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Townes Charles H:     more books (21)

How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist by Charles H. Townes, 2002-02-28 A life in physics: Bell Telephone Laboratories and World War II, Columbia University and the laser, MIT and government service, California and research in astrophysics : oral history transcript / 1994 by Suzanne B Riess, Charles H. ive Townes, et all 2010-09-07 Tomorrow Was Yesterday by Westerhout, Gart ; Yang, Chen Ning ; Townes, Charles H. ; Ochoa, Severo ; Heezen, Bruce ; Piel, Gerard Quantum Electronics: A Symposium Making Waves (Masters of Modern Physics) by Charles H. Townes, 1995 A Life in Physics; Bell Telephone Laboratories and World War Ii, Columbia University and the Laser, Mit and Government Service, California and by Charles H. ive Townes, 2010-01-04 Priorities for Space Research, 1971-80 by Charles H. Townes, 1980-06 NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal: NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Harry H. Hess, T. J. O'Malley, Frederick Seitz, Charles H. Townes Hochschullehrer (Columbia University): Charles H. Townes, Catherine Breillat, Steven Weinberg, Yukawa Hideki, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Polykarp Kusch (German Edition) TOMORROW WAS YESTERDAY. This Volume Includes: The Laser - Maser Light (Townes); The Mapping of the Galaxy (Westerhout); The Mid - Ocean Ridge and Rift (Heezen); The Fourth Force (Yang); Cracking the Genetic Code (Ochoa); Science and Human Purpose (Piel). by Gart.Charles H. Townes. (SIGNED)Bruce Heezen.Chen Ning Yang.Gerard Piel. WESTERHOUT, 1964 Tomorrow Was Yesterday by Westerhout, Gart ; Yang, Chen Ning ; Townes, Charles H. ; Ochoa, Severo ; Heezen, Bruce ; Piel, Gerard by Gart ; Yang, Chen Ning ; Townes, Charles H. ; Ochoa, Severo ; Heezen, Bruce ; Piel, Gerard Westerhout, 1964 HOW THE LASER HAPPENED: Adventures of a Scientist by Charles H. Townes, 1999 1964 Nobel lecture: [production of coherent radiation by atoms and molecules] by Charles H Townes, 1965 Quantum Electroniocs a Symposium by Charles H. Townes, 1960-01-01

lists with details

61. Nobel Prize - UC Berkeley Nobel Prize Winners
    Current Faculty nobel Laureates 2001 George A. Akerlof (Economics). 1980- Czeslaw Milosz (Literature). 1964 - charles H. townes (Physics).  
    http://www.berkeley.edu/news/features/2000/nobel/uc_nobels.html
    
    Extractions: UC Berkeley's 18 Nobel Prize Winners Current Faculty Nobel Laureates 2001 - George A. Akerlof (Economics) 2000 - Daniel L. McFadden (Economics) 1986 - Yuan T. Lee (Chemistry) 1983 - Gerard Debreu (Economics) 1980 - Czeslaw Milosz (Literature) 1964 - Charles H. Townes (Physics) 1960 - Donald A. Glaser (Physics) 1959 - Owen Chamberlain (Physics) Faculty Nobel Laureates deceased or no longer at UC Berkeley 1994 - John C. Harsanyi (Economics) 1968 - Luis Alvarez (Physics) 1961 - Melvin Calvin (Chemistry) 1959 - Emilio G. Segre (Physics) 1951 - Edwin M. McMillan (Chemistry) 1951 - Glenn T. Seaborg (Chemistry) 1949 - William F. Giauque (Chemistry) 1946 - John H. Northrop (Chemistry) 1946 - Wendell M. Stanley (Chemistry)

62. Caltech Nobel And Crafoord Laureates
    nobel Laureates–29 winners (17 alumni), 30 prizes Name. Field. Year. Status. Peace.1962. Faculty. charles H. townes, PhD '39. Physics. 1964. Richard Feynman.  
    http://www.caltech.edu/nobel-crafoord/
    
    Extractions: Nobel Laureates Name Field Year Status Robert A. Millikan Physics Faculty Thomas Hunt Morgan Physiology or Medicine Faculty Carl D. Anderson, BS '27, PhD '30 Physics Faculty Edwin M. McMillan, BS '28, MS '29 Chemistry Linus Pauling, PhD '25 Chemistry Faculty William Shockley, BS '32 Physics George W. Beadle Physiology or Medicine Faculty Donald A. Glaser, PhD '50 Physics Rudolf Mossbauer Physics Faculty Peace Faculty Charles H. Townes, PhD '39 Physics Richard Feynman Physics Faculty Murray Gell-Mann Physics Faculty Physiology or Medicine Faculty *David Baltimore Physiology or Medicine President; Faculty Renato Dulbecco Physiology or Medicine Former faculty Leo James Rainwater, BS '39 Physics Howard M. Temin, PhD '60 Physiology or Medicine William N. Lipscomb, PhD '46 Chemistry Robert W. Wilson, PhD '62 Physics Roger W. Sperry Physiology or Medicine Faculty Kenneth G. Wilson, PhD '61 Physics William A. Fowler, PhD '36 Physics Faculty *Rudolph A. Marcus Chemistry Faculty *Edward B. Lewis, PhD '42 Physiology or Medicine Faculty Douglas D. Osheroff, BS '67 Physics Robert C. Merton, MS '67

63. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1996)
    The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the first Mayer Nuclearshell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 charles H. townes MaserLaser  
    http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/faq/nobel.html

64. AFOSR Nobel Winners
    Air Force Office of Scientific Research nobel Prize Winners Sponsored by AFOSR.Name principles . 1963, 1958. charles H. townes Massachusetts  
    http://www.afosr.af.mil/afrnobel.htm

65. NPQ
    The more than 100 nobel prizewinning signatories to the attached (Physics, 1993)Susumu Tonegawa (Physiology/Medicine, 1987) charles H. townes (Physics, 1964  
    http://www.npq.org/archive/2002_spring/against_unil.html
    
    Extractions: Against Unilateralism The more than 100 Nobel prize-winning signatories to the attached statement have their own individual priorities in viewing the future, but all agree to this broad outline of the challenge facing humankind. Among scientists signing are Dr. Francis Crick (Physiology/Medicine, 1962), co-discoverer of the double-helix; Dr. Hans Bethe (Physics, 1967), discoverer of the source of the sun's energy; Dr. Charles Townes (Physics, 1964), co-discoverer of the laser, and Drs. Mario Molina (Chemistry, 1995) and Paul Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995), honored for their studies of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the ozone hole. Among literature winners are Nadine Gordimer (1991), and among peace prize winners Mikhail Gorbachev (1990), Archbishop Desmond Tutu (1984) and His Holiness the Dalai Lama (1989). Stockholm -The terrorization of civilian populations has, for too long, been a horrifying aspect of the global scene. The time has come to end it. This will require a reshaping of relations within the human family. Our statement, addressed to the long term, is a plea for just such a reassessment of our obligations to one another.

66. John Polanyi Official Website Nobel Statement, Signatories, Statement By Nobel L
    the occasion of the onehundredth anniversary of the nobel Prize. (Physics, 1993);Susumu Tonegawa (Physiology/Medicine, 1987); charles H. townes (Physics, 1964  
    http://www.utoronto.ca/jpolanyi/nobelstatement/signatures.html
    
    Extractions: on the occasion of the one-hundredth anniversary of the Nobel Prize Zhores I. Alferov (Physics, 2000) Sidney Altman (Chemistry, 1989) Philip W. Anderson (Physics, 1977) Oscar Arias Sanchez (Peace, 1987) J. Georg Bednorz (Physics, 1987) Bishop Carlos F. X. Belo (Peace, 1996) Baruj Benacerraf (Physiology/Medicine, 1980) Hans A. Bethe (Physics, 1967) Gerd K. Binnig (Physics, 1986) James W. Black (Physiology/Medicine, 1988) Guenter Blobel (Physiology/Medicine, 1999) Nicolaas Bloembergen (Physics, 1981) Norman E. Borlaug (Peace, 1970) Paul D. Boyer (Chemistry, 1997) Bertram N. Brockhouse (Physics, 1994) Herbert C. Brown (Chemistry, 1979) Georges Charpak (Physics, 1992) Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (Physics, 1997) John W. Cornforth (Chemistry, 1975) Francis H.C. Crick (Physiology/ Medicine, 1962) James W. Cronin (Physics, 1980) Paul J. Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995) Robert F. Curl (Chemistry, 1996) His Holiness The Dalai Lama (Peace, 1989) Johann Deisenhofer (Chemistry, 1988) Peter C. Doherty (Physiology/Medicine, 1996) Manfred Eigen (Chemistry, 1967)

67. Www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt
    by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards MayerNuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 charles H. townes MaserLaser  
    http://www.npac.syr.edu/textbook/kidsweb/physics/nobel.txt
    
    Extractions: The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-1993) updated 15-OCT-1993 by SIC - original by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. 1901 Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen X-rays 1902 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Magnetism in radiation phenomena Pieter Zeeman 1903 Antoine Henri Bequerel Spontaneous radioactivity Pierre Curie Marie Sklowdowska-Curie 1904 Lord Rayleigh Density of gases and (a.k.a. John William Strutt) discovery of argon 1905 Pilipp Eduard Anton von Lenard Cathode rays 1906 Joseph John Thomson Conduction of electricity by gases 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson Precision meteorological investigations 1908 Gabriel Lippman Reproducing colors photographically based on the phenomenon of interference 1909 Guglielmo Marconi Wireless telegraphy Carl Ferdinand Braun 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Equation of state of fluids 1911 Wilhelm Wien Laws of radiation of heat 1912 Nils Gustaf Dalen Automatic gas flow regulators 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Matter at low temperature 1914 Max von Laue Crystal diffraction of X-rays 1915 William Henry Bragg X-ray analysis of crystal structure William Lawrence Bragg 1917 Charles Glover Barkla Characteristic X-ray spectra of elements 1918 Max Planck Energy quanta 1919 Johannes Stark Splitting of spectral lines in E fields 1920 Charles-Edouard Guillaume Anomalies in nickel steel alloys 1921 Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect 1922 Niels Bohr Structure of atoms 1923 Robert Andrew Millikan Elementary charge of electricity 1924 Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn X-ray spectroscopy 1925 James Franck Impact of an electron upon an atom Gustav Hertz 1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Sedimentation equilibrium 1927 Arthur Holly Compton Compton effect Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Invention of the Cloud chamber 1928 Owen Willans Richardson Thermionic phenomena, Richardson's Law 1929 Prince Louis-Victor de Broglie Wave nature of electrons 1930 Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Scattering of light, Raman effect 1932 Werner Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics 1933 Erwin Schrodinger Atomic theory Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac 1935 James Chadwick The neutron 1936 Victor Franz Hess Cosmic rays Carl D. Anderson The positron 1937 Clinton Joseph Davisson Crystal diffraction of electrons George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements 1939 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Invention of the Cyclotron 1943 Otto Stern Proton magnetic moment 1944 Isador Isaac Rabi Magnetic resonance in atomic nuclei 1945 Wolfgang Pauli The Exclusion principle 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman Production of extremely high pressures 1947 Sir Edward Victor Appleton Physics of the upper atmosphere 1948 Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett Cosmic ray showers in cloud chambers 1949 Hideki Yukawa Prediction of Mesons 1950 Cecil Frank Powell Photographic emulsion for meson studies 1951 Sir John Douglas Cockroft Artificial acceleration of atomic Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton particles and transmutation of nuclei 1952 Felix Bloch Nuclear magnetic precision methods Edward Mills Purcell 1953 Frits Zernike Phase-contrast microscope 1954 Max Born Fundamental research in QM Walther Bothe Coincidence counters 1955 Willis Eugene Lamb Hydrogen fine structure Polykarp Kusch Electron magnetic moment 1956 William Shockley Transistors John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain 1957 Chen Ning Yang Parity violation Tsung Dao Lee 1958 Pavel Aleksejevic Cerenkov Interpretation of the Cerenkov effect Il'ja Mickajlovic Frank Igor' Evgen'evic Tamm 1959 Emilio Gino Segre The Antiproton Owen Chamberlain 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser The Bubble Chamber 1961 Robert Hofstadter Electron scattering on nucleons Rudolf Ludwig Mossbauer Resonant absorption of photons 1962 Lev Davidovic Landau Theory of liquid helium 1963 Eugene P. Wigner Fundamental symmetry principles Maria Goeppert Mayer Nuclear shell structure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes Maser-Laser principle Nikolai G. Basov Alexander M. Prochorov 1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Quantum electrodynamics Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler Study of Hertzian resonance in atoms 1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe Energy production in stars 1968 Luis W. Alvarez Discovery of many particle resonances 1969 Murray Gell-Mann Quark model for particle classification 1970 Hannes Alfven Magneto-hydrodynamics in plasma physics Louis Neel Antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism 1971 Dennis Gabor Principles of holography 1972 John Bardeen Theory of superconductivity Leon N. Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki Tunneling in superconductors Ivar Giaever Brian D. Josephson Super-current through tunnel barriers 1974 Antony Hewish Discovery of pulsars Sir Martin Ryle Pioneering radioastronomy work 1975 Aage Bohr Structure of the atomic nucleus Ben Mottelson James Rainwater 1976 Burton Richter Discovery of the J/Psi particle Samual Chao Chung Ting 1977 Philip Warren Anderson Electronic structure of magnetic and Nevill Francis Mott disordered solids John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa Liquifaction of helium Arno A. Penzias Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert W. Wilson 1979 Sheldon Glashow Electroweak Theory, especially Steven Weinberg weak neutral currents Abdus Salam 1980 James Cronin Discovery of CP violation in the Val Fitch asymmetric decay of neutral K-mesons 1981 Kai M. Seigbahn High resolution electron spectroscopy Nicolaas Bleombergen Laser spectroscopy Arthur L. Schawlow 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Critical phenomena in phase transitions 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Evolution of stars William A. Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia Discovery of W,Z Simon van der Meer Stochastic cooling for colliders 1985 Klaus von Klitzing Discovery of quantum Hall effect 1986 Gerd Binning Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Heinrich Rohrer Ernst August Friedrich Ruska Electron microscopy 1987 Georg Bednorz High-temperature superconductivity Alex K. Muller 1988 Leon Max Lederman Discovery of the muon neutrino leading Melvin Schwartz to classification of particles in Jack Steinberger families 1989 Hans Georg Dehmelt Penning Trap for charged particles Wolfgang Paul Paul Trap for charged particles Norman F. Ramsey Control of atomic transitions by the separated oscillatory fields method 1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman Deep inelastic scattering experiments Henry Way Kendall leading to the discovery of quarks Richard Edward Taylor 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Order-disorder transitions in liquid crystals and polymers 1992 Georges Charpak Multiwire Proportional Chamber 1993 Russell A. Hulse Discovery of the first binary pulsar Joseph H. Taylor and subsequent tests of GR

68. Days Of Cal | Cal Nobel Prize Winners
    Cal has had more nobel Laureates than any other American university except Harvardand the University of Chicago. 1964, charles H. townes (Physics) University  
    http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/calhistory/nobel.html
    
    Extractions: The University of California, Berkeley, can boast of having 17 Nobel Laureates in its distinguished history of research and discovery. Beginning with Ernest O. Lawrence in 1939, these professors represent a wide range of scholarly pursuits: from physics to economics, from molecular and cell biology to slavic languages and literature. Cal has had more Nobel Laureates than any other American university except Harvard and the University of Chicago.

69. Caltech Nobel And Crafoord Laureates
    nobel Laureates NAME / DEGREE, FIELD, YEAR. Rudolf Mössbauer, physics, 1961.charles H. townes Ph.D. '39, physics, 1964. Richard Feynman, physics, 1965.  
    http://prfmp.caltech.edu/catalog/02_03/geninfo/nobel2.html

70. Columbia University Press Releases -- Nobel Winners
    alumni. Columbia has eight nobel laureates on its faculty at present. 46).1964, charles H. townes, former faculty member (194861). 1965,  
    http://www.columbia.edu/cu/pr/special/nowin.html
    
    Extractions: Associate Vice President Oct. 2001 Columbia's Nobel Prize Winners: Sixty-four persons who have taught or studied at Columbia University have won the Nobel Prize since it was first awarded in 1901. Twenty-one current or former faculty members have won the prize for work done while at Columbia; 17 Nobels have gone to other faculty or former faculty for work done elsewhere; 37 have been won by Columbia alumni. Columbia has eight Nobel laureates on its faculty at present. Faculty or alumni from the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science are indicated by an underscore Category Year Laureate Chemistry Irving Langmuir (Metallurgical Eng. degree 1903, M.A. 1906) John H. Northrop (B.S. 1912, M.A. 1913, Ph.D. 1915) William H. Stein (Ph.D. 1938) Roald Hoffmann (B.A. 1958) Herbert A. Hauptman (M.A. 1939) Sidney Altman (graduate student, teaching assistant, 1960-62) William S. Knowles (Ph.D. 1942)

71. More Info - Maser/Laser (April 08, 2000)
    7 1960 The first working laser was built by Theodore H. Maiman of Hughes Corporation8 October 29, 1964 nobel prize awarded to charles townes, Nikolai G  
    http://www.earthsky.com/2000/esmi000408.html
    
    Extractions: http://www.invent.org/book/book-text/104.html Robert Buderi, The Invention That Changed the World, Simon and Schuster 1996, pp. 334-353 J.P.Gordon , H.J. Zeiger and Charles H.Townes , "Molecular microwave oscillator and new hyperfine structure in the microwave spectrum of NH3 ", Physical Review, vol. 95 p. 282, 1954 J.P. Gordon "The maser - new type of microwave amplifier, frequency standard, and spectrometer." The Physical Review, 1955, vol. 99, no. 4: pp. 1264-1274

72. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-1997)
    is to watch the nobel Foundation web site at http//www.nobel.se/. Mayer Nuclear shellstructure J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 1958 charles H. townes MaserLaser  
    http://www.weburbia.demon.co.uk/physics/nobel.html
    
    Extractions: original by Scott I. Chase The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se/

73. The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners: Physics
    Advertisement. nobel Prize Winners for Physics. 1964, Nikolai G. Basov AleksanderM. Prochorov charles H. townes, Soviet Union Soviet Union United States.  
    http://history1900s.about.com/library/misc/blnobelphysics.htm

74. Hall Of Scientists & Inventors
    charles Goodyear. William Gorgas. Cecil H Green. Lafcadio Hearn. Alfred nobel. Alfrednobel. Robert Oppenheimer. Clyde Tombaugh. charles townes. Vladimir Kzworykin.  
    http://www.virtualology.com/virtualsciencecenter.com/hallofscientists/

75. Speakers Bureau: Humility Theology Information Center
    Dr. charles H. townes Dr. townes received the nobel Prize for his contributionsto physics. He is presently a Professor in the Graduate  
    http://www.templeton.org/speakers/bios.asp?id=4

76. Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
    charles H. townes, Ph.D., Professor in the Graduate School, University of Californiaat Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, was Dr. townes received the nobel Prize in  
    http://www.columbusfdn.org/past/1999.asp
    
    Extractions: The Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation is honored to have had the assistance of the following distinguished individuals serving on the Frank Annunzio Awards Evaluation Committee: 1999 Evaluation Committee Rita Dove, Ph.D. - Commonwealth Professor of English at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Bob Edwards - Host, Morning Edition , National Public Radio, Washington, D.C. Alice Stone Ilchman, Ph.D. - President of Sarah Lawrence College and Chair of the Board, Rockefeller Foundation, Bronxville, NY Reeve Lindbergh - President, Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Minneapolis, MN

77. Physics - Fizika
    1964 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to townes, charles H., (photo)USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge, MA, b. 1915;.  
    http://www.radnoti.hu/common/nobel/fizika.htm

78. NPQ
    in consultation with an extensive group of nobel prize winners (Physics, 1993)Susumu Tonegawa (Physiology/Medicine, 1987) charles H. townes (Physics, 1964  
    http://www.digitalnpq.org/global_services/nobel laureates/12.07.01.html
    
    Extractions: EDITOR'S NOTE: One hundred fifty Nobel Laureates will gather in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway, on Dec. 7 for an unprecedented celebration marking the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. The prize winners in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and economics meet in Stockholm, where their prizes were awarded, and, correspondingly, the peace prize winners meet in Oslo. The more than 100 signatories to the attached statement have their own individual priorities in viewing the future, but all agree to this broad outline of the challenge facing humankind. Among scientists signing are Dr. Francis Crick (Physiology/Medicine, 1962), co-discoverer of the double-helix; Dr. Hans Bethe (Physics, 1967), discoverer of the source of the sun's energy; Dr. Charles Townes (Physics, 1964), co-discoverer of the laser, and Drs. Mario Molina (Chemistry, 1995) and Paul Crutzen (Chemistry, 1995), honored for their studies of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the ozone hole.

79. UU World Mar/Apr 2002: The Dispossessed, By 100 Nobel Laureates
    the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first nobel prizes. Physics, 1993Susumu Tonegawa Physiology/Medicine, 1997 charles H. townes Physics, 1964  
    http://www.uua.org/world/2002/02/prophecy.html
    
    Extractions: p r o p h e c y The following statement was released on December 7, 2001, by 100 Nobel Prize winners to coincide with the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel prizes. Although the statement began circulating among the laureates last summer, most of them signed it after September 11. The most profound danger to world Peace in the coming years will stem not from the irrational acts of states or individuals but from the legitimate demands of the world's dispossessed. Of these poor and disenfranchised, the majority live a marginal existence in equatorial climates. Global warming, not of their making but originating with the wealthy few, will affect their fragile ecologies most. Their situation will be desperate and manifestly unjust. It cannot be expected, therefore, that in all cases they will be content to await the beneficence of the rich. If then we permit the devastating power of modern weaponry to spread through this combustible human landscape, we invite a conflagration that can engulf both rich and poor. The only hope for the future lies in cooperative international action, legitimized by democracy. It is time to turn our backs on the unilateral search for security, in which we seek to shelter behind walls. Instead, we must persist in the quest for united action to counter both global warming and a weaponized world.

80. Nobel Prize Winners Support Basic Science
    Americans have been awarded more than onehalf of all nobel Prizes in Ph.D., HenryW. Kendall, Ph.D., D.Sc., Paul A. Samuelson, Ph.D., charles H. townes, Ph.D  
    http://www.sdsc.edu/SDSCwire/v2.13/nobelists.html
    
    Extractions: Policy News Number 101: June 26, 1996 The letter, dated June 19, follows: "Dear President Clinton and Members of Congress: "As men and women who have helped to shape the modern scientific age and who care deeply about the future of our nation, we urge you to reaffirm the fundamental role of the federal government in supporting basic scientific research. "Americans have been awarded more than one-half of all Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry and medicine since 1945. This impressive success is no accident, but the result of a firm and consistent commitment by the federal government to basic science research at our universities. Our nation's policymakers and public have been prudent investors because their support has paid off in tremendous ways. "America's investment in research over the last fifty years has been a vital source of our economic and political strength around the world, as well as the quality of life Americans enjoy at home. The polio vaccine, computers, jet propulsion and disease resistant grains and vegetables are some of the thousands of advances pioneered at our universities that have had dramatic benefits for our health, economy, security and quality of life. "New and equally breathtaking advances may be just around the corner. Genetic research, for example, gives promise of better treatments for Alzheimer's, cancer and other diseases. Lighter and stronger composite materials may be developed with important applications in transportation, medicine and the military. Continuing support for university-based research will not only pave the way for these important breakthroughs, but will also train the next generation of pioneers and Nobelists.

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