Extractions: John von Neumann (1903-1957) was undoubtedly one of the scientific geniuses of the 20th century. The main fields to which he contributed include various disciplines of pure and applied mathematics, mathematical and theoretical physics, logic, theoretical computer science, and computer architecture. Von Neumann was also actively involved in politics and science management and he had a major impact on US government decisions during, and especially after, the Second World War. There exist several popular books on his personality and various collections focusing on his achievements in mathematics, computer science, and economy. Strangely enough, to date no detailed appraisal of his seminal contributions to the mathematical foundations of quantum physics has appeared. Von Neumann's theory of measurement and his critique of hidden variables became the touchstone of most debates in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Today, his name also figures most prominently in the mathematically rigorous branches of contemporary quantum mechanics of large systems and quantum field theory. And finally - as one of his last lectures, published in this volume for the first time, shows - he considered the relation of quantum logic and quantum mechanical probability as his most important problem for the second half of the twentieth century.
Extractions: John Von Neumann Research Fellowship in Computational Science 2002/2003 Announcement Past Fellows Participating Organizations 2002/2003 Announcement The Computational Sciences, Computer Sciences and Mathematics Center at Sandia National Laboratories invites outstanding candidates to apply for the 2003 John Von Neumann Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship in Computational Science. The Fellowship is supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division at the U.S. Department of Energy and provides an exceptional opportunity for innovative research in scientific computing on advanced computing and software architectures. Sandia maintains research programs in a variety of areas, including computational and discrete mathematics, computational physics and engineering, and systems software and tools. Sandia is a world leader in large-scale parallel computer systems, algorithms, software and applications. Sandia has a state-of-the-art parallel-computing environment, including the 4500-node Intel Teraflops machine and numerous workstation clusters. The center provides a collaborative and highly multidisciplinary environment tasked with solving state-of-the-art computational problems. Applicants from a broad range of disciplines are encouraged to apply.
2000 John Von Neumann Research Fellowship Sandia National Laboratories. john von neumann Research Fellowshipin Computational Science. The Computational Sciences, Computer http://www.cs.sandia.gov/neumann.html
Extractions: The Computational Sciences, Computer Sciences and Mathematics Center at Sandia National Laboratories invites outstanding candidates to apply for the 2000 John von Neumann Research Fellowship in Computational Science. The Fellowship is supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division at the U.S. Department of Energy. Von Neumann Fellowships at Sandia provide an exceptional opportunity for innovative research in scientific computing on advanced architectures. Candidates must have recently earned a Ph.D. degree or the equivalent and have a strong interest in advanced computing research. Sandia maintains strong research programs in a variety of areas, including analytical and computational mathematics, discrete mathematics and algorithms, computational physics and engineering, and advanced systems software and tools. Sandia has a unique parallel computing environment which includes the 4500-node Intel Teraflops machine, a 192-node SGI Origin 2000, a 168-node DEC 8400 cluster, a 800 node DEC workstation cluster. Applicants from a broad range of disciplines will be considered. Preference will be given to those in the fields of numerical methods, computational science, linear and nonlinear solvers, optimization, parallel algorithm development and the predictability of complex phenomena.
Autorenverzeichnis: John Von Neumann Translate this page Zum Verlag . Autor john von neumann Verfasste Bücher Theory of Games and EconomicBehavior. SeitenanfangZum Seitenanfang, Autorenverzeichnis A, B, C, D, E, F, G. http://www.perlentaucher.de/autoren/9173.html
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Extractions: John von Neumann was born in 1903 in Budapest and played an important role in different parts of science: He invented the concept of game theory, which is important in computer game playing, such as chess or checkers. He also contributed to algebra, proof and set theory. He also helped develop the quantum theory and the A-bomb. He is probably most famous for the von Neumann style computers, which have a different memory for data and instructions, however, in recent years justification of naming this concept after von Neumann is questioned by historians. In his last years he developed the concept of the universal constructor and the cellular automaton, on which we will focus here. He died in 1957 in Washington, DC. Von Neumann believed in the logic behind life. In fact he viewed life as a complex machine, as many have done before him (such as Descartes). He wanted to create life (artificially) himself, or at least machines based on the concepts of life. He approached this problem by simplifying life, but as we will see, he didn't carry this far enough, since his construct was (and still is!) too complex for any reasonable application. In the late 40s he held a series of lectures about this topic, which are still very important in artificial life and cellular automaton theory. In this lecutres he introduced a concept which he called automaton. A set of self-operating machines which had a strictly defined, mathematical behavior.
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Extractions: John von Neumann John von Neumann (1903-1957). When he was elected a member of the Academy in 1937, von Neumann was known for his contributions to the fields of mathematical logic and the foundations of quantum mechanics. But his interests were wide-ranging, and he went on to do distinguished work in other fields, including economics and strategic thinking. He is perhaps best known for his work in the early development of computers. As director of the Electronic Computer Project at Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study (1945-1955), he developed MANIAC (mathematical analyzer, numerical integrator and computer), which at the time was the fastest computer of its kind. Predating use the silicon chip, MANIAC was run on thousands of vacuum tubes. Von Neumann was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1903, and studied in Berlin, Zurich, and Hamburg. In 1930, he joined the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study. He became a US citizen in 1937, and during the Second World War distinguished himself with his work in weapons development. In 1955, he was named a Commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission, a position he held until his death from cancer in 1957. The National Academies Current Projects Publications Directories ...
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Extractions: von Neumann is considered one of the greatest and most influential mathematicians of the 20 th century. At mid-century he was asked by the international congress of mathematicians to outline the next 50 years programme, similar to what Hilbert did in 1900. He was regarded as the only person who understood everything. His attempt was somewhat specialised (as recently described in Mathematical Intelligentser). He was rather worried about the domain problems of quantum mechanics, and emphasised the advantages of his theory of continuous geometry. He knew that there, all operators affiliated to a factor of finite type could be added on a common domain. He predicted that this might be how quantum mechanics would solve the problem of perturbing a Hamiltonian. He might yet be right, but this is not how the physicists have solved their models so far. His work on computers is covered here and his work on economics here Go to my HOME PAGE for more links.
Natural Theology > Synopsis > 19 John Von Neumann to restore theology to the mainstream of science. john von neumann.(19031957). When George Cantor first announced the transfinite http://www.naturaltheology.net/Synopsis/s19Neumann.html
Extractions: Supplementary toc ... to restore theology to the mainstream of science When George Cantor first announced the transfinite numbers, some theologians objected on the ground that the only actual infinity in existence is God. David Hilbert showed that these new infinities fitted easily into mathematics and described new class of infinite spaces now known as Hilbert spaces. John von Neumann used Hilbert space to resolve the apparent conflict between the particle and wave (discrete and continuous) descriptions of the world, opening the way for the consistent development of quantum theory. Hilbert space is a function space. This means that each point in the space represents a function. A function is a mapping between a set of elements called the domain of the function (say x ) to a set called the range of the function (say y ). We write this
Extractions: Search Site Search Card Catalog Search a Book Home ... and Help Biography of "There are two kinds of people in the world: Johnny von Neumann and the rest of us." This quote is attributed to Eugene Wigner, a physicist who won the Nobel Prize. John von Neumann, whom people called Johnny, was a brilliant mathematician and physicist who also made three fundamental contributions to economics. First, a 1928 paper by von Neumann, written in German, established him as the father of game theory. Second was a 1937 paper, translated in 1945, that laid out a mathematical model of an expanding economy. This paper raised the level of mathematical sophistication in economics considerably. Third was a book coauthored with his Princeton colleague economist Oskar Morgenstern, titled Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Morgenstern had convinced von Neumann that game theory applied to economics. In their book, von Neumann and Morgenstern asserted that any economic situation could also be defined as the outcome of a game between two or more players. But the semicompetitive/semicooperative nature of most economic situations, in which the value of the outputs is greater than the value of the inputs, increased the complexity, and consequently, the two were unable to offer solutions. "Nash equilibrium" solutions have since been found, addressing the skepticism that some economists had about the applicability of game theory to economics. In addition to game theory, their book gave birth to modern utility theory. Together, von Neumann and Morgenstern revived and mathematically structured the idea that individuals appear to be choosing among alternatives with probabilistic outcomes to maximize the expected amount of some measure of value termed "utility." This made clearer Knight's concept of risk. The definition of utility that they created led to the first coherent theory suggesting how we should make decisions when we know only the probabilities of some events.
John Von Neumann And The Foundations Of Quantum Physics john von neumann and the Foundations of Quantum Physics. The Impossible Causalitythe No Hidden Variables Theorem of john von neumann; R. Giuntini, F. Laudisa. http://hps.elte.hu/~redei/vncontents.htm
Extractions: A: John von Neumann and the Foundations of Quantum Physics. Introduction. Articles. J. v. Neumann's Influence in Mathematical Physics; W. Thirring. U. Majer. Opportunistic Axiomatics von Neumann on the Methodology of Mathematical Physics; Von Neumann's Theory of Quantum Measurement; J. Bub. T. Breuer. Entropy, von Neumann and the von Neumann Entropy; D. Petz. Why von Neumann Rejected Carnap's Dualism of Information Concepts; On the Stone von Neumann Uniqueness Theorem and Its Ramifications; S.J. Summers. Von Neumann's Concept of Quantum Logic and Quantum Probability; The Impossible Causality: the No Hidden Variables Theorem of John von Neumann; R. Giuntini, F. Laudisa. Quantum Mechanics without Probabilities; P. Mittelstaedt. Critical Reflections on Quantum Probability Theory; Unpublished Letters and Lectures by John von Neumann. Editors' Notes. Unpublished Correspondence. Unsolved Problems in Mathematics (1954). Amsterdam Talk about `Problems in Mathematics' (1954). Quantum Mechanics of Infinite Systems (1935/6). B: General Part.
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