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A unique legacy, these lecture notes of Schwinger’s course held at the University of California at Los Angeles were carefully edited by his former collaborator Berthold-Georg Englert and constitute both a self-contained textbook on quantum mechanics and an indispensable source of reference on this fundamental subject by one of the foremost thinkers of twentieth century physics.

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Sin-Itiro Tomonaga or Shin'ichir? Tomonaga ( Tomonaga Shin'ichir?, March 31, 1906 ? July 8, 1979) was a Japanese physicist, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 along with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger. Tomonaga was born in Tokyo in 1906. He was the second child and eldest son of a Japanese philosopher, Sanj?r? Tomonaga. He entered the Kyoto Imperial University in 1926. Hideki Yukawa, also a Nobel Prize winner, was one of his classmates during undergraduate school. ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The Schwinger?Dyson equation, named after Julian Schwinger and Freeman Dyson, is an equation of quantum field theory (QFT).To make the connection to diagramatical techniques (like Feynman diagrams) clearer, it's often convenient to split the action S as S[?]=1/2 D-1ij ?i ?j+Sint[?] where the first term is the quadratic part and D-1 is an invertible symmetric (antisymmetric for fermions) covariant tensor of rank two in the deWitt notation whose inverse, D is called the bare propagator and Sint is the "interaction action". ... Read more

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! In physics, the Schwinger model, named after Julian Schwinger, is the model describing 2D Euclidean quantum electrodynamics with a Dirac fermion. This model exhibits a spontaneous symmetry breaking of the U(1) symmetry due to a chiral condensate due to a pool of instantons. The photon in this model becomes a massive particle at low temperatures. This model can be solved exactly and is used as a toy model for other more complex theories. This model exhibits confinement of the fermions and as such, is a toy model for QCD. A handwaving argument why this is so is because in two dimensions, classically, the potential between two charged particles goes linearly, instead of 1/r in 4 dimensions (3 spatial 1 time). ... Read more