 1100AD a crusader visited Ephesus and looking at the swampy village asked the locals where the bay was? The habour? Where the temple had gone? The locals looked at him and asked: "What temple?" And indeed, when I visited the ruins almost nine centuries later, the bay had silted up and the city of Ephesus was located some 3 kilometers inland, the old harbour buildings bordering a flat plain of rich loam. Almost 3,000 years ago, Ephesus was a small village in Asia Minor. It's inhabitants worshiped Artemis. This goddess wasn't the Greek virgin goddess of hunt, but an older earth mother type fertility goddess, who's statues carried a large necklace of what could be either eggs or....
Entertainment - World's End - ICON5 drank and moved and bird that sang. philon of byzantium(220200BC) supposidlycreated performed statuets that were powered by water. http://www.nzwwa.com/entertainment/music/worlds-end/fearwrld/icon5.htm
Power And Pumps 287212 BC Ctesibus - ca. 287-212 BC philon of byzantium - late 3rdBC Hero of Alexandria - ca. AD 62 Pliny the Elder - AD 23-79 II. http://www.missouri.edu/~ahawb/AHA222/PwrPmps.html
Extractions: I. Inventors and Scholars Archimedes - ca. 287-212 B.C. Ctesibus - ca. 287-212 B.C. Philon of Byzantium - late 3rd B.C. Hero of Alexandria - ca. A.D. 62 Pliny the Elder - A.D. 23-79 II. Power and Energy Sources Man and Animal Power: The Prime Mover Water Power Water Wheels Vertical Shaft, Horizontal Wheel(Norse Mill),Chemtou Helix Turbine Undershot (Vitruvian) invented 1st B.C. Overshot (earliest known example 5th A.D.) Gears: Toothed Wheel invented by Archimedes (3rd B.C.) ? Wind and Steam Power III. Raising Water Primitive means - the Shadouf Archimedes Screw (invented 3rd B.C.) Compartment Wheel (Tympanum), launder Bucket Wheel(Noria), Chain Wheel Force Pumps invented by Ctesibius, 3rd B.C.) Cylinders and Valves (Assarium) Hero's Fire Engine Assignment: These subjects are covered in Landels, Chapters 1, 3, and 9. Also Hill, Part Two, pp. 127-182; Sourcebook , Chapter 2, pp.23-38, 60-61 For water wheels, see T. Schioler, Roman and Islamic Water-Lifting Wheels (Odense 1973); A. Wilson in
