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Giaever Ivar:     more detail

Norwegian Physicists: Lars Onsager, Kristian Birkeland, Carl Størmer, Christopher Hansteen, Kalbe Razi Naqvi, Ivar Giaever Hochschullehrer (Oslo): Ivar Giaever, Viktor Moritz Goldschmidt, Arne Næss, Fridtjof Nansen, Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, Johan Sebastian Welhaven (German Edition) Hamar Katedralskole Alumni: Jan Åge Fjørtoft, Ivar Giaever, Ingvald Godal, Eskil Ervik, Sigurd Evensmo, Per Imerslund, Matias Faldbakken I Am Right You Are Wrong: From This to the New Renaissance: From Rock Logic to Water Logic by Edward de Bono, 1992-12-01 ELECTRON TUNNELING IN SUPERCONDUCTORS. 1973 Nobel Lecture in Physics Delivered 12 December 1973 Stockholm, Sweden. by Ivar. Nobel Laureate in Physics. GIAEVER, 1974-01-01 Electron tunneling in superconductors: 1973 Nobel Lecture in Physics, delivered 12 December 1973, Stockholm, Sweden by Ivar Giaever, 1974

lists with details

1. Ivar Giaever - Biography
   ivar giaever married Inger Skramstad in 1952 and they have four children Notes addedLinus Pauling is reported to have said that the nobel Prize did not change  
   http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.html
   
   Extractions: Ivar Giaever was born in Bergen, Norway, April 5, 1929, the second of three children. He grew up in Toten where his father, John A. Giaever, was a pharmacist. He attended elementary school in Toten but received his secondary education in the city of Hamar. Next he worked one year at the Raufoss Munition Factories before entering the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1948. He graduated in 1952 with a degree in mechanical engineering. Giaever emigrated to Canada in 1954 and after a short period as an architect's aide he joined Canadian General Electric's Advanced Engineering Program. In 1956, he emigrated to the USA where he completed the General Electric Company's A, B and C engineering courses. In these he worked in various assignments as an applied mathematician. He joined the General Electric Research and Development Center in 1958 and concurrently started to study physics at Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute where he obtained a Ph.D. degree in 1964. From 1958 to 1969 Dr. Giaever worked in the fields of thin films, tunneling and superconductivity. In 1965 he was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Prize for some pioneering work combining tunneling and superconductivity. In 1969 he received a Guggenheim Fellowship and thereupon spent one year in Cambridge, England studying biophysics. Since returning to the Research and Development Center in 1970, Dr. Giaever has spent most of his effort studying the behavior of protein molecules at solid surfaces. In recognition of his work he was elected a Coolidge fellow at General Electric in May, 1973.

2. Ivar Giaever - Nobel Lecture
   ivar giaever – nobel Lecture. Electron tunneling and superconductivity. ivar giaeverBiography nobel Lecture. Brian D. Josephson Curriculum Vitae nobel Lecture.  
   http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-lecture.html

3. Ivar Giaever Winner Of The 1973 Nobel Prize In Physics
   ivar giaever, a nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the nobel PrizeInternet Archive. ivar giaever. 1973 nobel Laureate in Physics  
   http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1973b.html

4. Giaever, Ivar
   ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973. UPI/CorbisBettmann. (b. April 5, 1929, Bergen,Nor.), Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the nobel Prize for  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/233_51.html
   
   Extractions: Ivar Giaever in his laboratory, 1973 UPI/Corbis-Bettmann (b. April 5, 1929, Bergen, Nor.), Norwegian-born American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson for work in solid-state physics. Giaever received an engineering degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim in 1952 and became a patent examiner for the Norwegian government. In 1954 he migrated to Canada, where he worked as a mechanical engineer with the General Electric Company in Ontario. In 1956 he was transferred to General Electric's Development Center in Schenectady, N.Y. There he shifted his interest to physics and did graduate work at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., receiving a Ph.D. in 1964. Giaever conducted most of his work in solid-state physics and particularly in superconductivity. He pursued the possible applications to superconductor technology of Esaki's work in tunneling, eventually "marrying," as he put it, the two concepts to produce superconductor devices that flouted previously accepted limitations and allowed electrons to pass like waves of radiation through "holes" in solid-state devices. Using a sandwich consisting of an insulated piece of superconducting metal and a normal one, he achieved new tunneling effects that led to greater understanding of superconductivity and that provided support for the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which John Bardeen (B), Leon Cooper (C), and John Robert Schrieffer (S) had won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1972. It was for this workbased in part on Esaki's and further developed by Josephsonthat Giaever shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with Esaki and Josephson.

5. Nobel Prize Winners G-I
   for behaviour of molecules, giaever, ivar, 1973, physics, US, tunnelingin semiconductors and superconductors, Giauque, William Francis,  
   http://www.britannica.com/nobel/win_g-i.html
   
   Extractions: Article Year Category Country* Achievement Literary Area Gabor, Dennis physics U.K. invention of holography Gajdusek, D. Carleton physiology/medicine U.S. studies of origin and spread of infectious diseases Galsworthy, John literature U.K. novelist literature Colombia novelist, journalist, social critic peace Mexico Gasser, Herbert Spencer physiology/medicine U.S. researches on differentiated functions of nerve fibres Gell-Mann, Murray physics U.S. classification of elementary particles and their interactions Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de physics France discovery of general rules for behaviour of molecules Giaever, Ivar physics U.S. tunneling in semiconductors and superconductors Giauque, William Francis chemistry U.S. behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures literature France novelist, essayist Gilbert, Walter chemistry U.S. development of chemical and biological analyses of DNA structure Gilman, Alfred G. physiology/medicine U.S. discovery of cell signalers called G-proteins Gjellerup, Karl Adolph literature Denmark novelist Glaser, Donald A.

6. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Giaever, Ivar (1973) (A-L)
   Winners Physics AL giaever, ivar (1973). World Book Online Articleon giaever, ivar; Biography (nobel site); giaever, ivar (1973).  
   http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Bio

7. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Giaever, Ivar (A-L)
   AL giaever, ivar. World Book Online Article on giaever, ivar; Biography(nobel site); giaever, ivar (1973). Privacy Policy Terms  
   http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Sci

8. Ivar Giaever WWW Page
   ivar giaever. nobel prize applied biophysics tissue culture electrical impedancesuperconductors famous scientist superconductivity tunneling superconductor  
   http://www.rpi.edu/~giaevi/
   
   Extractions: E-mail: giaevi@rpi.edu nobel prize applied biophysics tissue culture electrical impedance superconductors famous scientist superconductivity tunneling superconductor physics noble nobel immunology adsorbed protein surface physics cell morphology josephson esaki cell high throughput screening keese norsk vitenskap tunnelling Positions Honorary Degrees: Listing National Academies: Listing Solid State Physics: Superconductivity, Tunneling

9. Hall Of Fame: Ivar Giaever
   ivar giaever. ivar giaever, Class of 1964 Research Scientist, nobel Laureate 1929 In his native Norway, giaever earned a degree in mechanical engineering.  
   http://www.rpi.edu/dept/NewsComm/sub/fame/inductees/ivargiaever.html

10. Giaever, Ivar (1929-) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography
    Prize Winners , nobel Prize , Physics Prize v. giaever, ivar (1929), Heshared the 1973 nobel Prize with Esaki and Josephson. Esaki, Josephson.  
    http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Giaever.html

11. Professor Ivar Giaever
    M. James Lecture Professor ivar giaever Rensselear Polytechnic Institute Title AnElectrical Method To Monitor Cell In Tissue Culture nobel Prize Winner in  
    http://www.physics.purdue.edu/colloq/james_lecture/giaever.html
    
    Extractions: Ivar Giaver is internationally known for his pioneering studies in superconductivity which led to the landmark discovery of tunneling in superconductors and for which he received the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics. Since 1988 he has been the Institute Professor of Physics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Dr. Giaever was born in Norway in 1928 and received the degree of Mechanical Engineering from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1952. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1956 and received the Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1964 from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute while working at General Electric. In 1970 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and used it to study biophysics at Cambridge University. He served as an adjunct professor of physics at the University of California, San Diego, in 1975 and as a visiting professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla. In 1988 he was Professor-at-Large at the University of Oslo. In addition to his academic duties he is also president of Applied Biophysics Inc., a small company that is developing and exploring applications of electric cell-substrate inpedance sensor (ECIS). His current interest are focused on the behavior of organic molecules at solid surfaces and the interaction of cells with surfaces.

12. Giaever
    Professor ivar giaever. Rensselear Polytechnic Institute. nobel Prize Winnerin 1973, member of the National Academy and recipient of numerous awards.  
    http://www.physics.purdue.edu/colloq/98-99/Giaever.html

13. Nobel Physics Prize - Press Release 1973
    23 October 1973 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the1973 nobel Prize in Physics to Leo Esaki, USA, ivar giaever, USA and Brian D  
    http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/press.html

14. Physics 1973
    nobel Prize in Physics 19012000 http//www.nobel.se, The nobel Prize in Physics1973. Leo Esaki, ivar giaever, Brian David Josephson. Japan, USA, Great Britain.  
    http://physics.uplb.edu.ph/laureates/1973/

15. Giaever, Ivar -- Encyclopædia Britannica Online Article
    ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973. UPI/CorbisBettmann. Norwegian-born Americanphysicist who shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and  
    http://search.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=37434&query=ivar aasen&ct=eb

16. Search Results For Ivar Aasen - Encyclopædia Britannica - The Online Encycloped
    giaever, ivar ivar giaever in his laboratory, 1973.Norwegianborn American physicistwho shared the nobel Prize for Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian  
    http://search.britannica.com/search?query=Ivar Aasen&ct=eb

17. Nobel Prize Winner Ivar Giaever Gives Lecture In Tokyo On The
    nobel prize winner ivar giaever gives lecture in Tokyo. Related Link nobeleMuseum -ivar giaever ivar giaever. (02/11/01). Norway News Top  
    http://www.norway.or.jp/infolink/topics/e_011102.html
    
    Extractions: Nobel prize winner Ivar Giaever gives lecture in Tokyo On the initiative of The Norwegian Trade Council and The Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo the Nobel Prize winner Dr. Ivar Giaever visited the Embassy on October 29, to give a lecture for prominent Japanese and Norwegian scientists as well as for Norwegian business representatives in Japan. The professor visited Japan this time in connection with the participation in the Nobel Prize winner forum "Creativity in the 21st century", involving Japanese laureates and some of their foreign counterparts. During his 45 minutes lecture, the audience was given a comprehensive and impressing overview of the importance of science and technology in the future development of our modern society. The event at the Norwegian Embassy in Tokyo was also very fruitful for networking among key persons within science and technology in Norway and Japan, and was a follow-up activity of the State visit to Japan earlier this year. The focus on cooperation will be further highlighted with the signing of the bilateral science and technology agreement between the two governments, likely to take place during the Norwegian Prime Minister's planned visit to Japan in April 2002. Professor Giaever was born in Norway and immigrated to North America after his university degree at Norwegian Institute of Technology. He now resides in New York and performs his work at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute as institute professor.

18. ?
    ? nobel eMuseum -ivar giaever http//www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/giaever-bio.htmlRensselaer Polytechnic Institute - ivar giaever http  
    http://www.norway.or.jp/infolink/topics/011104.html

19. Nobel-díjasok
    1973 Eszaki Leo (1925, Japán); giaever, ivar (1929-, USA); Josephson, BrianDavid (1940-, Anglia) Eszaki és giaever a nobel-díjat a félvezetokben  
    http://www.szulocsatorna.hu/fizika/atom/nobel.htm
    
    Extractions: Készítette : Porkoláb Tamás 1901 Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845-1923, Német Birodalom): "a róla elnevezett sugarak fölfedezésével szerzett rendkívüli érdemeinek elismeréseként". 1903 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852-1908, Franciaország); Curie, Pierre (1859-1906, Franciaország) és Curie, Marie szül. Sklodowska (1867-1934, Franciaország): Becqerel a Nobel-díjat "a spontán radioaktivitás fölfedezésével nyújtott rendkívüli tejesítményének elismeréseként" nyerte el. Marie és Pierre Curie "a Henri Becquerel által fölfedezett sugárzási jelenségekre vonatkozó együttes vizsgálataikért kapták a díjat. 1905 Lenard, Philipp (1862-1947, Német Birodalom): "a katódsugarakkal összefüggõ munkáiért". 1906 Thomson, Sir Joseph John (1856-1940, Anglia) : "a gázokon áthaladó elektromosság elméleti és kísérleti vizsgálataival szerzett érdemei elismeréséül". 1914 Laue, Max von (1879-1960, Német Birodalom): "a kristályokon áthaladó röntgensugarak elhajlásának fölfedezéséért". 1915 Bragg, William Henry (1862-1942, Anglia);

20. Untitled
    attend the meeting linked to the www.nobel.se webpage with info about each. Alferov,Zhores Chu, Steven Esaki, Leo Fischer, Ernst giaever, ivar Huber, Robert  
    http://www.phys.vt.edu/~ucn/Lindau2001/laureate.html

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