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Since the publication of the first edition, the number of unique heritable mtDNA mutations recognized as being associated with bioenergetic dysfunction, cell death and disease has grown. Likewise, our understanding of the basic biology of somatic mtDNA mutations continues to improve. In Mitochondrial DNA: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, specialists from eight countries share their expertise, providing detailed protocols for studying many aspects of mtDNA. The volume is divided into three sections, which cover the transduction of information from mtDNA to functionally active respiratory complexes, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as mtDNA damage and its repair, and the identification and quantification of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes sections, highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and authoritative, Mitrochondrial DNA: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition promises to aid researchers in further expanding our knowledge of this vital area of cell biology.

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"This volume inspires.  It certainly will be much appreciated by cell biologists all over the world." Quarterly Review of Biology, March 2009

This book is the eagerly awaited second edition of the best-selling Mitochondria, a book widely acknowledged as the first modern, truly comprehensive authored work on the important, scientifically fundamental topic of the cellular organelles known as mitochondria.

This new edition brings readers completely up to date on the many significant findings that have occurred in the eight years since the book was first published. As in that seminal first edition, the second edition tackles the biochemistry, genetics, and pathology of mitochondria in different organisms. The new edition provides thorough updates of all literature concerning this vital organelle, its functions, ongoing research surrounding it, and its importance vis-à-vis a broad range of issues in cellular and molecular biology. The book includes detailed descriptions of current and developing technologies around mitochondrial research and discovery, and highlights subjects that are growing, such as the use of proteomics.

This book is an invaluable resource for all geneticists, biologists, and educators in life sciences. It is also of interest for advanced students in genetics and molecular biology. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Great book for scientists who need a start "getting to know mitochondria"
One person in my lab said:"How can one scientist know so much about mitochondria?"
Readable for the college/graduate/first year medical student.A superb mid-level introduction.Could have slightly more biophysical treatment of protonmotive forces/membrane potential.All in all, the book chosen for graduate students entering the lab. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Sphaeroma terebrans Bate 1866 is a marine isopod belonging to the large family Sphaeromatidae, which normally colonises the aerial roots of the mangrove genus Rhizophora in tropical and subtropical areas. S. terebrans is part of a group of species whose complete life cycle occurs within the same mangrove wood. In this paper, we provide clear evidence of significant genetic differentiation among geographic populations of the taxon S. terebrans. The consistently low internal variation and the large interpopulation distances indicate that almost all the mitochondrial variation (cytochrome oxidase I) in S. terebrans is apportioned among populations rather than within them. The mean haplotype diversity (h) is 0.71%, and the mean nucleotide diversity (@p) is 0.34%. The Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) reveals a complex pattern: three principal haplotype groups corresponding to the geographic locations investigated are distributed in a network. This suggests an ancient evolutionary history and very restricted gene flow between populations. The large genetic distances between the populations of S. terebrans could suggest that this taxon is not a single species but a species complex whose taxonomic status must be revaluated. ... Read more

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Virtually every aspect of mitochondrial research and medicine is addressed in this volume, including mitochondrial function and dysfunction, free radical biology relevant to mitochondrial dysfunction, the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, and abnormal signaling processes and disease mechanisms associated with aging, mtDNA mutations, or mitochondrial damage.

NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas.

ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit http://www.nyas.org/MemberCenter/Join.aspx for more information about becoming a member. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

more research needed
Aging is something that affects all organisms. But to varying extents, even and especially within humans. This recent collection of research papers looks at what role mitochondria might play. The book is put out by the New York Academy of Sciences. But most of the contributors are Taiwanese, with some others being from mainland China. Not exactly clear why this is done under the auspices of the NYAS.

Those of you who have followed the general literature on aging research, especially the writings of Aubrey de Grey, could look to this book as an indicator of progress. But most of the papers are really intelligible only to those in the field.

One paper talks about the use of resveratrol, an active ingredient in red wine, that has seen much bruited speculation. The paper's conclusions are not definitive regarding its efficacy. In other words, more work is needed. More broadly, that is the conclusion of most of the papers. You would-be extropians and trans-humanists have to wait a little longer. ... Read more

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Current Topics in Developmental Biology provides a comprehensive survey of the major topics in the field of developmental biology. These volumes are valuable to researchers in animal and plant development, as well as to students and professionals who want an introduction to cellular and molecular mechanisms of development. The series has recently passed its 30-year mark, making it the longest-running forum for contemporary issues in developmental biology.

* Includes many descriptive figures
* Topics covered include the role of mitochondrial function, the use of ARTs to regulate mtDNA disease, nuclear transfer, and more
* Latest volume in the series that covers 10 reviews from leading authorities in developmental biology ... Read more

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Information on many genetic disorders, and the frequent new findings on them, has been extremely difficult to come by—until now. The “Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders” addresses the need for current, hard-to-find facts on emerging discoveries. The two-volume Encyclopedia, presented in a single alphabetical sequence, provides clear, complete information on genetic disorders, including conditions, tests, procedures, treatments and therapies, in articles that are both comprehensive and easy to understand, in language accessible to laypersons. The articles are arranged in a standardized format for quick comparison and ease of use, while non-disorder topics are covered in detail with extended entries. Students will want to consult the “Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders” for useful information on a range of well known disorders, including Down Syndrome, Trisomy, Hemophilia and Tourette Syndrome, and rarely seen diseases such as Meckel Syndrome, Neuraminidase Deficiency and Phenylketonuria.

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This digital document is a journal article from Mut.Res.-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The compost worm Eisenia fetida is routinely used in ecotoxicological studies. A standard assay to assess genetic damage in this species would be extremely valuable. Since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known to exhibit an increased mutation rate following exposure to ionising radiation we assessed the validity of a mtDNA-based assay for measuring increases in mutation rate in laboratory-irradiated compost worms. To this end the mutation frequency in the mtDNA of the compost worm E. fetida was quantified following in vivo @c-irradiation of adult worms in three dose groups. Five adult worms exposed to 1.4mGy/h for 55 days (total dose 1.85Gy), five adult worms exposed to 8.5mGy/h for 55 days (total dose 11.22Gy) and five adult control worms were used to assess the effect of irradiation on mtDNA mutation induction. DNA samples extracted from irradiated adult worms were used in high-fidelity PCR of a 486bp region of mtDNA spanning the ATPase 8 gene, chosen for its high spontaneous mutation rate. PCR products were cloned and sequenced to identify mutations, with 89-102 clones successfully sequenced per individual. A significant elevation in mtDNA mutation frequency (p=0.032) was seen in worms exposed at the higher dose rate (8.5mGy/h, total dose 11.22Gy; mutation frequency 27.98+/-4.85x10^-^5mutations/bp) in comparison to controls (mutation frequency 12.68+/-3.06x10^-^5mutations/bp), but no elevation in mutation frequency (p=0.764) was seen for the lower dose rate (1.4mGy/h, total dose 1.85Gy; mutation frequency 13.74+/-1.29x10^-^5mutations/bp) compared with controls. This indicates that although the technique has the potential to detect an elevation in mutation frequency, it does not have sufficient sensitivity at the doses likely to be encountered in environmental monitoring scenarios. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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We compared, through allozyme and cytochrome b sequence analyses, populations of Bathygobius soporator from four localities on the Brazilian coast with those from the Oceanic Islands of the Rocas Atoll (230 km off the Brazilian coast) and the Bahamas (5700 km northwest from Rocas). The population from the Rocas Atoll was genetically more similar to the geographically distant Bahamas (gene identity, I=0.92) than to the supposedly conspecific populations from the Brazilian coast (I<0.55). Five diagnostic allozyme loci and a high level of nucleotide divergence (Kimura 2-parameters=0.21) were found between the two groups, further confirming that they must belong to different biological species. Since the type locality of B. soporator is in the Caribbean, the binomial should be maintained for the Bahamas/Rocas Atoll populations, and the other Brazilian populations of Bathygobius analysed either represent the occurrence of a species of Bathygobius hitherto not cited for the Brazilian coast, or belong to a new species. The coastal populations of this species were also found to be highly structured (F"S"T=0.18; p<0.05), indicating that, even along the coast, levels of gene flow of this species are limited. This could be related to their reproductive biology (adhesive benthic eggs with parental care and short length of larval life). The timings of the divergence between the Caribbean and the Southwest Atlantic species found here, estimated from allozymes and cytb sequences, are very similar (around 10 MY bp), and correlate with the start of the Amazon river outflow. The colonization of the Rocas Atoll by populations from the Caribbean seems to have taken place after the Caribbean and the Brazilian coast species had diverged. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Biological Conservation, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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Taxa of conservation interest are frequently identified using morphological or ecological characters. These characters are assumed to represent evolutionary importance, population structure and/or phylogenetic relationships in such organisms. We tested this assumption using two species complexes of the moth genus Hemileuca (Saturniidae). Both have populations threatened by habitat loss and need conservation protection. Legislation protects one taxon with apparent ecological differences. We sequenced 624 base pairs of mtDNA from the COI gene for geographically distant populations of the Hemileuca maia species complex and the H. electra species complex. Resultant phylogenies contradict prior assumptions about relationships in both species complexes. The legislatively protected Bog Buckmoth is paraphyletic with widespread H. maia, and its use of a novel hostplant seems to be a local adaptation. Divergent morphology and hostplant use among H. electra subspecies are associated with modest genetic divergence (0.48%). However, a group of unrecognized populations that are morphologically similar and geographically close to H. electra electra have mtDNA that is divergent by an average of 4.1%. There is disagreement regarding prioritization of ecological divergence over neutral genetic distance in conservation. We place ecological variation in a phylogenetic context and recommend that exploration of genetic relationships be undertaken when populations are threatened. Adaptive ecological variation should be evaluated in a phylogenetic context to understand its conservation importance. This study illustrates the importance both of phylogenetic context and the use of independent characters in assessing biodiversity for conservation prioritization. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from American Journal of Applied Sciences, published by Science Publications on May 1, 2009. The length of the article is 3932 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Key words: Chironomidae, DNA sequencing, cytochrome oxidase subunit I

Citation Details
Title: Preliminary study of phylogenetic relationship of rice field Chironomidae (Diptera) inferred from DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I.(Report)
Author: Salman A. Al-Shami
Publication: American Journal of Applied Sciences (Magazine/Journal)
Date: May 1, 2009
Publisher: Science Publications
Volume: 6Issue: 5Page: 1004(6)

Article Type: Report

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Mitochondria are the site of oxidative phosphorylation in all eukaryotic cells and are the main centres of ATP production. Plant mitochondria have a highly branched ETC that provides flexibility for oxidation of cytosolic and matrix NAD(P)H. In addition to the universal cytochrome pathway found in many organisms, plants have matrix-facing and cytosol-facing non-phosphorylating NAD(P)H dehydrogenases which bypass Complex I and the matrix-facing Alternative oxidase (AOX) which bypasses Complexes III and IV. The alternative pathways are non-proton pumping and allow NAD(P)H oxidation with varying levels of energy conservation and hence this alternative pathway is of particular interest. Recent studies have shown that the alternative respiratory pathways are upregulated during physiological stresses and are suggested to represent adaptive features of plants. The aims of project included creation of transgenic A.thaliana plants with increased levels, by overexpression, and decreased levels, by RNAi, of the cytosol facing non-phosphorylating NAD(P)H dehydrogenase Atndb2and analysis of the effect of salinity stress on transgenic A.thaliana in which AOX has been knocked out. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of Shellfish Research, published by Thomson Gale on April 1, 2007. The length of the article is 5900 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Phylogenetic relationships among nine scallop species (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) inferred from nucleotide sequences of one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions.
Author: Chulabhorn Mahidol
Publication: Journal of Shellfish Research (Magazine/Journal)
Date: April 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 26Issue: 1Page: 25(8)

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This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Reactive oxygen species can attack the mitochondrial genome to produce a vast array of oxidative DNA lesions including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). We assess the role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 8-oxo-dGuo DNA glycosylase, Ogg1, in the maintenance of a poly(GT) tract reporter system present in the mitochondrial genome. Deletion in the poly(GT) tract causes the reporter system to produce arginine-independent (Arg^+) colonies. We show that the mitochondrial form of Ogg1 is functionally active at processing 8-oxo-dGuo lesions and that Ogg1-deficient cells exhibit nearly six-fold elevated rate of Arg^+ mutants under normal growth condition, as compared to the parent. Overexpression of Ogg1 completely suppressed the high rate of Arg^+ mutations to levels lower than the parental, suggesting that Ogg1 function could be limited in the mitochondria. Further analysis revealed that the Arg^+ mutations can be prevented if the cells are grown under anaerobic conditions. These findings provide in vivo evidence that oxidative stress induces the formation of lesions, most likely 8-oxo-dGuo, which must be repaired by Ogg1, otherwise the lesions can trigger poly(GT) tract instability in the mitochondrial genome. We also demonstrate that overproduction of the major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease Apn1, a nuclear and mitochondrial enzyme with multiple DNA repair activities, substantially elevated the rate of Arg^+ mutants, but which was counteracted by Ogg1 overexpression. We suggest that Ogg1 might bind to AP sites and protect this lesion from the spurious action of Apn1 overproduction. Thus, cleavage of AP site located within or in the vicinity of the poly(GT) tract could destabilize this repeat. ... Read more

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Arid Environments, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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This study used polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing methods to infer the relationship between population genetic structure of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) and environmental factors. A total of 491 nucleotides of mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced from 78 chukar partridges in eight populations collected from the Longdong Loess Plateau in Northwestern China. Twenty-four variable sites defined 25 haplotypes. Statistically significant differences in haplotype frequencies were observed among all populations. Chukar partridge genetic diversity (S-, H- and N-values) decreased with decreasing latitude, altitude, variation coefficients of temperature and rainfall cline. However, genetic diversity increased with increasing longitude, rainfall and temperature. Temperature and rainfall were the determinant factors influencing the genetic structure of the chukar partridge in this plateau. In addition, the more stable the climate, the higher the genetic diversity observed. Natural selection may act to maintain the genetic structure of the chukar populations. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Journal of Shellfish Research, published by National Shellfisheries Association, Inc. on December 1, 2008. The length of the article is 5475 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Discrimination of nine Crassostrea oyster species based upon restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers.(Abstract)
Author: Jan F. Cordes
Publication: Journal of Shellfish Research (Magazine/Journal)
Date: December 1, 2008
Publisher: National Shellfisheries Association, Inc.
Volume: 27Issue: 5Page: 1155(7)

Article Type: Abstract

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Given the commercial and ecological importance of the dwindling Chesapeake Bay blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) population there is a surprising scarcity of information concerning the molecular ecology of this species. The few studies published to date are based on allozyme data and indicate a single, panmictic population along the Atlantic coast. To address this short-coming we have initiated the development of genetic markers from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of the blue crab. Here we report the entire nucleotide sequence for the blue crab mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), which is a 16,263 bp in length, circular, and A+T-rich (69.1%). We have identified all of the normal complement of 37 genes (for 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs) plus a large (1434 bp), hypervariable putative control region that is 78.2% A+T. Gene order and arrangement is similar to other arthropods (e.g. Artemia) but dramatically different from the hermit crab, which has a unique gene order among arthropods. As in the mtDNA of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, trnH is located between the trnE and trnF genes, rather than at its primitive position upstream of nad5. Genetic variation is matrilineally inherited based on parent/offspring screening for nucleotide variation in the putative control region. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Fishery Bulletin, published by National Marine Fisheries Service on April 1, 2003. The length of the article is 6255 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Investigation of congeneric hybridization in and stock structure of weakfish (Cynoscion regalis) inferred from analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci *.
Author: Jan F. Cordes
Publication: Fishery Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: April 1, 2003
Publisher: National Marine Fisheries Service
Volume: 101Issue: 2Page: 443(8)

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This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

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In species with high migratory potential, the genetic signal revealing population differentiation is often obscured by population admixture. To our knowledge, the explicit comparison of genetic samples from known spawning and feeding areas has not been conducted for any highly migratory pelagic fish species. This study examines the geographic heterogeneity of swordfish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages within the Atlantic Ocean using 330 base pairs of sequence of the control region from 480 individuals. Hierarchical analyses of sequence variation were conducted to test whether samples from areas identified as the corresponding spawning and feeding grounds for the northwest (NW) Atlantic (Caribbean and Georges Banks-US northeast) and the South Atlantic (Brazil-Uruguay and Gulf of Guinea), were more closely related to each other than to samples from any other region, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Phylogeographic analyses reveal that swordfish mtDNA phylogeny is characterized by incomplete lineage sorting and secondary contact of two highly divergent clades. However, despite this complex phylogenetic signature, results from an analysis of nucleotide diversity and from an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) were for the most part concordant and indicate that NW Atlantic and South Atlantic swordfish belong to separate populations. The mtDNA distinctiveness of NW Atlantic and South Atlantic swordfish populations is indicative of philopatric behavior in swordfish towards breeding and feeding areas. ... Read more

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This digital document is an article from Fishery Bulletin, published by National Marine Fisheries Service on January 1, 2009. The length of the article is 8217 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Evolutionary associations between sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus) inferred from morphological characters, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite markers.(Report)
Author: Joel D. Anderson
Publication: Fishery Bulletin (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2009
Publisher: National Marine Fisheries Service
Volume: 107Issue: 1Page: 13(11)

Article Type: Report

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning ... Read more

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The “Gale Encyclopedia of Science” is written at a level somewhere between the introductory sources and the highly technical texts currently available. This six-volume set covers all major areas of science and engineering, as well as mathematics and the medical and health sciences, while providing a comprehensive overview of current scientific knowledge and technology. Alphabetically arranged entries provide a user-friendly format that makes the broad scope of information easy to access and decipher. Entries typically describe scientific concepts, provide overviews of scientific areas and, in some cases, define terms.