Khayyam Later he headed a group of mathematicians and astronomers, whose aim was to definemore In 1079 Khayyam translated from arabian into Persian Abu Ali ibn Sina's http://firetin.internet-bg.net/khayyam/khayyam.htm
Extractions: Abu-l-Fatgh Omar ibn Ibrahim Khayyam is one of the Persian encyclopaedists of the early Middle ages. As a philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physician and a poet he is the author of several scientific works in all these fields, as well as of a tractate in music. His worldwide fame, however, is due to his unique quatrains, which bring the rubayait genre of the classic Persian literature to its zenith. He was born on 18-th May, 1048 in the town of Nishapur, or in one of its nearby settlements. According to some documents his youth passed in Nishapur, others assert that he lived and studied in the town of Balkh, and returned to Nishapur not until the last years of his life. Since 1070 till 1074 the young scientist lived in the town of Bukhara - the main cultural center of the Karakhinid state. In 1074 Khayyam moved to the town of Isfahan - the capital of the Seldjuck sultanate. He was invited there not as a poet, but as a prominent mathematician and astronomer and was put in charge of the building and equipping of an observatory. Later he headed a group of mathematicians and astronomers, whose aim was to define more accurately the calendar system used at that time. The philosopher worked in the Isfahan observatory till 1092, when the group activity and of the observatory itself was suspended. During these eighteen years spent in one of most beautiful towns of the East, along with his occupation in astronomy, Khayyam wrote one mathematical and four philosophical tractates.
Fibonacci From FOLDOC Fibonacci series , philosophy of science, arabian philosophy, arabian science Leonardo Chika Emekwulu, Fibonacci Numbers For Research mathematicians AI http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Fibonacci
Extractions: The Jinniyah and The Greatest Number: How the female genie helped the mathematician to keep his head. And why there is always a greatest number if there are any numbers at all. Is it a life and death matter if mathematicians use their language as though everything is numbers? Here? Definitely! (Hey math people, if you say there's no greatest number, you say numbers are everything. Don't say that!) More... Mythology for Modern Democracy Liberty Topless/Topfree Infinity and The Book of Changes Totalitarian Math The Lady of The Lake or The Rings of Pi ... Voting Paradise The Jinniyah and The Greatest Number by Paul Cornell du Houx There was a man who went about the town proclaiming that there was no largest number. This would not have mattered if it had not got to the ears of the Sultan who ruled this part of the land of the Arabian Nights The ruler was not pleased to hear of this because he prided himself on being the largest of anything, in just about every respect, as long as he approved of whatever it was, and he approved of numbers in a big way. So the man was called from the streets and asked to account for his affront before the Sultan himself.
Www.auburn.edu/~smith01/txtsyll/syl3010.txt mathematical concepts and the contributions of outstanding mathematicians, and to Chinese,Hindu, and arabian mathematics (before global communication merged http://www.auburn.edu/~smith01/txtsyll/syl3010.txt
Extractions: COURSE SYLLABUS Course Number: MATH3010 Course Title: HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS Credit Hours: 3 Prerequisites: MH 1620 or departmental approval. Corequisite: Objectives: To enhance the student's mathematical perspective through a discussion of the evolution of mathematical concepts and the contributions of outstanding mathematicians, and to enhance the student's appreciation for and facility with deductive reasoning through exercises related to these mathematical concepts and contributions. Course content: Numeral systems , Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics (1 week). Ancient Greek geometry and number theory; deductive reasoning (2 weeks). Chinese, Hindu, and Arabian mathematics (before global communication merged them with European mathematics) (2 weeks). European mathematics in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries: translation of Arabic works and the ancient Greek texts; universities established; contributions of Fibonacci. (2 weeks). European mathematics of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries: Beginnings of algebraic symbolism, solutions of the general cubic and quartic, logarithms, beginnings of number theory, analytic geometry, projective geometry, and probability, and the discovery of the calculus. Some mathematicians of this period: Fermat, Descartes, Pascal, Leibniz, Newton. (3 weeks). Mathematics of the 18th and 19th centuries: further development of calculus and it's evolution into analysis. Infinite series including Fourier series, the notion of a limit, the notion of a function, the Riemann integral. Non-Euclidean geometry. Abstract algebra and the impossibility of solution by radicals of 5th degree equations. Impossibility of certain constructions by straightedge and compass such as trisecting an angle and squaring a circle. Some mathematicians of this period: Bernoulli brothers, Lagrange, Euler, Gauss, Riemann, Galois, Abel, Cauchy, Fourier. (3 weeks). Mathematics of the 20th century. Evolution of the axiomatic method. Set theory and logic, Russell paradox, Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms, axiom of choice, continuum hypothesis. Godel's incompleteness theorem and other contributions. Topology, measure theory, dynamical systems and chaos, computers and computer science. Solutions of famous problems such as the four color problem and Fermat's Last Theorem. (2 weeks). Text: Howard Eves, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics, 6th Ed. Sample Grading and Evaluation Procedures Students will be expected to have prepared the daily homework assignments. Homework will occasionally be collected. This will be part of the participation grade. Reading the text and working the exercises are an important part of this course. A paper will be assigned; it should be on the history of some mathematician (with emphasis on his mathematical discoveries) or on some mathematical concept; check with the instructor about the topic. Grade Calculation Participation grade (includes: blackboard presentation and classwork, attendance, homework or projects): 10% Reading Quizzes (quizzes are approximately 10-minutes long and may be announced or unannounced): 10% Term paper 15% Hour Tests (three tests): 35% Final Exam: 30% Tentative Test Schedule Hour tests are given at the end of appropriate units and will be announced a week ahead of time. Quizzes may or may not be announced; at least four quizzes will be given in the course of the semester. Friday is typically a good day for quizzes. Sample Statement Re: Accommodations Students who need accommodations are asked to arrange a meeting during office hours the first week of classes, or as soon as possible if accommodations are needed immediately. If you have a conflict with my office hours, an alternate time can, be arranged. To set up this meeting, please contact me by E-mail. Bring a Copy of your Accommodation Memo and an Instructor Verification Form to the meeting. If you do not have an Accommodation Memo but need accommodations, make an appointment with The Program for Students with Disabilities, 1244 Haley Center, 844-2096 (V/TT). (Note: Instructor office room, office hours and email address will be made available on the course syllabus and on the first day of class.) JUSTIFICATION Education majors specializing in mathematics are required to take a History of Mathematics course. This course satisfies this requirement. The course can also be used as a free elective by mathematics majors.
Princeton Club Of Northern California A Thousand and One arabian Nights is filled with colorful, exotic stories that will asJohn Nash, one of the most brilliant and haunted mathematicians of his http://www.pcnc.org/newsletters/2002/newsletter082002.shtml
Extractions: The Princeton Club of Northern California is open to all Graduate and Undergraduate Alumni and Princeton Parents. PCNC sponsors events in the San Francisco Bay Area (Peninsula, South Bay, and East Bay), the Monterey Bay Area, and Sacramento. Inquiries about membership and dues can be made by contacting us via e-mail, by phone at (415) 845-8120, or by mail at last updated July 1st, 2002 PCNC Newsletter, August 2002 Event Date Time Location RSVP PCNC Golf Outing San Francisco Michael Culver Golf Tournament for All Abilities Play at one of the Bay Area's prized golf resources the Presidio Golf Course. It's in great shape, under management by Arnold Palmer Golf Resorts. They're giving the PCNC a tournament for a special rate (golf carts included).
Program Translate this page Van Dantzig was part of the signific circle, mathematicians, philosophers and linguists longerthan their name, coming from the name of an arabian learned man http://www.math.muni.cz/~mlc/November/prvni.html
Extractions: Programm Programme 11. Novembertagung t h Novembertagung zur on the Geschichte History der Mathematik of Mathematics Brno, Czech Republic Liebe Tagungsteilnehmer/innen, endlich ist das Programm der diesjaehrigen Novembertagung da. Vorab aber noch einige Informationen zur Ankunft in Brno. Wenn Ihr am Donnerstag nachmittag/abend in Brno ankommt, koennt Ihr direkt Euer Zimmer in der ``Pension Palacky'' Kolejni 2, Brno - Kralovo Pole beziehen. Vom Bahnhof aus erreicht man die Pension in etwa 30 Minuten und ist mit den Straßenbahnlinien 12 bzw. 13 zu erreichen (Richtung ``Kralovo Pole''). Von der Endstation aus wird der Weg mit Schildern mit der Aufschrift ``Novembertagung'' ausgeschildert sein. Die Pension ist ca. 15 Minuten Fußweg von der Endstation der Straßenbahn entfernt. Ab 19.00 Uhr treffen wir uns im Restaurant ``Restaurace Spalicek'' Zelny trh 12 von Brno-Hauptbahnhof entfernt. Von der Pension aus nimmt der Weg mit Straßenbahn und zu Fuß etwa 30 Minuten in Anspruch. Am Freitag beginnen wir um 9:00 Uhr im Tagungsraum des Lehrstuhls fuer Mathematik der Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik und Ingenieurswesen der Technischen Hochschule, Technick 8, 5. Stock. Der Weg von der Straßenbahnhaltestelle zum Tagungsraum wird mit Pfeilen mit der Aufschrift ``Novembertagung'' ausgeschildert sein. Viele Grueße, Stepanka Lenka Helena Jitka Michal Bilova Cechova Durnova Hrdlickova Novak Dear participants, the programme of this year's Novembertagung has finally reached you. Before the programme proper, here is some information on your arrival to Brno on Thursday afternoon or evening. On your arrival, you can check in at
History Of Mathematics have greatly expanded our coverage of Islamic and arabian mathematics including newarticles about the sources for Greek mathematics and Greek mathematicians. http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~algebra/history/history/index1.html
Geometry Algorithm Web Sites Trinity College, Dublin) biographies of the major mathematicians (Descartes,Fermat regions Babylonia, Egypt, China, Greece, India, arabian, Japan, and http://geometryalgorithms.com/websites.htm
Extractions: History Web sites are rapidly becoming a useful source for information about geometry algorithms. However, it is often hard to know what is really useful and what is hype, amateurish, or just plain wrong. So, instead of having a massive list of everything on the web, we only give generic and reliable sites. From them, you can find links to many other sites which are often more specialized. Caveat surfer. Reports Bibliography Who's Who Centers ... Math A Short History of Geometry (Dan Sunday, softSurfer)
Dwg arabian Peninsula or Sinai Peninsula. True or False. 3. The numerals, currentlyused by Western mathematicians, are commonly referred to as http://www.hopkinton.k12.nh.us/groups/hmhs/02-03/hw-7/dwg.htm
Extractions: DWG ( D aily W ritten G eography) Remember to List your SOURCES!!! Scroll down to the appropriate questions, and "SELECT" and "COPY" them. Open any word processor program and "Paste" them. Then print that page. If you try to print this page, you will print everything. 1. What is the name of large, dry peninsula located in the Middle East, bordered by the Red Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the Persian Gulf? 3. The numerals, currently used by Western mathematicians, are commonly referred to as: What is the name of the badly polluted and shrinking land-locked Sea, bordering Iran? 5. What is the name of the city, located between the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea, currently the capital of Israel? 6. What country has borders with Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Iran, and also borders the Persian Gulf? 7. What is the capital of the United Arab Emirates? 8. Ships carrying oil from the Middle East must pass through which narrow strait, located at the eastern end of the Persian Gulf? 9. Islam, one of the worlds major religions, is an Arabic word that means "Peace". In what Middle Eastern city, located on the Red Sea, did the religion begin?
Part 1 - Grant Operations ICARDA arabian Peninsula Regional Program - Strengthening food security, 200.0. Societyof African Physicists and mathematicians - Workshop on advanced http://www.opecfund.org/readingroom/ar00/part1/grant.htm
Extractions: By means of its grant program, the OPEC Fund channels valued resources into a wide range of development schemes and activities for which loan assistance is usually not an option. Fund grants are extended in the form of technical assistance for worthwhile social causes and small-scale enterprises, as sponsorship for research and studies and, when occasion demands, as emergency relief for victims of natural and social disasters.
ECSU Math & CS - Math Courses Mathematics; Greek Mathematics; Chinese, Hindu and arabian Mathematics, EuropeanMathematics; Modern Mathematics; American mathematicians; AfricanAmerican http://nia.ecsu.edu/mcs/mathcourses.htm
Extractions: Designed for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. Emphasis on numeric and algebraic concepts, with applications to teaching. Topics include: sets; number systems and operations and properties of number; equations and inequalities; functions and graphs; appropriate use of technology; historical/cultural perspectives. Prerequisite: Consent of Department Chairperson. MATH 122: GEOMETRY AND DATA ANALYSIS (3) (S) A second course designed for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. Topics covered include: basic data analysis and statistics; measurement and problem in solving geometry; a study of geometric concepts and construction of geometric figures; logical arguments. Prerequisite: MATH 121 or GE 115.
`Abdu'l-Bahá, Some Answered Questions, Pgs. 21-25 Briefly, Muhammad appeared in the desert of Hijáz in the arabian Peninsula, which tothe fifteenth century of the Christian eraall the mathematicians of the http://www.bahai.com/writings3/AbdulBaha/saq/21-25.htm
Extractions: a true mercy. They were like a man holding in his hand a cup of poison, which, when about to drink, a friend breaks and thus saves him. If Christ had been placed in similar circumstances, it is certain that with a conquering power He would have delivered the men, women and children from the claws of these bloodthirsty wolves.
LEONCAVALLO, RUGGIERO Leonardos works are mainly developments of the results obtained by his predecessors;the influences of Greek, arabian, and Indian mathematicians may be http://92.1911encyclopedia.org/L/LE/LEONCAVALLO_RUGGIERO.htm
Extractions: followed; while much, it is evident, was lost for good. In 1796 Napoleon swept away to Paris, along with the other art treasures of Italy, the whole of the Leonardo MSS. at the Ambrosiana: A brief statement follows of the present distribution of the several MSS. and of the form in which they are severally published: 1846. (S.C.) LEONARDO OF PISA (LEONARDUS PISANUS or FIB0NAcCI), Leonardos works are mainly developments of the results obtained by his predecessors; the influences of Greek, Arabian, and Indian mathematicians may be clearly discerned in his methods. In his Practica geometriae plain traces of the use of the Roman agrimensores are met with; in his Liber abaci old Egyptian problems reveal their origin by the reappearance of the very numbers in which the problem is given, though one cannot guess through what channel they came to Leonardos knowledge. Leonardo cannot be regarded as the inventor of that very great variety of truths for which he mentions no earlier source. The Liber cibaci, which fills 459 printed pages, contains the most perfect methods of calculating with whole numbers and with fractions, practice, extraction of the square and cube roots, proportion, chain rule, finding of proportional parts, averages, progressions, even compound interest, just as in the completest mercantile arithmetics of our days. They teach further the solution of problems leading to equations of the first and second degree, to determinate and inde~ terminate equations, not by single and double position only, but by real algebra, proved by means of geometric constructions, and including the use of letters as symbols for known numbers, the unknown nul5ntt,j h,-0,~ ,slIs,-i r~ ~rnl ~
Untitled the attention and excited the admiration of mathematicians from time immemorial.``Ma maison est construite,'' says the bee in the arabian Nights, ``selon les http://www.math.pitt.edu/~thales/kepler98/honey/hexagonHistory.html
Extractions: Background on the Hexagonal Honeycomb conjecture In 1994, D. Weaire and R. Phelan improved on Lord Kelvin's candidate for the least-area way to partition space into regions of unit volume. Contrary to popular belief, even the planar question remains open. -Frank Morgan, Trans. AMS, Vol. 351, No. 5, p1753, 1999. Let T be a tile of unit area such that the plane may be tiled by congruent copies of it. Steinhaus asks if the perimeter length of T is least when T is a regular hexagon. More generally, if the plane is tiled by bounded tiles, not necessarily congruent, but all of a diameter of at least D0, say, does the regular hexagonal tiling minimize the maximum (perimeter length of T)^2/(area of T) taken over all tiles T in the tiling? The 3-dimensional analog of this is likely to be challenging: What is the tile T of unit volume and least surface area that permits a tiling of R^3 by congruent copies of T? -Hallard T. Croft, Kenneth J. Falconer, Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Geometry (Problem C15). Springer-Verlag, 1991. Bees are not of a solitary nature, as eagles are, but are like human beings... They have three tasks: food, dwelling, toil; and the food is not the same as the wax, nor the honey, nor the dwelling. Does not the chamber in the comb have six angles, the same number as the bee has feet? The geometricians prove that this hexagon inscribed in a circular figure encloses the greatest amount of space.
Www.mun.ca/lists/arthurnet/arthurnet.log9407d The danger already exists that mathematicians have made a covenant with the Scholarshave identified Indian, Persian and arabian influences, among others, in http://www.mun.ca/lists/arthurnet/arthurnet.log9407d
Extractions: ========================================================================= Date: 22 Jul 94 07:08:31 EDT From: Leo K Lichtig To: Arthur-Net Subject: Avalon / Ynys Witrin Message-Id: >There is no English translation of De Instructione (of which I am aware) The Penguin Classics edition of Gerald of Wales' "The Journey Through Wales/The Description of Wales" (1978) has an appendix containing a translation of sections of "De principis instructione" and "Speculum Ecclesiae" related to the discovery of Arthur's tomb at Glastonbury. I found a copy of this paperback at my local Barnes and Noble. ==Leo K. Lichtig== So Easy It Seems Once Done, Which Yet Not Done Most Find Impossible ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 11:57:50 -0500 (EST) From: V270UCEZ@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Subject: Re: Vinaver and Malory To: arthurnet@morgan.ucs.mun.ca Message-Id: Organization: University at Buffalo X-Vms-To: IN%"arthurnet@morgan.ucs.mun.ca" Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT I was using Viniver because when I asked one of the lists a few months ago, that was the general consensus for the best critical edition. Natalie Grinnell v270ucez@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 22 Jul 1994 13:21:40 -0400 (EDT) From: Andrew Feland Subject: Re: Teaching Arthurian Sources To: arthurnet@morgan.ucs.mun.ca In-Reply-To:
The History Of Pi spread from India to Europe and was used by mathematicians It is unclear whetherthe arabian mathematician, Mohammed ibn Musa al'Khwarizmi, attempted to http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~cherlin/History/Papers2000/wilson.html
Extractions: Rutgers, Spring 2000 Throughout the history of mathematics, one of the most enduring challenges has been the calculation of the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter, which has come to be known by the Greek letter pi . From ancient Babylonia to the Middle Ages in Europe to the present day of supercomputers, mathematicians have been striving to calculate the mysterious number. They have searched for exact fractions, formulas, and, more recently, patterns in the long string of numbers starting with 3.14159 2653..., which is generally shortened to 3.14. William L. Schaaf once said, "Probably no symbol in mathematics has evoked as much mystery, romanticism, misconception and human interest as the number pi" (Blatner, 1). We will probably never know who first discovered that the ratio between a circle's circumference and diameter is constant, nor will we ever know who first tried to calculate this ratio. The people who initiated the hunt for pi were the Babylonians and Egyptians, nearly 4000 years ago. It is not clear how they found their approximation for pi, but one source (Beckman) makes the claim that they simply made a big circle, and then measured the circumference and diameter with a piece of rope. They used this method to find that
Muslim Science Egyptian system.) During the 10th and 11th centuries capable mathematicians, suchas The greatest contribution of arabian medicine was in chemistry and in the http://www.amualumni.8m.com/MScience.htm
Extractions: One of its languages became the universal language of much of the world, the bridge between the peoples of a hundred lands. Its armies were made up of people of many nationalities, and its military protection allowed a degree of peace and prosperity that had never been known. The reach of this civilizations commerce extended from Latin America to China, and everywhere in between.
CHOICE Magazine | About Choice Magazine undecidability results continue to attract the most attention from mainstream mathematicians. Organizedas a parody of the arabian Nights, Smullyan presents a http://www.ala.org/acrl/choice/35-3912.html
APIS--Volume 18, Number 3, March 2000 BEES AS mathematicians. mathematician bees are perhaps responsible for the structureof their comb as described eloquently in literature from arabian Nights to http://apis.ifas.ufl.edu/apis_2000/apmar_2000.htm
Extractions: Bee Meetings: AMENDING THE HONEY MARKETING ORDER: http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~mts/apishtm/apis99/apnov99.htm#2 According to AMS, certain proposed changes must first be approved by honey producers, producer-packers, handlers, and importers voting in a referendum. Other changes contained in this proposal are required by statute, and will be implemented in the honey order regardless of the outcome of the referendum. Comments on the changes will be accepted until April 28, 2000. They should be mailed in triplicate to the Research and Promotion Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, AMS, USDA, Stop 0244, 1400 Independence Avenue S.W., Washington, DC 20250-0244, ph 888-720-9917, fax 202-205-2800 or e-mailed to malinda.farmer@usda.gov
The Arabian Connection - A Conspiracy Against Humanity The arabian Connection A Conspiracy Against Humanity What Should be Taught Muslimmathematicians were the first to utilize decimals instead of fractions on http://www.onlineislamicstore.com/b3734.html
Extractions: The superlative achievements of the shining stars in Islamic academic circles is little known to the world, indeed even including Muslims themselves. Muslims know some odd facts or two, such as algebra comes from al-jabr, but this is the tip of the iceberg in the overall contributions Muslims have played in the diffusion of knowledge and practice in the world today. This much-needed book fills the void, and educates of the expansive contributions made by scholars past. A tradition, perhaps now devoid and lacking in today's Islamic world, thrived in the years of our Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) and the following generations, producing boundary-less repositories of useful knowledge and erudition.
