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Together with Konrad Lorenz, Niko Tinbergen is generally acknowledged as the founder of the young science of ethology. Professor Tinbergen has spent a lifetime of research exploring the behavior of many types of animals in their natural environments, and has founded centers of worldwide renown for research and teaching in the behavioral sciences, first in his native Holland and later at Oxford. His influence extends far beyond the borders of Europe and of zoology proper, and he has contributed substantially to international and interdisciplinary collaboration

Tinbergen's work has been characterized by many as a "breath of fresh air" in fields that were in danger of using touch with nature and of becoming bogged down in theory. He has tirelessly worked for the use of scientific methods in the study if human behavior, both normal and abnormal. Without shying away from quantification and measurement, he has made his main contribution in what Sir Peter Medawar calls "creative observation" and in the design of meaningful experiments, even in the seemingly chaotic and continuously varying conditions if the natural habitat.

In following him in what Tinbergen likes to call his seemingly aimless wanderings, the reader will catch a unique glimpse into the workshop of ethology. Even when reporting on sophisticated experiments, or when developing new theoretical concepts and arguments, Tinergen writes simply, lucidly, and precisely. The present volume spans forty years of pioneer investigation and includes selections on the behavior of gulls; on the homing, landmark preference, and prey findings of the digger wasp; on the food hoarding of foxes; and on creatures living scattered as a defense against predators.

These classic original studies will fascinate the increasing number if readers interested in the topical problems if animals and human behavior.

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The seagull Kleew and his mate Klia grow from hatchlings, learn to fly, tolerate curious humans, and eventually build a nest and raise youngsters of their own. ... Read more

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KLEEW
I happened upon this book and was delighted with the story of agull and his family and the process of living life.When I read about the conditions under which this book was written, it came through as a gift meant for the author's children as well as a story of hope and goodness for the rest of us.The author was imprisioned for refusing to teach for the Nazi regime and was allowed only one letter per week.Within that letter to his family, he enclosed a page for his children.Those pages became the story, Kleew. I treasure it. ... Read more

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Nikolaas Tinbergen won a Nobel Prize in 1973 for his pioneering studies in animal behavior. The Study of Instinct, Tinbergen's first major work, introduced the subject of ethology to an American audience more than forty years ago, and it is still considered one of the best introductions to the field.Long out of print, this reissue of the 1969 edition allows a new generation of readers to explore this classic for themselves. In The Study of Instinct, Tinbergen attempts to organize the study of animal behavior into a coherent whole, focusing on how animals behave in response to stimuli, how physical and neurological characteristics shape instinct, how individual animals develop behavioral patterns, and how they adapt to changing conditions.Heillustrates his discussion with fascinating examples taken from his own and other scientists' study of animals. Many of his renowned experiments using models of animals to test hypotheses about behavior are described, including his well-known study of the stickleback fish, in which he shows that it is indeed the red color of their undersides that allows males to single each other out for attack during their springtime competition.Tinbergen concludes with an extensive discussion of evolutionary aspects of behavior.
The insights contained in this book paved the way for significant breakthroughs in our understanding of how animals behave in the wild. Anyone interested in the natural world, the behavior of animals, or ecology will find this book essential reading. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (2)

Ethology Classic
This book is a review of scientific understanding of animal behavior circa 1950.Tinbergen was the leading animal behavior researcher of the times, and he prepared this general summary of scientific research on instinctive behavior in animals originally as a set of lectures given at Columbia University in 1947.Topics covered include: ethology, behavior as a reaction to external stimuli or internal factors, and the development, adaptiveness and evolution of behavior.Tinbergen was well known for his research on herring gulls and stickleback fish, and he uses many examples from his research on these species in this book.The other animals featured are mainly fish, birds, and insects, with very few mentions of mammals.Tinbergen purposefully steers clear of human behavior, since human behavior so often involves learning, which he classifies as a higher process, a secondary modification of innate mechanisms, which cannot be understood until the primary innate mechanisms have been studied in humans.The book is illustrated throughout with black-and-white drawings and photographs, often reproduced from the original scientific works cited in the text.End material includes an extensive bibliography, an author index, and a subject index.

Tinbergen's style can be rather dry, but he does a masterful job at tying in many different research results to construct a coherent picture of the broader topic.With behaviorism at its peak in the 1950s, this book must have been highly influential.Many of the behaviors that Tinbergen describes would be ideal examples for the behaviorism school: an animal is exposed to a stimulus and reacts automatically in a predictable fashion.Even some apparently random behaviors can be predictable given the genetic program of the animal.Where the book differs from strict behaviorism is that Tinbergen does not claim that all behavior can be explained by stimuli of some sort.He takes great care to point out that higher processes, such as learning displayed by humans, cannot even be studied (let alone explained by behaviorists) until all innate behaviors are well understood.Not only does Tinbergen review research results in this text, but he also provides some pointers for how to conduct behavioral research.For example, he warns researchers not to focus on the question of "What can I do with this method?", but rather on "What method is best suited for studying this behavior?".Although the research in this book is dated, the book is still well worth reading for developing a background understanding of early research on instinctive behaviors in animals, as well as understanding some of Tinbergen's approach to research in ethology.

Important
This is an incredibly important book. It is a clear and systemetic discussion of the beginnings of ethology by one of its founders. Too bad it is out of print. I really hope the publisher makes it available via print on demand technology so I can have a private copy. ... Read more

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Behavioral ecology is the study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior, and the roles of behavior in enabling an animal to adapt to its environment (both intrinsic and extrinsic). Behavioral ecology emerged from ethology after Niko Tinbergen (a seminal figure in the study of animal behavior), outlined the four causes of behavior. If an organism has a trait which provides them with a selective advantage (i.e. has an adaptive significance) in a new environment natural selection will likely favor it. Adaptive significance therefore refers to the beneficial qualities in terms of increased survival and reproduction a trait conveys. For example, the behavior of flight has evolved numerous times in reptiles (Pterosaur), birds, many insects and mammals (bats) due to is adaptive significance of increased ability to escape from predators and move swiftly between habitat areas, amongst others, which increase the organisms chance of survival and ultimately their reproductive success. In all instances, the organism adapting to flight had to have "pre-adaptions" to these behavioral and anatomical changes. ... Read more

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Les achats comprennent une adhésion à l'essai gratuite au club de livres de l'éditeur, dans lequel vous pouvez choisir parmi plus d'un million d'ouvrages, sans frais. Le livre consiste d'articles Wikipedia sur : Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Nikolaas Tinbergen, John Gerrard Keulemans, Volcher Coiter, Eduard Daniel Van Oort, Pieter Boddaert, Heinrich Agathon Bernstein, Joseph Smit, Karel Voous, Cornelis Nozeman. Non illustré. Mises à jour gratuites en ligne. Extrait : Coenraad Jacob Temminck, né le 31 mars 1778 à Amsterdam et mort le 30 janvier 1858 à Lisse, est un aristocrate et un zoologiste néerlandais. Son père, Jacob Temminck, est trésorier de Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales qui destine son fils à devenir un employé de la Compagnie. Coenraad devient, à dix-sept ans, commissaire-priseur. Mais sensibilisé à l'histoire naturelle par son père dont la collection personnelle est enrichie par François Levaillant (1753-1826), il s'oriente vers l'étude des oiseaux. Il entre alors au service de l'ornithologue allemand Meyer à Offenbach qui l'initie à la taxidermie. Temminck est le premier directeur du muséum national d'histoire naturelle de Leyde, poste qu'il occupe de 1820 jusqu'à sa mort. Son Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (1815) devient l'ouvrage de référence sur les oiseaux européens pendant de nombreuses années. Il hérite d'une vaste collection d'oiseaux de son père. Il est aussi l'auteur d'une Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés (1813-1817), des Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux (1817), d'un Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux pour servir de suite... aux planches enluminées de Buffon... (1820-1838), d'une Monographies de mammalogie (1827), d'une Fauna japonica, sive Descriptio animalium, quae, in itinere per Japoniam... (1838-1850), de Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der nederlandsche... (1839-1...http://booksllc.net/?l=fr ... Read more

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Chapters: Vincent Van Gogh, Dick Advocaat, Dirk Kuyt, Boudewijn Zenden, Henk Ten Cate, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Charles Van Commenee, Mark Wotte, Iwan Redan, Tim Krul, Kiki Musampa, Jan Wouters, Jessurun Cardozo, Nabil Abidallah. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 115. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work had a far-reaching influence on 20th century art for its vivid colors and emotional impact. He suffered from anxiety and increasingly frequent bouts of mental illness throughout his life, and died largely unknown, at the age of 37, from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Little appreciated during his lifetime, his fame grew in the years after his death. Today, he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest painters and an important contributor to the foundations of modern art. Van Gogh did not begin painting until his late twenties, and most of his best-known works were produced during his final two years. He produced more than 2,000 artworks, consisting of around 900 paintings and 1,100 drawings and sketches. Although he was little known during his lifetime, his work was a strong influence on the Modernist art that followed. Today many of his piecesincluding his numerous self portraits, landscapes, portraits and sunflowersare among the world's most recognizable and expensive works of art. Van Gogh spent his early adulthood working for a firm of art dealers and traveled between The Hague, London and Paris, after which he taught in England. An early vocational aspiration was to become a pastor and preach the gospel, and from 1879 he worked as a missionary in a mining region in Belgium. During this time he began to sketch people from the local community, and in 1885 painted his first major wo...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=32603 ... Read more

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Kapitel: Jan Hendrik Oort, Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Madjid Samii, Johan Huizinga, Arnold Geulincx, Charles de L'écluse, Ludolph Van Ceulen, Hugo Donellus, Max Van Der Stoel, Wouter Oudemans, Herman Boerhaave, Paul Ehrenfest, John Dugard, David Cohen, Jacobus Golius, Arent Jan Wensinck, Leo Polak, Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, Ryōgo Kubo, Frits Kalshoven, Roy J. Glauber, Sebald Justinus Brugmans, Pieter Lodewijk Muller, Bernhard Friedrich Albinus, Willem Van Eysinga, Horst Fischer, Johann Veit, Carl Ludwig Blume, Jacob Kistemaker, Johann Karl Ludwig Martin, Pierre Daniel Chantepie de La Saussaye, Paul Hermann, Robert Tijdeman, Govard Bidloo, Liesbeth Zegveld, Willebrord Van Roijen Snell, Philip Van Der Eijk, Arnold Vinnius, Pieter Kooijmans, Thomas Erpenius, Johannes Voet, David Van Royen, Joseph Schacht, Rudi Fuchs, Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, Gerhard Noodt, Thomas Aboagye Mensah, Johannes Coccejus, Franciscus Sylvius, Anton Matthäus, Johannes Van Meurs, Ton Koopman, Jan Van Der Hoeven, Pieter Van Musschenbroek, Carel Gabriel Cobet, Hendrik Kraemer, Henri Willy Pleket, Patricia Garfield, Jan J. L. Duyvendak, Hendrik Christoffel Van de Hulst, Bernhardt Jungmann, Willem Hendrik Keesom, Wander Johannes de Haas, Stephan Busch, Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Peter Hotton, Jan Frederik Van Beeck, Willem Jozef Jonckbloet, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, Michael Jan de Goeje, Marc Van Oostendorp, Johann Joseph Hoffmann, Frédéric L. Bastet, Reimar Schefold, Ferdinand Sassen, Erik Zürcher, Simon Vissering, George Alexander Wilken, Jean Nicolas de Parival, Cornelis Van Der Hoeven, Carel de Maets, Kristofer Schipper. Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Dr. Jan Hendrik Oort (28 April 1900 - 5 November 1992) was a Dutch astronomer. He was a pioneer in the field of radio astronomy. The Oort cloud of comets bears his name. Oort was born in Franeker, Friesland and studied in Groningen with Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn....http://booksllc.net/?l=de ... Read more

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Chapters: Pieter Boddaert, Nikolaas Tinbergen, John Gerrard Keulemans, Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Andries Hoogerwerf, Volcher Coiter, Eduard Daniel Van Oort, Karel Voous, Luuk Tinbergen, George Sangster. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 21 December 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals. In the 1960s he collaborated with filmmaker Hugh Falkus on a series of wildlife films, including The Riddle of the Rook (1972) and Signals for Survival (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971. Born in The Hague, Netherlands, he is also noted as the brother of Jan Tinbergen, who won the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. He had a third eminent brother, Luuk Tinbergen who committed suicide in 1955 age 39. Tinbergen's interest in nature manifested itself when he was young. He studied biology at Leiden University and was a prisoner of war during World War II. Tinbergen's experience as a prisoner of the Nazis led to some friction with longtime intellectual collaborator Konrad Lorenz, and it was several years before the two reconciled. After the war, Tinbergen moved to England, where he taught at the University of Oxford. Several of his Oxford graduate students went on to become prominent biologists; these include Richard Dawkins, Marian Dawkins, Desmond Morris, and Iain Douglas Hamilton. He married Elisabeth Rutten and they had five children. Tinbergen died on 21 December 1988, after suffering a stroke at his home in Oxford, England....http://booksllc.net/?id=188094 ... Read more

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A classic in animal social behavior
Nikolaas Tinbergen was one of the major figures in the development of ethology, the study of animal behavior. This is one of his earlier and most important works, studying the social behavior of animals. Later, he was a winner of a Nobel Prize.

This book begins by identifying social behavior as an important focus of study. Its aim is (page v): ". . .the presentation of a biological approach to the phenomena of social behaviour." Emphases? The behavior of animals in nature, studied via observation; the focus on three issues regarding that behavior--function of the behavior (survival value), causation, and evolution.

The book proceeds as follows: The first chapter defines social behavior and its importance, using a series of examples (e.g., the three-spined stickleback fish). After that, chapters consider the following aspects of social behavior--mating, family and group life, fighting, social co-operation, interspecies relationships, growth of social organization. The book concludes by considering evolutionary aspects of social organization, with an emphasis on using comparative methods. The last chapter suggests areas for future research.

As stated, nothing much new here--except that this was a pioneering work that set the stage for future and more sophisticated analyses. It deserves its status as a classic.
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Buy This for Your Kid, Then Read It Yourself
I read this book as a teenager. It stimulated my mind as few others had. I've been recommending it ever since. You won't be disappointed.

A joy! Open yourself up to the world around you!
A fantastic book written by Nobel prize winner Niko Tinbergen. I recommend this book for adults and advanced children alike. I read this when I was in 6th grade and it was the book that lead me on my path to a career in neuroethology.
Tinbergen opens us up to the natural world around us even to those of us who are city dwellers.
Exposing us up to both the world of nature and the methodology of the naturalist he reveals something that the modern day world more and more distracts us from - patient observation and the results that it yields.
I recommended this book to a close friend of mine who has two children, a two year old and kindergartner and he uses this book as a manuel in their nature hikes.
I assure you you will not be disappointed if you purchase this book.

Natural booming
I liked his research on the ethological movement.If you are interested in psychology and this kind of research/studies...this is a good read ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Tinbergen's four questions, named after Nikolaas Tinbergen, are categories of explanations of animal behavior.Elementary school children can answer that animals have vision to help them find food and avoid danger (adaptation). Biologists have three additional explanations: sight is caused by a particular series of evolutionary steps (phylogeny), the mechanics of the eye (causation), and even the process of an individual?s development (ontogeny). Although these answers may be very different, they are consistent with each other. This idea was hashed out in the 1960s when Tinbergen delineated the four questions based on Aristotle's four types of causes. This schema constitutes a basic framework of the overlapping behavioral fields of ethology, behavioral ecology, sociobiology, evolutionary psychology, and comparative psychology. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Nikolaas "Niko" Tinbergen (15 April 1907 ? 21 December 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.In the 1960s he collaborated with filmmaker Hugh Falkus on a series of wildlife films, including The Riddle of the Rook (1972) and Signals for Survival (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971. ... Read more