History Of Mathematics: Greece c. 490); Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. c. 546)); Cleostratus of Tenedos(c. 520); anaxagoras of clazomenae (c. 500c. 428); Zeno of Elea http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/greece.html
Pericles Assignment apparently made fun of his baldness Squillhead Education 1. Damonmusicteacher 2. Zeno the Eleatic anaxagoras of clazomenae 1. Most influential of http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/classics/courses/1998fall/cl365/assign/plupeas
The Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Resources anaxagoras of clazomenae (500428 BC) Anaxagoras (from Burnet's Early Greek Philosophy)Anaxagoras entry (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Anaxagoras entry http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/pre-socratic.html
Extractions: The Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Resources "Pre-Socratic" is the expression commonly used to describe those Greek thinkers who lived and wrote between 600 and 400 B.C. It was the Pre-Socratics who attempted to find universal principles which would explain the natural world from its origins to man's place in it. Although Socrates died in 399 B.C., the term "Pre-Socratic" indicates not so much a chronological limit, but rather an outlook or range of interests, an outlook attacked by both Protagoras (a Sophist) and Socrates, because natural philosophy was worthless when compared with the search for the "good life." To give the Pre-Socratic thinkers their full due would require an article of encyclopedic scope. Given that, I have decided to list a number of sites on individual Pre-Socratic thinkers. The University of Evansville has produced a phenomenal site called Exploring Plato's Dialogues (subtitled "A Virtual learning Environment on the World-Wide Web"). The site contains the full text of the 3rd edition (1920) of John Burnet's classic Early Greek Philosophy Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500-428 B.C.)
Notes On Anaxagoras And Philolaus Anaxagoras was born in Clazomenae, in Asia Minor; Philolaus was from Tarentum,in southern Italy. Both anaxagoras of clazomenae. Anaxagoras http://www.gmu.edu/courses/phil/ancient/anph2.htm
Extractions: Anaxagoras and Philolaus both lived from the early fifth to the late fifth century BCE; Zeno, Melissus, and Empedocles were their contemporaries. Anaxagoras was born in Clazomenae, in Asia Minor; Philolaus was from Tarentum, in southern Italy. Both had some contact with Athens: Philolaus was the teacher or close associate of some friends of Socrates (469-399 BCE, Athens); Anaxagoras had some association with Archelaus, with whom Socrates was reputed to have studied for a while. Anaxagoras himself visited Athens, and was forced to leave in 432 at the beginning of the religious/political anti-speculation backlash that eventually claimed Socrates' life. However, books by Anaxagoras were apparently readily available in Athens at least as late as 399; see Plato's Apology Like other philosophers of their generation such as Melissus and Empedocles, both Anaxagoras and Philolaus seem to have been responding to issues raised by Parmenides and Zeno - issues having to do with whether we can have a coherent account of what exists, or of anything, if we claim that multiple determinate (discrete, identifiable) things exist. Like Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Philolaus do think that it is possible to provide an account of the cosmos in familiar terms, that it is possible to explain what the cosmos is, how it got that way, how there could be multiple things of the types we say exist (rocks, trees, rain), how changes or apparent changes occur, and what goes on when things appear to be generated or destroyed.
Anaxagoras anaxagoras of clazomenae. Born 499 BC in Clazomenae (30 km west of Izmir),Lydia (now Turkey) Died 428 BC in Lampsacus, Mysia (now Turkey). http://sfabel.tripod.com/mathematik/database/Anaxagoras.html
Extractions: Previous (Alphabetically) Next Welcome page Anaxagoras was an Ionian who was the first to introduce philosophy to Athenians. He moved to Athens in about 480 BC. In about 450 BC he was imprisoned for claiming that the Sun was not a god and that the Moon reflected the Sun's light. Russell in [5] writes:- The citizens of Athens ... passed a law permitting impeachment of those who did not practice religion and taught theories about 'the things on high'. Under this law they persecuted Anaxagoras, who was accused of teaching that the sun was a red-hot stone and the moon was earth. While in prison he tried to solve the problem of squaring the circle, that is constructing with ruler and compasses a square with area equal to that of a given circle. This is the first record of this problem being studied. Anaxagoras was saved from prison by Pericles but had to leave Athens. He returned to Ionia where he founded a school. The anniversary of his death became a holiday for schoolchildren.
Projective Spaces 1452 to 1519) etc. Indeed the Greek anaxagoras of clazomenae (499BCto 428BC) may have written about perspective. Thee ideas were http://www.gap-system.org/~john/geometry/Lectures/L16.html
PRESOCRÁTICOS Anaxagoras Notas de clase. S. Marc Cohen. anaxagoras of clazomenae JohnBurnet (1920). Anaximander The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://members.fortunecity.es/robertexto/archivo10/presocratic.htm
Extractions: General: Atomism Notas de clase, por S. Marc Cohen David Reeve's lecture on Ionian thinkers Early Greek Philosophy Eleaticism Encyclopaedia Britannica Ionian School Encyclopaedia Britannica Ionian School of Philosophy The Catholic Encyclopedia Presocratic Contribution to the Theory of Knowledge J.H.Lesher Presocratic Philosophy Richard Hooker Presocratics Presocratics Bibliography Dr.Cynthia Freeland Science and Human Values:Presocratics Fred L. Wilson The Presocratics: Being, Not-being and Becoming Conferencia del Prof. Ricardo Nirenberg Alcmaeon of Croton John Burnet (1920) Anaxagoras The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Anaxagoras Encyclopaedia Britannica Anaxagoras Notas de clase. S. Marc Cohen Anaxagoras of Clazomenae John Burnet (1920) Anaximander The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Anaximander Encyclopaedia Britannica Anaximander John Burnet (1920) Anaximander Notas de clase. S. Marc Cohen
Introduction To Presocratic Philosophy London, chs. 5 and 8. J. Lesher (1992) Xenophanes fragments Toronto.Back to top. JIW/Presoc7. anaxagoras of clazomenae. In the beginning http://www.cus.cam.ac.uk/~jiw1001/Presoc.html
Extractions: Introduction to Presocratic philosophy 8L, Classics Part I Paper 8 I will give four of these eight lectures. The other four will be given by Nick Denyer . Click on the list below to go to the handout for that lecture. The first 'philosophers': Milesian physikoi , Thales and Anaximander Xenophanes: god and knowledge 3. (NCD) 4. (NCD) 5. (NCD) 6. (NCD) Anaxagoras: mixture and Mind Democritus: Atomism JIW/ THE FIRST 'PHILOSOPHERS': MILESIAN PHYSIKOI, THALES AND ANAXIMANDER Who are the Presocratics? What do they have in common? How do we know about them? fragments and doxography apeiron Anaximander on why the world stays up Reading: Detienne, M. (1996)
NON-CONTRADICTION.COM - Aristotle And Aristotelianism anaxagoras of clazomenae, when asked who is the happiest man? said None of thepeople you think; He would seem a strange person to you. Anaxagoras answered http://www.non-contradiction.com/ac_quotes.asp
Extractions: Quotes from Aristotle It is clear, then, that such a principle is the most certain of all and we can formulate it thus: "It is impossible for the same thing at the same time to belong and not belong to the same thing at the same time and in the same respect". -The first formulation of the Law of Non-contradiction, Met. Gamma (Nicomachean Ethics 1096a12-16): Presumably, though, we had better examine the universal good, and puzzle out what is meant in speaking of it. This sort of inquiry is, to be sure, unwelcome to us, because those who introduced the Forms are friends of ours; still, it presumably seems better, indeed only right, to destroy even what is close to us if that is the way to preserve truth. We must especially do this as philosophers; for though we love both the truth and our friends, reverence is due to the truth first.
M. Luz Presocratics 9 return to top anaxagoras of clazomenae (c. 500428 BC) Background. Anaxagoraslived much of his life in Athens, where he was a personal http://research.haifa.ac.il/~mluz/Access/PhilLect9.html
Extractions: Even before Zeno formulated his paradoxes, some pluralists were preparing an answer for Parmenides' monism with a justification of a plurality of substances. Others were Zeno's contemporary, but took his criticism into account. The Pythagoreans envisioned a pluralistic numerical cosmos derived and generated from a geometric unit, very much like that of Parmenides. Opposed to this conceptual pluralistic account of the world, there is that of Empedocles who combined the old Ionic materialistic accounts of the world with a new conceptual account of cosmic forces. He accepted Parmenides' denial of the conversion of reality to non-reality in the sense that he denied the absolute destruction of substance or its absolute creation from nothing. Anaxagoras' account answers Parmenides' monism by eliminating the elements altogether.
JCA: Education: Physics 316 Pythagoras of Samos, c.530BCE, spherical rotating Earth orbiting a centralFire. anaxagoras of clazomenae, c.430BCE, heaven is knowable. http://www.jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/2002_phys316/lect3/lect3.html
Extractions: Lecture 3 It should be remembered that our knowledge of history is solely dependent on us having written records Few (if any) of the original works survive. Thus we must rely on later works making reference to those from earlier periods. This adds concerns as to whether these later works indeed provide a true and complete reporting/representation of the earlier ideas. Indeed, the cosmological ideas of some cultures are almost completely absent from the historical record. Who knows what other cosmological ideas might have been lost... Adapted from Silk, "The Big Bang" Table 2.1: Who... When... What... Thales of Miletus c.585BCE universe run by nature processes Pythagoras of Samos c.530BCE spherical rotating Earth orbiting a central Fire Anaxagoras of Clazomenae c.430BCE "heaven" is knowable Plato c.420BCE Geocentric planets in circular orbits , stationary Earth Democritus of Abdera c.400BCE
JCA: Education: Physics 316 (Lecture 1) (anaxagoras of clazomenae, c.430BCE). The universe is infinite, populatedby different (inhabited) worlds (anaxagoras of clazomenae, c.430BCE). http://www.jca.umbc.edu/~george/html/courses/2002_phys316/lect1/lect1.html
Extractions: Lecture 1 The word Cosmology is from the Greek kosmos (world) and logia (from legein : to speak). All civilizations (probably) developed some form of "cosmology". Questions like: Certainly many (all ?) ancient civilizations performed astronomical observations of various levels of sophistication - from the neolithic observatories (eg. Stonehenge), to written reports (eg. The Chinese, Egyptians, etc). see the timeline for a brief history of ideas ), but...
The Sophists He was associated with the great sophist Protagoras of Abdera and twoimportant Presocratics Zeno of Elea and anaxagoras of clazomenae. http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/netshots/sophists.htm
The Asclepion hear words of healing against all sorts of sicknesses, pierced through for a longtime by grievous pains. (B112 DK) anaxagoras of clazomenae Another important http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/consortium/demandgreekhippo.html
PLINY2-1 LIX. The Greeks tell the story that anaxagoras of clazomenae in the 2nd year ofthe 78th Olympiad was enabled by his knowledge of astronomical literature to http://www.spaceship-earth.org/OrigLit/PLINY2-5.htm
Extractions: Hist.scien. index Pliny index back PLINY'S NATURAL HISTORY Book II Chapters LVII - LXVIII LVII. Besides these events in the lower sky, it is entered in the records that in the consulship of Manius Acilius and Gaius Porcius it rained milk and blood, and that frequently on other occasions there it has rained flesh, for instance in the consulship of Publius Volumnius and Servius Sulpicius, and that none of the flesh left unplundered by birds of prey went bad; and similarly that it rained iron in the district of Lucania the year before Marcus Crassus was killed by the Parthians and with him all the Lucanian soldiers, of whom there was a large contingent in his army; the shape of the iron that fell resembled sponges; the augurs prophecied wounds from above. But in the consulship of Lucius Paullus and Gaius Marcellus it rained wool in the vicinity of Compsa Castle, near which Titus Amlius Milo was killed a year later. It is recorded in the annals of that year that while Milo was pleading a case in court it rained baked bricks. LVIII. We are told that during the wars with the Cimbri a noise of clanging armour and the sounding of a trumpet were heard from the sky, and that the same thing has happened frequently both before then and later. In the third consulship of Marius the inhabitants of Ameria and Tuder saw the spectacle of heavenly armies advancing from the East and the West to meet in battle, those from the West being routed. It has often been seen, and is not at all surprising, that the sky itself catches fire when the clouds have been set on fire by an exceptionally large flame.
Early Cosmology Two interesting examples were first the claim of anaxagoras of clazomenae that theMoon shines only through the light it reflects from the sun, and that that http://phyun5.ucr.edu/~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node31.html
Extractions: Next: The Pythagoreans Up: Early Greeks Previous: Mythology In their many travels the early Greeks came into contact with older civilizations and learned their mathematics and cosmologies. Early sailors relied heavily on the celestial bodies for guidance and the observation that the heavens presented very clear regularities gave birth to the concept that these regularities resulted, not from the whims of the gods, but from physical laws. Similar conclusions must have been drawn from the regular change of the seasons. This realization was not sudden, but required a lapse of many centuries, yet its importance cannot be underestimated for it is the birth of modern science. The earliest of the Greek cosmologies were intimately related to mythology: earth was surrounded by air above, water around and Hades below; ether surrounded the earth-water-Hades set (Fig. This system was soon replaced by more sophisticated views on the nature of the cosmos. Two interesting examples were first the claim of Anaxagoras of Clazomenae that the Moon shines only through the light it reflects from the sun, and that that lunar eclipses are a result of the earth blocking the sunlight in its path to the moon; he also believed the Sun to be a ball of molten iron larger than the Peloponesus. Another remarkable feat was the prediction of a solar eclipse by Thales in 585 B.C. (for which he used the data obtained by Babylonian astronomers). During this period other ideas were suggested, such as the possibility of an infinite, eternal universe (Democritus) and a spherical immovable Earth (Parmenides).
Extractions: What's new at this site on April 30, 1999 Some URLs have been updated. Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Abetti, Antonio (1846-1928) Abu'l Fida [Abu'L-fida; Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331) Abul Wafa [Abu'l-Wafa] Muhammad al-Buzjani (940-997) Acosta, Cristobal (1515-c.1594) Adams, John Couch (1819-1892) Agatharchides of Cnidus (? - c. 150 BC) Agrippa (fl. AD 92)
Outline Of Cosmology And Astronomy To Aristarchus anaxagoras of clazomenae (c. 499 c. 427 BC) Believed sun lights moon earth, andexplained eclipses in terms of placement of sun, earth, and moon and other http://babbage.clarku.edu/~djoyce/ma105/astrocos.html
Extractions: Math 105 History of Mathematics, D Joyce. Spring, 1999 Source: Thomas Heath, Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1913. Reprinted by Dover, New York, 1981. Thales of Miletus (c. 630? - c 550? BC) Statesman, engineer, mathematician and astronomer, one of the "seven wise men." Cosmology: earth floated on water, a disk. Sun, stars, and planets fiery. Perhaps based on Egyptian and/or Babylonian cosmology. Said to have predicted a solar eclipse, but unlikely. Eudemus referred to two written works by Thales: On the Solstice and On the Equinox, since lost. Noted length of four seasons not all the same. Diogenes Laertius says Thales declared the apparent size of the sun and the moon to be 1/720 part of the circle described by it (i.e., 1/2 degree). Recommended sailing by Little Bear (Little Dipper) as the Phoenicians did. Anaximander of Miletus (Anasimandros) (c. 611 - c. 547 BC) Considered first Greek philosopher. Student of Thales. Cosmology: earth at center, a disk with depth 1/3 of breadth floating in air. Believed the stars to be fiery wheels emitting flames through vents, and eclipses occur when the vents are stopped up. Concluded the circle of the sun is 27 or 28 times the size of the earth, and that of the moon 18 or 19 times. Probably brought the vertical sundial (gnomon) to Greeks from Babylonians. Said to be first to draw a map of the inhabited earth. Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 - c. 528 BC. Stars on crystal sphere, but planets have their own movements. Sun, moon, stars made of fire. Said eclipses due to obscuring dark bodies.
From Myth To Mind Then anaxagoras of clazomenae, who was older than Empedocles, but whose philosophicactivities came later, declares that the beginnings are innumerable for http://www.wbenjamin.org/nc/nov9.html
Extractions: From Myth To Mind Back to schedule of class meetings: Lecture Notes: From Myth To Mind From Myth to Mind November 9, 1998 Presocratic Hermeneutics The Science of Interpreting Texts The Anaxagoras Quotation in Simplicius [from J.Barnes, Early Greek Philosophy , pp. 26 - 31] " In the first book of the PHYSICS Anaxagoras says that uniform stuffs, infinite in quantity, separate off from a single mixture, all things being present in all and each being characterized by what predominates. He makes this clear in the first book of the PHYSICS at the beginning of which he says: Together were all things, infinite both in quantity and in smallness. . ." -(Simplicius, Commentary on the Physics, 155. 23 - 27) 1. Our first question concerns the author who is quoting Anaxagoras. Who was Simplicius? [A Neoplatonic philosopher from the 6th Century A.D. He is therefore quoting from an author who lived more than a millennium earlier]. 2. Our distance from Anaxagoras (via Simplicius) is further complicated by the fact that we no longer have Simplicius's original ms. There are 60 extant copies. The earliest is from the 12th Century A.D. six hundred years removed from the original. Our copies are "copies of copies of copies" (Barnes, 26). 3. Each copy of a ms. [in this case, each of the 60 separate copies] has its own idiosyncratic errors. No two mss. are alike. Each scribe introduces new problems.
