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Industrial pollution occurs when the waste from industries are directly dumped into surrounding water bodies and open lands which causes various types of pollution. The related economic and health costs and effects are constantly increasing and constantly being evaluated. This book presents recent research in the field. ... Read more

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Oil leaks from aboveground tanks have contaminated soil and water, threatening human health and wildlife. To prevent damage from oil spills, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) rule in 1973. EPA's 10 regions inspect oil storage facilities to ensure compliance with the rule. EPA estimates that about 571,000 facilities are subject to this rule. Some states also regulate oil storage tanks. GAO determined how EPA regions implement the SPCC program, the data EPA has to implement and evaluate the program, and whether some states' tank programs suggest ways for EPA to improve its program. GAO surveyed all 10 EPA regions and interviewed officials in EPA and six states selected on the basis of experts' recommendations, among other criteria. ... Read more

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This comprehensive volume follows up and expands on an earlier National Academy of Sciences book. It is the result of an intensive multidisciplinary effort to assess the problems relating to petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Specifically, it examines the inputs, analytical methods, fates, and effects of petroleum in the marine environment. The section on effects has been expanded significantly, reflecting the extensive scientific effort put forth in determining the effects of petroleum on marine organisms. Other topics discussed include petroleum contamination in specific geographical areas, the potential hazards of this contamination to human health, the impact of oil-related activities in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and the potential impact of petroleum on fisheries. ... Read more

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Oil Spill Dispersants: Mechanisms of Action and Laboratory Tests provides a comprehensive summary of current information available regarding the general formulation of commercial dispersants and their function to lower oil-water interfacial tension. The book considers how chemical dispersants work for oil spills, the properties and chemistry of oils (including weathering state), the variables that affect dispersant performance, and the relationships between laboratory methods and field situations. The book also considers the strengths and limitations of specific laboratory tests, including brief discussions of the applicability of results for estimating dispersant performance in field trials or conditions encountered during real spill events. Laboratory tests are separated into four groups: tank tests, shake/flask tests, interfacial surface tension tests, and flume tests. Rapid-screen field tests are considered as a separate group. Recommendations for improvements in future laboratory testing are offered as well. Oil Spill Dispersants will be useful for regulators evaluating dispersant agents, field personnel involved with using dispersants, laboratory scientists studying performance and behavior of oil and dispersants, and managers responsible for designing studies related to the treatment of oil slicks with dispersants. ... Read more

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While major oil spills are rare, oil slicks can have disastrous environmental and economic consequences. This book summarizes research on the use of chemical dispersants: their effectiveness and limitations, and the results of using them in different spill situations. Based on laboratory and field research, as well as on actual case histories, this book contains a clear-cut set of recommendations for action, planning, and research. Of special interest is the chapter on the biological effects of oil itself and of oil treated with chemical dispersants. ... Read more

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The Economics of a Disaster represents a major contribution to the understanding of the economics of liability and damages. It is based on the assumption that if people know they can be held responsible for some or all of the costs or damages sustained in an environmental accident, they will change their behavior to make the accident less likely to occur or to reduce the damages should it occur. The work develops a framework to examine and measure changes in market conditions after a disaster, showing the kinds of information that need to be collected and analyzed. Based on the Exxon Valdez case, this work provides an interesting framework for practitioners, specialists, and scholars in the fields of business, economics, law, and environmental studies. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from The Geographical Review, published by American Geographical Society on January 1, 1999. The length of the article is 8481 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: THE EXTRAORDINARY AND THE EVERYDAY IN EXPLANATIONS OF VULNERABILITY TO AN OIL SPILL.
Author: Kirstin Dow
Publication: The Geographical Review (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 1999
Publisher: American Geographical Society
Volume: 89Issue: 1Page: 74

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Show students how science applies to everyday life by engaging them in tasks directly related to a real-world event. Each project begins with actual media coverage of an event shown on video prompting students to work in teams and use their scientific knowledge to complete hands-on activities based on a particular topic. The Teacher's Guide includes student activity pages, one or more videos, and helpful teaching tips.Grades 5-8Student Edition ... Read more

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The EXXON Valdez Oil Spill Symposium, 1993
This is a comprehensive 931 page indexed scientific publication consisting of the results of investigations largely supported by the EXXON Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council.The Council consists of representatives from various federal and Alaska State entities.The work is edited by S.D.Rice, R.B. Spies, D.A. Wolf, and B.A. Wright, who also co-author theintroductory paper.The work consists of roughly 60 papers grouped in thetopics of Fate and Toxity, Intertidal, Treatment Effects, Subtidal,Herring, Salmon, Other Fish, Birds, Mammals, Archaeology, Subsistence, andHuman Impacts.Absent are investigations sponsored by EXXON Corp. and afew sponsored by private plaintiffs.EXXON presented most of its sponsoredinvestigations in a separate ASTM Symposium.All in all the work iscomprehensive, but for many of the investigations, the work was conductedsimply too soon to reach scientifically definitive conclusions regardingcause and effect. Fortunately many of the authors were able to not let theperfect be the enemy of the good, and did not ignore the obvious. ... Read more

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Throughout the world, the environment has suffered the consequences of both natural and man-made disasters. In this series, the results of relentless human progress are explored. Oil Spills looks at how oil spills occur, the damage they cause on wildlife and ways to avoid future oil pollution. The Ozone Hole investigates what has caused the hole in the ozone layer, the danger it presents and possible ways to safeguard against further destruction. ... Read more