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Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos fl. c.310 bc c.230 bc , Greek astronomer andmathematician of the Alexandrian school. aristarchus of samos. fl.
http://www.slider.com/enc/3000/Aristarchus_of_Samos.htm

Extractions: Aristarchus of Samos fl. c.310 b.c. -c.230 b.c. , Greek astronomer and mathematician of the Alexandrian school. He is said to have been the first to propose a heliocentric or sun-centered theory of the universe. Of his writings only a treatise, The Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon, remains. The procedures he followed in this treatise were highly original; his calculation of the moon's distance was incorrect, but he derived a more correct value for the solar year. The treatise does not mention his conclusion that the earth moves around the sun and that the sun is at rest, but statements by Archimedes and Copernicus indicate that he held this theory. Other conclusions in which he seems to have anticipated later scientists are that the sun is larger than the earth, that the earth rotates upon its axis causing day and night, and that its axis is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic, causing the change of seasons. See T. L. Heath
Samos
aristarchus of samos by Kristen Riley. aristarchus of samos, oftenreferred to as the Copernicus of antiquity, laid the foundation
http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/Biographies/samos/body_samos.html

Extractions: by Kristen Riley Aristarchus of Samos , often referred to as the Copernicus of antiquity, laid the foundation for much scientific examination of the heavens. According to his contemporary, Archimedes, Aristarchus was the first to propose not only a heliocentric universe, but one larger than any of the geocentric universes proposed by his predecessors. Copernicus himself originally gave credit to Aristarchus in his own heliocentric treatise, where he had written, "Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth, and some even say that Aristarchus of Samos was of that opinion." Interestingly, this passage was crossed out shortly before publication, maybe because Copernicus decided his treatise would stand on its own merit. Plutarch in his De facie in orbe lunae gives reference not only to Aristarchus's theory, but to the way it was received by contemporaries. The general opinion of the time appeared to be that of Dercyllides, who "says that we must suppose the earth, the Hearth of the House of the Gods according to Plato, to remain fixed, and the planets with the whole embracing heaven to move, and rejects with abhorrence the view of those who have brought to rest the things which move and set in motion the things which by their nature and position are unmoved, such a supposition being contrary to the hypotheses of mathematics."
Copernicus
Copernicus himself originally gave credit to aristarchus of samos when he wrote, Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth , and some even say that
http://www.polamjournal.com/Library/Biographies/copernicus/body_copernicus.html

Extractions: February 1993 marked the 450th anniversary of the publication of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium , (On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres), a manuscript that changed the world. Written by the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus and printed in 1543, De Revolutionibus established, for the first time in history, the correct position of the sun among the planets. The book's findings not only formed the base for astronomers of the future, it inaugurated the great era of theoretical formulation. It is rightfully considered by some to have caused the greatest revolution in science and thought in the last two thousand years. Copernicus put an end to the belief that the earth was the center of the universe, and degraded the earth to a relatively unimportant tributary of the sun. The sun, said Copernicus, was the center of the planetary system, and instead of being stationary, the earth revolved around the sun in the course of a year while rotating once every twenty-four hours about its axis. The book, therefore, also challenged the long-standing belief that the earth was the heavenly center of the universe. The repercussions of this interpretation were magnificent.
Aristarchus Of Samos (c.320-c.250 B.C.)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z aristarchus of samos (c.320c.250 BC)
http://www.angelfire.com/on2/daviddarling/AristarchusSamos.htm
Aristarchus
aristarchus of samos (310230 BC), was a astronomer often referred to as the Copernicusof antiquity, laid the foundation for much scientific examination of
http://www.angelfire.com/ca5/ancientgreecescience/aristarchus

Extractions: Aristarchus of Samos (310-230 B.C.), was a astronomer often referred to as the Copernicus of antiquity, laid the foundation for much scientific examination of the heavens. According to his contemporary, Archimedes, Aristarchus was the first to propose not only a heliocentric universe, but one larger than any of the geocentric universes proposed by his predecessors. Copernicus himself originally gave credit to Aristarchus in his own heliocentric treatise, De revolutionibus caelestibus , where he had written, "Philolaus believed in the mobility of the earth, and some even say that Aristarchus of Samos was of that opinion." Interestingly, this passage was crossed out shortly before publication, maybe because Copernicus decided his treatise would stand on its own merit. Plutarch in his De facie in orbe lunae gives reference not only to Aristarchus's theory, but to the way it was received by contemporaries. The general opinion of the time appeared to be that of Dercyllides, who "says that we must suppose the earth, the Hearth of the House of the Gods according to Plato, to remain fixed, and the planets with the whole embracing heaven to move, and rejects with abhorrence the view of those who have brought to rest the things which move and set in motion the things which by their nature and position are unmoved, such a supposition being contrary to the hypotheses of mathematics." As we can imagine, this did not look good for Aristarchus, and was probably one of the main reasons the heliocentric hypothesis did not re-emerge until the mid 15th century with the Copernican revolution.
Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos AND THE HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE aristarchus of samos (ca. Aristarchusof Samos and Greek number systems at the University of St.
http://www.russellcottrell.com/greek/aristarchus.htm

Extractions: AND THE HELIOCENTRIC UNIVERSE Aristarchus of Samos ( ca. B.C. ), called "the mathematician" during his life, is the first person known to have proposed our modern view of the universe: that the earth revolves around a fixed sun. For some reason, however, Copernicus, who wrote 1700 years later and knew of Aristarchus' work, is the person most often credited with this heliocentric theory. Being far ahead of his time, like his younger contemporary Archimedes, his ideas never seem to have developed a following and so died out until the telescope revived them. Unfortunately, the original work in which Aristarchus proposes the theory has been lost; we know of it because Archimedes refers to it and describes Aristarchus' proposals. Unlike some ancient scholars, whose seemingly modern views were part of a larger system of mysticism and religion, Aristarchus was firmly grounded in observation and mathematics. The heliocentric theory is thought by some to have been a natural exension of his finding that the sun is much larger than the earth. His major extant work, On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon
ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS., Magnitudinibus Et Distantiis Solis, Et Lunae, Liber Cum P
Bernard Quaritch Ltd. aristarchus of samos. magnitudinibus et distantiis solis,et lunae, liber cum Pappi Alexandrini explicationibus quibusdam.
http://www.polybiblio.com/quaritch/Sq4.html

Extractions: Bernard Quaritch Ltd. ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS. magnitudinibus et distantiis solis, et lunae, liber cum Pappi Alexandrini explicationibus quibusdam. À Federico Commandino Urbinate in Latinum conversus, ac commentarijs illustratus. Pesaro, Camillus Franceschinus, 1572. 4to, ff. [iii], [1 blank], 38, with woodcut printer's device on title, and many woodcut diagrams in the text, several full-page; title a little soiled, occasional minor spotting, gutters of the preliminary leaves strengthened; a good copy in eighteenth-century French speckled calf, gilt panelled sides, rebacked, corners restored; neat contemporary manuscript annotations and underlinings, mostly in red ink, to a few leaves. FIRST SEPARATE EDITION of the only surviving treatise by the first scientist to advance the hypothesis of a heliocentric system. Aristarchus was one of the earliest astronomers of the Alexandrian school, and this text was printed for the first time in Georgio Valla's Collectio of 1498. It is here translated, together with the notes of Pappus, by Federico Commandino. 'In the sixteenth century, Western mathematics emerged swiftly from a millenial decline. This rapid ascent was assisted by Apollonius, Archimedes, Aristarchus, Euclid, Eutocius, Hero, Pappus, Ptolemy, and Serenus - [all] published by Commandino' (DSB on Commandino). 'On Sizes and Distances marks the first attempt to determine astronomical distances and dimensions by mathematical deductions based upon a set of assumptions ... Anticipating trigonometric methods that were to come, Aristarchus was the first to develop geometric procedures for approximating the sines of small angles' (DSB). 'It was probably as a consequence of the figures Aristarchus obtained - however inaccurate - that he first began to conceive of his revolutionary cosmological model' (Hutchinson's DSB).
Aristarchus
Aristarchus. aristarchus of samos (ca. 310230 BC) and others proposedthat the sun was motionless in the center of an infinitely
http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/classics/aristarc.htm

Extractions: Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 310-230 BC) and others proposed that the sun was motionless in the center of an infinitely large sphere of fixed stars, and that the earth revolved about it, as well as rotating about its axis. The story is told in Sir Thomas Heath's Greek Astronomy (1932, New York: Dover, republished 1991) and Aristarchus of Samos, the Greek Copernicus (1913). The lack of an adequate theory of motion and inertia caused the usual view of a fixed earth to prevail. The arguments are given by Ptolemy in the Syntaxis , demonstrating quite clearly that reason alone leads to error. Aristarchus also estimated the distances of the sun and moon from the earth. The measurements were not accurate enough to give a correct result, but did show that the sun was much more distant than the moon. Eratosthenes, somewhat later, estimated the radius of the earth, obtaining a value that happened to be accurate, although his estimate was thought too large (which encouraged Columbus). These accomplishments are of the greatest significance, as we can see from our perspective. No other science or religion in history came within miles of a similar understanding. Archimedes discusses Aristarchus in his Sand-Reckoner . A full account is given by Heath, but the Greek text of what he said Aristarchus did is shown here. It is in the Doric dialect, which is interesting, and Attic equivalents are given in square brackets for those unfamiliar with Doric peculiarities, the most common of which is the substitution of
Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos (c. 320c. 250 BC). Greek astronomer. Aristarchus wasborn on Samos and may have studied in Alexandria, where he died.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Aristarchus/1.

Extractions: Aristarchus was born on Samos and may have studied in Alexandria, where he died. Aristarchus' only surviving work is Magnitudes and Distances of the Sun and Moon. He produced methods for finding the relative distances of the Sun and Moon that were geometrically correct but rendered useless by inaccuracies in observation. Aristarchus' model of the universe described the Sun and the fixed stars as stationary in the cosmos, and the planets - including the Earth - as travelling in circular orbits around the Sun.
Sophia-L: Aristarchus Of Samos And Hipparchus Of Rhodes
aristarchus of samos and Hipparchus of Rhodes. David Fideler (phanes@cris.com)Wed, 21 Feb 1996 200455 GMT I've come across suggestions
http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/subject/hd/fak7/hist/o1/logs/sophia/log.started9602
Could Earth Be Revolving Around The Sun?
aristarchus of samos, an early Greek astronomer (about 310 to 230 BC), was the firstto suggest that the Earth revolved around the Sun, rather than the other
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sarist.htm

Extractions: Aristarchus of Samos, an early Greek astronomer (about 310 to 230 BC), was the first to suggest that the Earth revolved around the Sun, rather than the other way around. He gave the first estimate of the distance of the Moon ( section (8c) precession of the equinoxes Only one calculation of Aristarchus has survived, an estimate of the distance and size of the Sun. From it, however, one could guess why he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the central body around which the other one revolved. It told him that the Sun was much bigger than the Eartha watermelon, compared to a peachand it seemed unlikely that a large body would orbit one so much smaller. Here we will develop that line of reasoning (for the actual calculation by Aristarchus, see reference at the end). He started from an observation of a lunar eclipse section (8c) twice as wide as the Moon. Suppose the width of the shadow was also the width of the Earth (actually it narrows down a bit). Then It happens sometimes that both the Sun and the half-moon are seen in the daytime. At such a time, Aristarchus tried to find the moment when
May Earth Be Revolving Around The Sun?--lesson Plan #16
Who was aristarchus of samos? Aristarchus was an early Greek Astronomer,living between 310-230 BC. Samos is a Greek island.
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Larist.htm

Extractions: These two sections belong together (9b is an elaboration which may be omitted). This lesson traces the beginning of the heliocentric theory of the solar systemthe idea that the solar system revolves around the Sunto an observation by the Greek astronomer Aristarchus, which convinced him that the Sun was much bigger than the Earth. Part of a high school course on astronomy, Newtonian mechanics and spaceflight Goals : The student will How Aristarchus used the position of the half-full Moon to estimate the distance to the Sun, and the results he obtained. The strange ways of scientific progress: Aristarchus made a great erroryet his final conclusion, that the Sun is much larger than Earth, still held true.
Encyclopædia Britannica
Price USD $395, Now with a NEW 22nd volume! Visit Britannica Store, EncyclopædiaBritannica, aristarchus of samos Encyclopædia Britannica Article.
http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=9551
Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos. (c. 310230 BC),. Greek astronomer, first tomaintain that the Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun. On
http://www.kat.gr/kat/history/Greek/Sc/AristarchusSamos.htm

Extractions: (c. 310-230 BC), Greek astronomer, first to maintain that the Earth rotates and revolves around the Sun. On this ground, Cleanthes the Stoic declared that he ought to be indicted for impiety. Aristarchus' advanced ideas on the movement of the Earth are known from Archimedes and Plutarch ; his only extant work is a short treatise, " On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and Moon. " The values he obtained, by using geometry, are inaccurate, because of faulty observations. Aristarchus found a more precise value for the length of the solar year. A lunar crater is named for him; a peak in its centre is the brightest formation on the Moon. (C) 2000 Britannica.com Inc. Until the 16th century, most people (including early astronomers) considered Earth to be at the center of the universe. Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed a cosmology in about 350 bc that held for thousands of years. Aristotle theorized that the Sun, the Moon, and the planets all revolved around Earth on a set of celestial spheres. These celestial spheres were made of the quintessencea perfect, unchanging, transparent element. According to Aristotle, the outermost sphere was made of the stars, which appear to be fixed in position. Early astronomers called the stars fixed stars to differentiate between stars and planets. The spheres inside the sphere of the fixed stars held the planets, which astronomers called the wandering stars. The Sun and Moon occupied the two innermost spheres. Four elements (earth, air, fire, and water) less pure than the quintessence made up everything below the innermost sphere of the moon.
Could Earth Be Revolving Around The Sun?
aristarchus of samos, an early Greek astronomer (about 310 to 230 BC), was the firstto suggest that the Earth revolved around the Sun, rather than the other
http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sarist.htm

Extractions: Site Map Aristarchus of Samos, an early Greek astronomer (about 310 to 230 BC), was the first to suggest that the Earth revolved around the Sun, rather than the other way around. He gave the first estimate of the distance of the Moon ( section (8c) precession of the equinoxes Except for one calculationan estimate of the distance and size of the Sunno work of Aristarchus has survived. However, one could guess why he believed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the central body around which the other one revolved. His calculation suggested that the Sun was much bigger than the Eartha watermelon, compared to a peachand it seemed unlikely that the larger body would orbit one so much smaller. Here we will develop a line of reasoning somewhat like the one Aristarchus used (for his actual calculation, see reference at the end). Aristarchus started from an observation of a lunar eclipse section (8c) twice as wide as the Moon. Suppose the width of the shadow was also the width of the Earth (actually it is lesssee below). Then the diameter of the Moon would be Aristarchus next tried to observe exactly when half the moon was sunlit . For this to happen, the angle Earth-Moon-Sun (angle EMS in the drawing here) must be
Aristarchus Of Samos
HUTCHINSON ENCYCLOPEDIA. aristarchus of samos. Greek astronomer. The first toargue that the Earth moves around the Sun, he was ridiculed for his beliefs.
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0000187.html
Bokpris.com - Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos Jämför priser, frakt och leveranstiden på böcker i svenskaoch utländska Internetbutiker. aristarchus of samos Bokpris.com.
http://www.bokpris.com/0198581114
Aristarchus Of Samos The Ancient Copernicus
aristarchus of samos The Ancient Copernicus. ISBN 0486241882. Health, Thomas.
http://www.sofitware.com/books/sci01/0486241882.html
Outline Of Cosmology And Astronomy To Aristarchus
Spring, 1999 Source Thomas Heath, aristarchus of samos, the Ancient Copernicus,Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1913. Reprinted by Dover, New York, 1981.
http://babbage.clarku.edu/~djoyce/ma105/astrocos.html

Extractions: Math 105 History of Mathematics, D Joyce. Spring, 1999 Source: Thomas Heath, Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1913. Reprinted by Dover, New York, 1981. Thales of Miletus (c. 630? - c 550? BC) Statesman, engineer, mathematician and astronomer, one of the "seven wise men." Cosmology: earth floated on water, a disk. Sun, stars, and planets fiery. Perhaps based on Egyptian and/or Babylonian cosmology. Said to have predicted a solar eclipse, but unlikely. Eudemus referred to two written works by Thales: On the Solstice and On the Equinox, since lost. Noted length of four seasons not all the same. Diogenes Laertius says Thales declared the apparent size of the sun and the moon to be 1/720 part of the circle described by it (i.e., 1/2 degree). Recommended sailing by Little Bear (Little Dipper) as the Phoenicians did. Anaximander of Miletus (Anasimandros) (c. 611 - c. 547 BC) Considered first Greek philosopher. Student of Thales. Cosmology: earth at center, a disk with depth 1/3 of breadth floating in air. Believed the stars to be fiery wheels emitting flames through vents, and eclipses occur when the vents are stopped up. Concluded the circle of the sun is 27 or 28 times the size of the earth, and that of the moon 18 or 19 times. Probably brought the vertical sundial (gnomon) to Greeks from Babylonians. Said to be first to draw a map of the inhabited earth. Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 - c. 528 BC. Stars on crystal sphere, but planets have their own movements. Sun, moon, stars made of fire. Said eclipses due to obscuring dark bodies.
Aristarchus Of Samos
aristarchus of samos Greek Astronomer and Philosopher -. His biography Aristarchuswas born around 320 before Jesus Christ on the Greek Island of Samos.
http://goofy313g.free.fr/calisota_online/exist/aristarchus.html

Extractions: A mathematician at least as much as an astronomer, he belonged to the so-called Pythagorean school of thought, which sought to understand the universe in terms of geometrical and arithmetical relationships. Aristarchus is known to have the first proponent of the heliocentric hypothesis, with the Earth ascribed a movement of orbital rotation about the Sun, as well as a daily axial rotation. Aristarchus argued that the lack of observed annual parallax in the fixed stars could be explained, within his heliocentric model, by assuming that the distance to the fixed stars is very much larger than the size of the Earth's orbit. This argument wasn't liked at all. The very same argument was to be made by Nicholas Copernicus , seventeen centuries later.

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