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Archytas Of Tarentum: more detail

Archytas of Tarentum: Pythagorean, Philosopher and Mathematician King by Carl Huffman, 2010-09-09

Archytas of Tarentum: An entry from Gale's Science and Its Times by Judson Knight, 2001

Archytas of Tarentum: An entry from Gale's Science and Its Times

Huffman, Carl A. AArchytas of Tarentum: Pythagorean, Philosopher, and Mathematician King.(Book review): An article from: The Review of Metaphysics by Philip Rousseau, 2006-12-01

Ancient Tarantines: Aristoxenus, Livius Andronicus, Archytas, Leonidas of Tarentum, Cleinias of Tarentum, Phalanthus of Tarentum

ARCHYTAS OF TARENTUM(C. 425 BCEC. 350 BCE): An entry from Gale's Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Carl Huffman, 2006

lists with details

History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians
A list of all of the important mathematicians working in a given century.Category Science Math Mathematicians Directories MT 400 BCE. Hippasus of Metapontum (or of Sybaris or Croton) (c. 400?);archytas of tarentum (of Taras) (c. 428c. 347) *SB *MT; Plato
http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Extractions: Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT Baudhayana (c. 700) Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB
Old Age By Marcus Tullius Cicero: Part II.
Listen, my dear young friends, to a speech of archytas of tarentum, among the greatestand most illustrious of men, which was put into my hands when as a young
http://www.underthesun.cc/Classics/Cicero/OldAge/OldAge3.html

Extractions: These were the words addressed by Archytas to the Samnite Gaius Pontius, father of the man by whom the consuls Spurius Postumius and Titus Veturius were beaten in the battle of Caudium. My friend Nearchus of Tarentum, who had remained loyal to Rome, told me that he had heard them repeated by some old men; and that Plato the Athenian was present, who visited Tarentum, I find, in the consulship of L. Camillus and Appius Claudius. But you may urge - there is not the same tingling sensation of pleasure in old men. No doubt; but neither do they miss it so much. For nothing gives you uneasiness which you do not miss. That was a fine answer of Sophocles to a man who asked him, when in extreme old age, whether he was still a lover. "Heaven forbid!" he replied; "I was only too glad to escape from that, as though from a boorish and insane master." To men indeed who are keen after such things it may possibly appear disagreeable and uncomfortable to be without them; but to jaded appetites it is pleasanter to lack than to enjoy. However, he cannot be said to lack who does not want: my contention is that not to want is the pleasanter thing.
[Lecture Series] LECTURE SERIES 5: FIELD TRIP (sign Up Now!)
In the meanwhile, DID YOU KNOW The earliest rocketlike device can be traced toancient Greece and the= year 400 BC, when archytas of tarentum built a flying
http://lectureseries.org/pipermail/announce/2002-August/000001.html

Extractions: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 12:53:21 -0700 Previous message: [Lecture Series] Sweet Cesspool soiree...this weekend! Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] ... committee@lectureseries.org "> committee@lectureseries.org http://explorer.msn.com' http://e= Previous message: [Lecture Series] Sweet Cesspool soiree...this weekend! Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ]
History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On April 30, 1999
BC) Crater Archimedes (lunar feature). archytas of tarentum (c. 428BC c. 350 BC) Short biography and references; Crater Archytas
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new990430.html

Extractions: What's new at this site on April 30, 1999 Some URLs have been updated. Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Abetti, Antonio (1846-1928) Abu'l Fida [Abu'L-fida; Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331) Abul Wafa [Abu'l-Wafa] Muhammad al-Buzjani (940-997) Acosta, Cristobal (1515-c.1594) Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) Agatharchides of Cnidus (? - c. 150 BC) Agrippa (fl. AD 92)
History Of Astronomy: What's New At This Site On June 6, 2000
Brit.). archytas of tarentum (c. 428 BC c. 350 BC) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.).Argelander, Friedrich Wilhelm August (1799-1875) Short biography (Encycl.
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/new/new000606.html

Extractions: What's new at this site on June 6, 2000 Some URLs have been updated. Abbe, Cleveland (1838-1916) Abbe, Ernst (1840-1905) Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie (1843-1920) Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi [Abraham Ben Chaja [Chija]; Abraham Judaeus] (c.1065-c.1136) Ab u al-Fid a ' [Abu'l Fida; Abu'L-fida; Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331) Ab u al-Waf a ' [Abul Wafa; Abu'l-Wafa; Abul Wefa] Muhammad al-Buzjani (940-997) Short biography (Encycl. Brit.)
Calvinesque Connections - Australian Sound Design Project Work
m playing music on a computer which is tuned in the ancient Greek modes of the philosopher,mathematician, and music theorist archytas of tarentum (in southern
http://www.sounddesign.unimelb.edu.au/web/biogs/P000343b.htm

Extractions: Home Browse Search Previous ... Next Related Entries Location: The Tower, Ripponlea Estate, Victoria, Australia Performance By Warren Burt Details A performance for unamplified voice and live computer by Warren Burt in The Tower, Ripponlea Estate, run daily from 21 - 28 November as part of Recent Ruins. The following is the text handed out the audience at each performance: Related Entries for Calvinesque Connections Artist Site Works by Same Artist Top of Page Prepared by: Iain Mott Published by The University of Melbourne
"Technology And Spiritual Progress" By Arne Wettermark"
It is told of archytas of tarentum, philosopher and mathematician, contemporary ofPlato, that he had constructed a wooden dove, which by means of an ingenious
http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/science/sc-wett.htm

Extractions: By Arne Wettermark It is told of Archytas of Tarentum, philosopher and mathematician, contemporary of Plato, that he had constructed a wooden dove, which by means of an ingenious mechanism could fly, flap its wings and remain airborne for a considerable time. Archytas, who lived 400 B.C., is also supposed to have invented the screw, the crane and various hydraulic machines. Some time later the philosopher Aristotle relates the common use in his time of robots, which he defined as "an apparatus wherein certain parts are set in motion by an external contact with another portion of the apparatus." When Marcellus in the year 212 B.C. besieged Syracuse, the Romans suffered heavy losses through machines and instruments constructed by Archimedes: cranes armed with gigantic tongs that, from the city walls, grasped the enemy's ships, raised them in the air and then dropped them; catapults that caused a hail of gigantic rocks on the infantry. There is even said to have been a large burning glass, by means of which ships could be ignited and burnt. (Cf. Time magazine, November 26, 1973; this procedure was successfully repeated by Greek naval personnel in waters near Athens.)
History Of Screws And Screwsdrivers
Screws and Screwsdrivers By Mary Bellis Early Screws The Pythagorean philosopherarchytas of tarentum (5th century BC) is the alleged inventor of the screw.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blscrewdriver.htm

Extractions: The Pythagorean philosopher Archytas of Tarentum (5th century BC) is the alleged inventor of the screw. Screws cam into common use around the 1st century BC. These were the wooden screws that were used in wine presses, olive oil presses and for pressing clothes. Metal screws and nuts only appeared in the 15th century. Screwdriver The flat-bladed bit for the carpenter's brace (1744) was the precursor to the first simple screwdriver. The handled screwdriver was used by woodworker after 1800 and was lound in the inventories of tool kits from that date on. A machine to mass produce threaded metal screws for use in woodworking was patented in the United States in 1798 by David Wilkinson.
Pythagoreanism
In the fourth century there existed a friendship between a leading Pythagoreanand archytas of tarentum, a statesman and brilliant mathematician, whose was
http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/p/pythagoreanism.html

Extractions: An ethical, religious, and mystical system of teaching founded by Pythagoras in the sixth century BC. Those holding to such teaching were called Pythagoreans. Their first society or brotherhood was established in Croton about 530 BC. The teaching exerted political influence in Croton and in other city-states throughout the region. By the fifth century BC Pythagorean societies in southern Italy had became involved in the fierce fighting between the aristocracy and the democratic forces of government. When the democratic party gained control it fiercely turned on the Pythagoreans in their settlements and burned them. Those that survived fled back to the Greek mainland and settled around Thebes and Phlius. About this time in the fifth century BC the Pythagoreans separated into two distinct groups called the Acusmatici (from akousma , meaning "oral precept") whose members emphasized the observation of the special Pythagorean way of life taught by the master himself. The second group was the Mathematici (meaning "students of theoretical subjects"), who prsued interests in arithmetic, the theory of music, astronomy, and cosmology.
Greek Mathematics
Later, archytas of tarentum (428350 BC) used the curve to duplicate thecube. Archytas produced a piece of work on the theory of sound.
http://members.fortunecity.com/kokhuitan/greek.html

Extractions: The Greeks are responsible for initial explosion of Mathematical ideas. For several centuries, Greek mathematics reign the mathematical world, with great advances in Number Theory, the Theory of Equation, and in particular Geometry. The first great Greek mathematician is Thales of Miletus (624-547 BC). He brought the knowledge of Egyptian Geometry to the Greeks and discovered several theorems in elementary Geometry. He predicted a Solar Eclipse in 585 BC and could calculate the height of a pyramid, as well as how far a ship is from land. One of his pupils, the Greek philosopher, Anaximander of Miletus (610-546 BC), is considered the founder of Astronomy. Perhaps the most prominent Greek mathematicians is Pythagoras of Samos (569-475 BC). His ideas were greatly influenced by Thales and Anaximander. His school of thought practiced great secrecy and he (and his followers, called Pythagoreans) believe everything in the world can be reduced to numbers. This idea stemmed from Pythagoras' observations in Music, Mathematics and Astronomy. E.g. Pythagoras noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonics in which the lengths of the strings are in ratios of whole numbers. In fact, he contributed greatly to the mathematical theory of music. He had the notion of Odd and Even Numbers, Triangular Numbers, Perfect Numbers, etc. In particular, he is well known today for his Pythagoras Theorem. Although this theorem is known to the Babylonians and Chinese long before Pythagoras, he seemed to be the first person to provide a proof of it.
Greciaheroica2
3. archytas of tarentum. Archytas was a disciple of Philolaus who wroteabout proportions and studied arithmetic, geometric and harmonic mean.
http://descartes.cnice.mecd.es/ingles/maths_workshop/A_history_of_Mathematics/Gr

Extractions: THE GREEK HEROIC AGE II History HIPPIAS OF ELIS Unlike the Pythagoreans, Hippias de Elis (460 B.C.) was a Sophist ; in other words he earned his living by teaching his disciples. This is mentioned in Plato's Dialogues , where he is described as having little substance, earning more money than his peers and somewhat proud in character. Proclus ascribed to him the invention of the first curve, which is different to the circumference , known as the trisectrix or quadratrix of Hippias, which allows the angle to be divided into three equal parts. It can also be used to square the circle although Dinostratus gave a clear demonstration of this in the following century. Hippias' trisectrix Whilst a moves around the circle at constant velocity b moves along the segment at constant velocity too. Each point on the curve represents the point where the arc and segment coincide as we move along them at the same time. In this window you can see how Hippias' trisectrix is used to trisect the angle in three equal parts.
Grecia Heroica
archytas of tarentum. the duplication of the cube or how to constructanother cube whose volume is double that of the given cube.
http://descartes.cnice.mecd.es/ingles/maths_workshop/A_history_of_Mathematics/Gr

Extractions: THE GREEK HEROIC AGE History THE HEROIC AGE (Vth century B.C.) One of the most important personalities of this century is Pericles Athens attracted intellectuals from all parts of the Greek world wanting to satisfy their thirst for knowledge. Rather than coming up with necessary solutions to practical problems at that time, the scholars were more interested in developing their own personal intellect. This desire for wisdom lead them to focus their learning on theoretical issues. During this period the three famous (or classical) problems were dealt with and two methods of reasoning were put into use The table below lists the mathematicians who lived during this period and the problems that formed the focus of their study. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (Athens) Hippocrates of Chios (Athens) squaring the circle or how to draw a square whose area is the same as that of a circle using a ruler and compass. Hippias de Elis (Attic peninsular) the trisection of the angle or how to construct an angle equal to a third of another given angle Philolaus of Tarentum (Southern Italy) Archytas of Tarentum the duplication of the cube or how to construct another cube whose volume is double that of the given cube Hippasus of Metapontum (Southern Italy) Incommensurability or line segments which are not in rational proportion to one another (THE GOLDEN SECTION)
Ptolemy: Iconography Of His Portrait - Ptolémée: Iconographie De Son Portrait
34. Wheter the marvelous old man who copies the words of Pythagoras is Empedocles,or Zeno, or archytas of tarentum, he communicates the urgency of the true
http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r14310/Ptolemy/Raphael/30-40.html

Extractions: Iconography of Ptolemy's Portrait Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520), Detail of Ptolemy and Strabo in the School of Athens (Scuola di Atene), 1509-1510, Vaticano, Stanza della Segnatura. "The 'emblematic image' on the tablet held at Pythagoras's feet is the clue that the fresco is about the mathematical harmonies of the universe. Balancing the Pythagorecians around the slate at the lower left are the astrologers , symmetrically placed on the other side of the foreground. These two groups are rightly represented as conterparts, for what the Pythagoreans defined with musical consonances, the astrologers found out by studying the sky. Plato's raised finger expresses a final connection: from the science of numbers comes music; from music comes cosmic harmony; and from cosmic harmony comes the divine order of ideas." (p. 34) 30. "This may be Terpander or Nicomachus or else another musician and follower of Pythagoras, who was of the opinion that the turning of the stars and the motion of things occurred not otherwise than according to the rules of music (p. 52)."
Sicily And Sicilian - Famous People #4
of the Pythagorean school (the influence of which can be seen in his later work),forming a friendship with the distinguished Pythagorean archytas of tarentum.
http://www.buysicilian.it/uk/archimede/sicilia/vipuk5.html

Extractions: Sicily and Sicilian - Famous People Listed below are historical figures who attained international recognition and were born, spent time, worked or died in Sicily Luigi Pirandello The author Luigi Pirandello, one of Italy's foremost 20th c. wrlters and dramatists, came from Agrigento. He studied literature and history in Palermo, Rome and Bonn and in 1925 founded the Treatro d'Arte in Rome, becoming Its manager and director. Faithful in his narrative works to the italian novella tradition, his epics and dramas explore themes such as the boundary between illusion and reality. Psychological analysis pervades all his works. His play "Six Characters in Search of an Author" , (1921) brought him International recognition and in 1934 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. In 1984 four of his stories appeared as a film by the brothers Paolo and Vittorio Taviani under the title "Chaos". August Graf von Platen August Graf von Platen was born in Ansbach in 1796. He served as an
Virtual Encyclopedia Of Mathematics
of perga appell paul arago dominique francois jean arbogast louis francois antoinearbuthnot john archimedes of syracuse archytas of tarentum argand jean
http://www.lacim.uqam.ca/~plouffe/Simon/supermath.html
JAPANESE KITE COLLECTION
the first western account of kite flying, recorded by Aulus Genius in the secondcentury AD, which refers to the `'flying dove' of archytas of tarentum, and in
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~et3m-tkkw/history5.html

Extractions: Even though its origins are obscure, it is generally accepted that the kite was first invented in China long before the beginnings of written history. It seems probable however that some cultures discovered the principles of kite flying quite independently, whilst others developed existing patterns to suit their own requirements. Silk was being produced in China as early as 2600 B.C. and as bamboo cane was in abundance it does not seem an unreasonable conjecture that kites were being flown by the Chinese around 1000 B.C. Many theories have been put forward as to the original inspiration of the kite, ranging from runaway sails from a fishing boat to a Chinese farmer's hat being carried off by the wind. While all theories must remain speculative, in an early text the famous Chinese engineer Kungshu Phan of the fourth century B.C. is credited with the invention of a wooden bird that flew for three days without descending.
Automata History
400 BC archytas of tarentum made a wooden pigeon suspended from the end of a pivotwhich was rotated by a jet of water or steam. The pigeon simulated flight.
http://www.automata.co.uk/History page.htm
Encyclopædia Britannica
rhythm. association with archytas of tarentum; Dionysius the Younger;Menaechmus; Socrates (Article 1, Article 2). contribution to Greek
http://search.britannica.com/eb/topic?eu=115123&type=13
The Man-machine And Artificial Intelligence
(The same story is told of archytas of tarentum.)1 The mix of fact and fictionis a subject of critical importance for the history of science and technology
http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html

Extractions: For thousands of years humans have wrestled with the question of their "human" nature. In particular, they have attempted to define themselves in relation to the animal kingdom. Yearning either to take on some of the superior attributes of other animals or to rise above their own animal nature by becoming angelic, humans have mostly sought to define themselves as a special sort of creation. Humans have also created machines; and their new creations, in turn, have raised the question of whether animals are merely a variant of the machine and whether the machine, as a kind of monster, can turn against its creator and either "take over" or make humans over into its own image. These concerns about man's animal and mechanical nature came forcefully together in the West in the seventeenth century and did so in terms of a debate over what was called the animal-machine. Were animals mere machines, and were humans the same-that is, man-machines? In the history of mechanical contrivances, it is difficult to know how many of the automata of antiquity were constructed only in legend or by actual scientific artifice. Icarus's wings melt in the light of historical inquiry, as they were reputed to do in the myth; but was the flying automaton, attributed to a Chinese scientist of c. 380 BC actually in the air for three days, as related? (The same story is told of Archytas of Tarentum.)
Earliest Known Uses Of Some Of The Words Of Mathematics (H)
Roy. Soc. A, 125, page 54 (1929) John Aldrich. The term HARMONIC MEANis due to archytas of tarentum, according to the University of St.
http://members.aol.com/jeff570/h.html

Extractions: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (H) Last revision: March 17, 2003 HAMILTONIAN CIRCUIT. Hamiltonian Game appears in H. S. M. Coxeter's 1938 revision of Mathematical Recreations and Essays by W. W. Rouse Ball. Hamiltonian circuit is found in W. T. Tutte, "On Hamiltonian circuits," J. London Math. Soc. Hamiltonian path is found in V. Mierlea, "An algorithm for finding the minimal length Hamiltonian path in a graph," Econom. Comput. econom. Cybernetics Studies Res. 1973, No. 2, 77-89 (1973). HARMONIC ANALYSIS. According to Grattan-Guinness (679), the phrase is due to W. Thomson (later Lord Kelvin). In an obituary of Archibald Smith ( Proc. Royal Soc. Proc. Royal Soc., The phrase "harmonic analysis" was prominent in N. Wiener's writings of the 1920s, see e.g. "The Harmonic Analysis of Irregular Motion (Second Paper)," J. Math. and Phys. (1926) 158-189. These writings culminated in the "generalized harmonic analysis" of 1930 ( Acta Mathematica, In statistics the term is found in R. A. Fisher, "Tests of significance in harmonic analysis," Proc. Roy. Soc. A

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