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Lobachevsky Nikolai: more detail

LOBACHEVSKY, NIKOLAI IVANOVICH: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's Encyclopedia of Russian History by ALEXANDER VUCINICH, 2004

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky: An entry from Gale's Science and Its Times by Sherri Chasin Calvo, 2000

GEOMETRICAL RESEARCHES ON THE THEORY OF PARALLELS. TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL BY GEORGE BRUCE HALSTEAD. by Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky., 1891

Nikolai Lobachevsky: Russia, Mathematician, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan Gymnasium, Johann Christian Martin Bartels, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Master's Degree, Physics

CONVENTIONALISM: An entry from Gale's Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Carl Hoefer, 2006

lists with details

Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky
Nikolai Ivanovich lobachevsky nikolai Lobachevsky's father died when he was 7 years old. He attended Kazan Gymnasium, financed by government scholarships, from 1802 to 1807. Then he entered Kazan University.
http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Yb.html

Extractions: Nikolai Lobachevsky's father died when he was 7 years old. He attended Kazan Gymnasium, financed by government scholarships, from 1802 to 1807. Then he entered Kazan University. His original intention was to study medicine but he changed to study a broad scientific course involving mathematics and physics. Lobachevsky received a Master's Degree in physics and mathematics in 1811. In 1814 he was appointed to a lectureship, in 1816 he became an extraordinary professor, and in 1822 he was appointed as a full professor. He taught a wide range of topics including mathematics, physics and astronomy. His lectures were detailed and clear, so that they could be understood even by poorly prepared students. He was soon appointed to important positions within the university, such as the dean of the Mathematics and Physics Department between 1820 and 1825, and head librarian from 1825 to 1835. He also served as Head of the Observatory and was clearly strongly influencing policy within the University. In 1827, he became rector of Kazan University, a post he was to hold for the next 19 years. Despite this heavy administrative load, Lobachevsky continued to teach a variety of different topics such as mechanics, hydrodynamics, integration, differential equations, the calculus of variations, and mathematical physics. He even found time to give lectures on physics to the general public during the years 1838 to 1840, but the heavy work-load was to eventually take its toll on his health.
Lobachevsky Nikolai Ivanovich From FOLDOC
lobachevsky nikolai Ivanovich. history of philosophy, biography Russianmathematician who developed a nonEuclidean geometry (1792
http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Lobachevsky Nikolai Ivanovich
Lobachevsky
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky. Born 1 Dec 1792 in Nizhny Novgorod (wasGorky from 19321990), Russia Died 24 Feb 1856 in Kazan, Russia.
http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lobachevsky.html

Extractions: Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevskii 's father Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevskii, worked as a clerk in an office which was involved in land surveying while Nikolai Ivanovich's mother was Praskovia Alexandrovna Lobachevskaya. Nikolai Ivanovich was one of three sons in this poor family. When Nikolai Ivanovich was seven years of age his father died and, in 1800, his mother moved with her three sons to the city of Kazan in western Russia on the edge of Siberia. There the boys attended Kazan Gymnasium , financed by government scholarships, with Nikolai Ivanovich entering the school in 1802. In 1807 Lobachevskii graduated from the Gymnasium and entered Kazan University as a free student. Kazan State University had been founded in 1804, the result of one of the many reforms of the emperor Alexander I, and it opened in the following year, only two years before Lobachevskii began his undergraduate career. His original intention was to study medicine but he changed to study a broad scientific course involving mathematics and physics. Vinberg writes [44]:- In the first years the atmosphere in the Department was quite favourable. The students were full of enthusiasm. They studied day and night to compensate for lack of knowledge. The professors, mainly invited from Germany, turned out to be excellent teachers, which was not common. Lobachevskii was highly successful in all courses he took ...
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky - Wikipedia
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky

Extractions: Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky December 1 February 24 ) was a Russian mathematician Lobachevskii was born in Nizhny Novgorod Russia . His father Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevskii, worked as a clerk in an office which was involved in land surveying while Nikolai Ivanovich's mother was Praskovia Alexandrovna Lobachevskaya. Nikolai Ivanovich was one of three sons in this poor family. When Nikolai Ivanovich was seven years of age his father died and, in , his mother moved with her three sons to the city of Kazan in western Russia on the edge of Siberia . There the boys attended Kazan Gymnasium, financed by government scholarships, with Nikolai Ivanovich entering the school in
Lobachevsky
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky. Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, b. Dec.1 (NS), 1792, d. Feb. 24 (NS), 1856, was a Russian mathematician
http://pratt.edu/~arch543p/help/Lobachevsky.html

Extractions: Note: the following has been abstracted from the Grolier Encyclopedia. Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, b. Dec. 1 (N.S.), 1792, d. Feb. 24 (N.S.), 1856, was a Russian mathematician who is best noted for his work in the field of Non-Euclidean Geometry , sometimes called Lobachevskian geometry. His major work, "Geometriya," completed in 1823, was not published in its original form until 1909. Since the time of Euclid, mathematicians had been trying to prove Euclid's fifth postulate as a theorem. This postulate states, in effect, that for any point outside a line on a given plane, one and only one line can be drawn through that point that is parallel to the first line and does not intersect it. Lobachevsky did not try to prove this postulate as a theorem. Instead his geometry is based on the concept that a geometry in which the fifth postulate is not proved as an axiom is not in itself contradictory. Lobachevsky categorized Euclidean Geometry as a special case of a more general system.
Lobachevsky
Nikolai Lobachevsky. He is accused of pleagarism as is shown in thepoem, Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky . To read it, click here.
http://members.tripod.com/~noneuclidean/lobachevsky.html

Extractions: Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky was the first mathematician to publish an account of non-Euclidean geometry. Born on December 1, 1792 in Novgorod, Russia . When he was only 7, Lobachevsky's father died. As such, he moved to Kazan, Siberia where he eventually studied at the University of Kazan. There, he studied physics and mathematics under Johann Bartels who had also instructed Karl Gauss. By 1811, he had a master's in mathematics and physics and by 1814 he was appointed a lectureship. By 1816, Lobachevsky became a professor. In 1829, he published his Non-Euclidean Geometry which was the first account on the matter to be published in the world. Basically, Lobachevsky stopped the common practice of turning Euclid's Fifth Postulate into a theorem. Rather, he studied a geometry apart from Euclid's final postulate. In other terms, he considered Euclid's postulate as a special case of a more simplified, general geometry. Lobachevsky came up with his own parallel postulate and his diagram:
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky - Acapedia - Free Knowledge, For
Friends of Acapedia Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
http://acapedia.org/aca/Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky
Dictionary Contents: L
linear function; linear logic; linear map; linear programming; linear space; lineartransformation; linear type; list; lobachevsky nikolai Ivanovich; Locke John
http://lgxserver.uniba.it/lei/foldop/contents/L.html
Lobachevsky
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky. lived from 1792 to 1856. In 1829 Lobachevskypublished his nonEuclidean geometry, the first account
http://mate.cucei.udg.mx/img2/Lobachevsky.html
Lobachevsky
Biography of nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevskii (17921856) nikolai Ivanovich lobachevsky. Born 1 Dec 1792 in Nizhny Novgorod (was Gorky from 1932-1990), Russia
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lobachevsky.html

Extractions: Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevskii 's father Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevskii, worked as a clerk in an office which was involved in land surveying while Nikolai Ivanovich's mother was Praskovia Alexandrovna Lobachevskaya. Nikolai Ivanovich was one of three sons in this poor family. When Nikolai Ivanovich was seven years of age his father died and, in 1800, his mother moved with her three sons to the city of Kazan in western Russia on the edge of Siberia. There the boys attended Kazan Gymnasium , financed by government scholarships, with Nikolai Ivanovich entering the school in 1802. In 1807 Lobachevskii graduated from the Gymnasium and entered Kazan University as a free student. Kazan State University had been founded in 1804, the result of one of the many reforms of the emperor Alexander I, and it opened in the following year, only two years before Lobachevskii began his undergraduate career. His original intention was to study medicine but he changed to study a broad scientific course involving mathematics and physics. Vinberg writes [44]:- In the first years the atmosphere in the Department was quite favourable. The students were full of enthusiasm. They studied day and night to compensate for lack of knowledge. The professors, mainly invited from Germany, turned out to be excellent teachers, which was not common. Lobachevskii was highly successful in all courses he took ...
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
Pronunciation Key. lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich , 1793 1856 , Russian mathematician.
http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0830085.ht
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
Edition. 2001. lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich. (ny k l ´ vä´n vch l b ch f´sk ) (KEY) , 17931856, Russian mathematician. A
http://www.bartleby.com/65/lo/Lobachev.html

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
Pronunciation Key. lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich , 1793 1856 , Russian mathematician.
http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0830085.html

Extractions: Pronunciation Key Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels (originally pub. 1840 in German; tr. 1891, 1914), and a statement of his completed work, (issued 1855 in Russian and French). A graduate of the Univ. of Kazan, he remained there as teacher (1812), professor (1816), and rector (1827). Despite his efficient and devoted service, in 1846 he was relieved by the government of his posts of professor and rector.
Li Ta-chao To Logansport. Alphabetic Index To Entries. The Columbia Encyclopedia
LNG. Loa. loadstone. loam. Loammi. loan. Loanda. lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich.lobbying. lobefin. lobelia. Lobengula. Lobito. loblolly pine. lobotomy. lobster.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/index142.html

Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Li Ta-chao to Logansport Li Ta-chao Litani litany litchi ... Littleton, Sir Thomas
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich, nyikulI' Evä'nuvich lubuchef'skE PronunciationKey. lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich , 17931856, Russian mathematician.
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0830085.html

Extractions: Pronunciation Key Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels (originally pub. 1840 in German; tr. 1891, 1914), and a statement of his completed work, (issued 1855 in Russian and French). A graduate of the Univ. of Kazan, he remained there as teacher (1812), professor (1816), and rector (1827). Despite his efficient and devoted service, in 1846 he was relieved by the government of his posts of professor and rector.
References For Lobachevsky
References for the biography of nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevskii I lobachevsky, Philos. Math. (3) 5 (1) (1997), 320. G M Polotovskii, Who was the father of nikolai Ivanovich
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Lobachevsky.html

Extractions: R Bonola, Non-Euclidean Geometry F Engel, N I Lobatschewskij: Zwei geometrische Abhandlungen (1898-99) (2 volumes). B V Fedorenko, New documents for the biography of N I Lobachevskii (Russian) (Leningrad, 1988). D A Gudkov, N I Lobachevskii, Biography puzzles (Nizhnii Novgorod, 1992). V F Kagan, Lobachevsky (Moscow- Leningrad, 1948). A G Karimullin and B L Laptev, What N I Lobachevskii read : A list of the books and journals lent to N I Lobachevskii by Kazan University Library (Russian), (Kazan, 1979). G Kasdorf, Lobachevskii, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983). T I Kovaleva and N F Filatov, N I Lobachevskii and the Nizhegorod region at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries (Russian) (Nizhnii Novgorod, 1992). A V Vasilev, Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevskii : 1792-1856 "Nauka'' (Moscow, 1992). Articles:
Scientists: Math
Joseph Louis, Comte; LeviCivita, Tullio; lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich;Maclaurin, Colin; Mandelbrot, Benoit B. Maupertuis, Pierre
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/scibio5.html
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich 17931856, Russian mathematician. lobachevsky,nikolai Ivanovich. 1793-1856, Russian mathematician.
http://www.slider.com/enc/32000/Lobachevsky_Nikolai_Ivanovich.htm

Extractions: Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich Geometrical Researches on the Theory of Parallels (originally pub. 1840 in German; tr. 1891, 1914), and a statement of his completed work, (issued 1855 in Russian and French). A graduate of the Univ. of Kazan, he remained there as teacher (1812), professor (1816), and rector (1827). Despite his efficient and devoted service, in 1846 he was relieved by the government of his posts of professor and rector.
Lit - Lod
Seton Howard Frederick Lloydminster Llullaillaco LNG Lopu po Lo-ruhamah Loa loadstoneloam Loammi loan Loanda lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich, lobbying lobefin
http://www.slider.com/enc/l_11.htm
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
lobachevsky, nikolai Ivanovich (17921856). Russian mathematician whofounded non-Euclidean geometry, concurrently with, but independently
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/L/Lobachevsky/1.

Extractions: In Euclid's system, two parallel lines will remain equidistant from each other, whereas in Lobachevskian geometry, the two lines will approach zero in one direction and infinity in the other. In Euclidean geometry the sum of the angles of a triangle is always equal to the sum of two right angles; in Lobachevskian geometry, the sum of the angles is always less than the sum of two right angles. In Lobachevskian space, also, two geometric figures cannot have the same shape but different sizes. Lobachevsky developed non-Euclidean geometry between 1826 and 1856. He came to see that it was not contradictory to speak of a geometry in which all Euclid's postulates except the fifth held true. By including imaginary numbers, he made geometry more general, and Euclid's geometry took on the appearance of a special case of a wider system.

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