StudyWorks! Online : Interactive Geometry Link to Congruent Triangles (Four) Congruent Triangles (4) prove that twotriangles are congruent. Link to Horizontal machine Horizontal machine http://www.studyworksonline.com/cda/explorations/main/0,,NAV2-21,00.html
Extractions: Algebra Explorations Astronomy Biology Chemistry ... Weather Center The activities in this section will help you get a "hands-on" feel for some of the fundamental principles of geometry. Try them all to help understand theorems and proofs. Note: These activities are all based on Java applets which may take a few moments to download if you are connecting by modem. Please be patient. Alternate Angles
Table Of Contents Page 43. § 39. How very useful such a machine would prove for the repair of thelocks at all times, and of what use it might be in the intervals. Page 44. http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/triewald/toc.html
Extractions: Of the Contents of this Treatise Page The first attempts to draw water from mines by means of fire. Page Who were the first inventors of the fire- and and air-machine described in this treatise. Page How the model of this machine has been worked at for ten years. Page About the first fire- and air-machine which was constructed at Dudley Castle in Staffordshire. Page How many attempts have been made to gain some knowledge of the construction of these marvellous machines. Page How the author got to know the theory and practice of the fire- and air-machine. Page Explanation of the copper-plate. Page Further description of the fire-machine. Page Page Ibidem The pressure caused by the air upon empty vessels (vase ab aere vacuo). Page Page Page Page Page To show that the fire-machine obtains its power from the elasticity or expanding force of the air. Page Ibidem Concerning the effect of the Dannemora fire-machine. Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Ibidem The fire-machine in London. Page Page Page Page Concerning a newly-invented dock. Page Page Page Page Page Page How many purposes may be served by such a little fire-machine as the one owned by the Prince of Schwartzenberg.
Think Youre a meat machine, rather than a metal and silicon machine. GEENA stuff.But of course it is difficult for me to prove that to you. http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/think/article.php?num=2
Jbook Home Page, Java And The Java Virtual Machine Verification We analyse and prove the following fundamental property of JVM verification withrespect to the expected behavior as defined by the Java machine. http://www.inf.ethz.ch/~jbook/
Extractions: July 2001 The book provides a high-level description, together with a mathematical and an experimental analysis, of Java and of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), including a standard compiler of Java programs to JVM code and the security critical bytecode verifier component of the JVM. The description is structured into language layers and machine components. It comes with a natural executable refinement (written in AsmGofer and provided on CD-ROM) which can be used for testing code. The method developed for this purpose, using Abstract State Machines (ASMs), can be applied to other virtual machines and to other programming languages as well. The Jbook gives the most comprehensive and consistent formal account of the combination of Java and the JVM . (Pieter Hartel and Luc Moreau in Formalizing the Safety of Java, the Java Virtual Machine and Java Card , ACM Computing Surveys, 33(4):517-558, 2001. Section 6.2, page 540.)
Extractions: he vanity press is an ancient idea, born just one day after the first rejection slip. Under the old model, vanity presses would print a few thousand copies for an exorbitant price, even if the elite of the New York publishing industry considered the book unmarketable. These days, the author of a science fiction novel like 'Alien Armageddon' can buy his way out of the slush pile. for a three-digit fee, he can get his work published through a new print-on-demand outfit like Xlibris oriUniverse, loosing on the world such classic bits as "Having surveyed the whole planetary system, the sphere narrowed quickly on the curious emitter of universal interference. And there it was, sailing knavishly through the blackness of eternity." Print-on-demand houses solicit clients online, then use the latest technology to crank out only enough books to meet existing ordersa run so small the book would sink in the mass market. Sounds good, but the problem is that a lot of these books should sink, because they're poorly written or because their audience is limited to the far-right fringe. Print-on-demand writers rake in whatever they can through selling their booksoften by hand and on their lonesome. Not only doesn't Xlibris depend on author sales, the company probably wouldn't survive if it did. As of November, its bestseller had moved only "somewhere between 1000 and 2000 units," says CEO John Feldcamp. Half of all sales go to the "pocket markets" surrounding the authorfriends, family, a few bulk sales if the author can arrange a signing or a reading, the occasional classroom placement.
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CNN.com - Chess Champ Takes On New Supercomputer - Jan. 24, 2003 he wanted to prove human players are not hopeless when he battles world championcomputer program Deep Junior next week in the latest Man vs machine contest. http://www.cnn.com/2003/TECH/fun.games/01/24/chess.kasparov.reut/
Stand To Reason Commentary - Weighing A Chicken With A Yardstick things, feel pain and fear, experience the taste of a strawberry and feel sexualfrustration, the only thing it would prove is that a machine could understand http://www.str.org/free/commentaries/science/scisoul.htm
Extractions: to a Friend Weighing a Chicken With a Yardstick Printer Friendly Version Gregory Koukl Can science disprove the existence of the soul? Here Greg deals with advances in computer science and neurology, and the limitations of science. I received a letter from a listener last week. Some of you might remember the comment that I made about four or five weeks ago that it's impossible for science to prove that there is no soul. This gentleman was a bit bothered because he felt I was speaking in a vacuum, as it were, and I really didn't know what I was talking about, and making a comment like that not only misleads my listeners into having a false sense of confidence about this issue, but also to those who know better it makes me a little bit foolish. The writer goes on to say, "[Adler] goes on a step further and says that if science is ever able to produce a machine that can conceptualize on a conversational level it will prove that the brain is sufficient to explain the mind and therefore do away with the necessity of postulating an immaterial mind." Adler doesn't believe this is possible, but the way to disprove the existence of the mind and therefore undercut the Christian position is to produce a machine that can conceptualize on a conversational level. And if it can do that then it will do what we think it takes a mind to do. That would prove that a mind is not necessary and therefore, by inference, would prove that human minds don't exist and Christianity would be discredited.
Extractions: to a Friend Capital Punishment: Is Man a Machine or a Moral Agent? Printer Friendly Version Gregory Koukl See how your view of capital punishment says a lot about your view of mankind. I've been looking for an opportunity to comment on an LA Times L.A. Times in mid-January. The writer, Robert Finn, makes this comment: " Times " editors place the continuation of an article on California's upcoming first execution by lethal injection right next to an article on Israeli President Azar Wiseman's visit to a former Nazi death camp near Berlin. Now whether intentional or not, this juxtaposition serves as a reminder that even legal execution is murder, a fact that no amount of technological improvement can mask. Whether the government kills millions of innocent Jews or a single vicious and unrepentant murderer, the death penalty diminishes us all." Signed Robert Finn, Long Beach. This was one of those pieces that stands out for me as an example of a lack of moral clarity an inability to make valuable moral distinctions regarding behavior. Of course, I expect such a thing in a culture that is run through and through with relativistic thinking, and has a view of man that diminishes him to a mere machine. The language of this letter to the editor, the juxtaposition of this article about capital punishment by lethal injection and the other article about Wiseman's visit to a Nazi death camp, equates the two as if they were morally equivalent. He equates the execution of a vicious and unrepentant murderer with the killing of innocent Jews. Apparently, Robert Finn can't distinguish between guilt and innocence, even when it is in his own writing.
Wired News: Kasparov, Computer Talk Smack vs. machine. I'll try to prove that the human race isn't hopeless, Kasparov said during a press conference in New York. Kasparov http://www.wired.com/news/infostructure/0,1377,57388,00.html
Extractions: 09:51 AM Jan. 24, 2003 PT NEW YORK Fear not, humans. We're not completely clueless, and Garry Kasparov plans to prove it. Kasparov, the chess grandmaster beaten in a match by computer Deep Blue six years ago, said Thursday he is proud to represent humanity in the latest battle of man vs. machine. "I'll try to prove that the human race isn't hopeless," Kasparov said during a press conference in New York. Kasparov is taking on Deep Junior, currently the world's best computerized chess player, in a match billed as the ultimate battle between wetware and software. In this match, Kasparov will pit his skills against a chess-playing program instead of a machine like Blue specifically built to play the game.
Wired News: Of Pawns, Knights, Bits, Bytes He demanded a rematch, but IBM declined and retired the machine. Kasparov wants toprove that 1997 was a fluke, and Deep Junior wants to prove it wasn'ta fluke http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,57345,00.html
Extractions: 02:00 AM Jan. 23, 2003 PT A new era of man vs. machine competition is dawning. On Sunday, the world's No. 1-ranked chess player will begin a tournament against the world's best chess program and it's the first human/computer chess match sanctioned by the world's leading chess body. Click thumbnails for full-size image: Garry Kasparov, the charismatic Russian hailed by many as the best chess player the world has ever seen, will face off against Deep Junior, a brilliant, aggressive chess-playing program that is uncannily human in its style of play. The competition is the first man/machine challenge sanctioned by the , or the World Chess Federation. Though man vs. computer competitions have a long, storied history, the World Chess Federation has never before endorsed a nonhuman competitor.
Turing Machines And Universes Put more simply, it is possible to prove the truth value (or the theorem status werenot recursive, meaning that they could not be solved by a Turing machine. http://samvak.tripod.com/turing.html
Extractions: Click HERE to buy "After the Rain - How the West Lost the East" In 1936 an American (Alonzo Church) and a Briton (Alan M. Turing) published independently (as is often the coincidence in science) the basics of a new branch in Mathematics (and logic): computability or recursive functions (later to be developed into Automata Theory). The authors confined themselves to dealing with computations which involved "effective" or "mechanical" methods for finding results (which could also be expressed as solutions (values) to formulae). These methods were so called because they could, in principle, be performed by simple machines (or human-computers or human-calculators, to use Turing's unfortunate phrases). The emphasis was on finiteness: a finite number of instructions, a finite number of symbols in each instruction, a finite number of steps to the result. This is why these methods were usable by humans without the aid of an apparatus (with the exception of pencil and paper as memory aids). Moreover: no insight or ingenuity were allowed to "interfere" or to be part of the solution seeking process.
The Mind In The Machine The Mind in the machine Absurdity and Meaning in Cognitive Science by Richard Thisof course does not yet prove that Searles conclusion is necessarily wrong http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/rhodges/html/MindInMachine.html
Extractions: Absurdity Could a computer ever be conscious? There are noisy arguments on both sides of this question, arguments that usually seem absurd, driven by preconceived ideological commitments rather than by critical thinking. The common-sense position is that people are in fact conscious and that their awareness of their own consciousness and their belief in it is valid, but that no existing computer or program is conscious. Assuming a common-sense definition of consciousness, this is undoubtedly a true statement. But there is a school of thought that would go beyond common sense to add that it is absurd to attribute consciousness to a computer no matter how sophisticated its construction or behavior. Consciousness cannot arise from an unconscious material object, this argument maintains. There is a group of writers who work various versions of this argument. Searles Chinese Room is an influential example of the genre. Searle is a very important contemporary philosopher of mind, with wide-ranging and deep if somewhat tendentious critical analysis of many of the loose ideas about mind that are bandied about these days (see for example his book The Rediscovery of the Mind: Representation and Mind ), but he is most famous for this Chinese Room thought experiment. Searle asks us to suppose we have a computer program that can translate Chinese as well as a human translator. A claim could be made that the computer consciously understood a sentence that it was translating. But Searle asks us to imagine that instead of an electronic computer, we had a roomful of non-Chinese speaking people each carrying out different steps of the program. The room could then translate Chinese just like the computer could. But then, is it possible to say that the room understands Chinese? Certainly none of the people in the room understands Chinese as a result of carrying out any kind of computer-like instructions, and Searle asserts that it is therefore absurd to say that the room understands Chinese.
TOUCHING BIG BROTHER How biometric technology will fuse flesh and machine; Simon G. Davies, Department of Law, Universit Category Computers Security Biometrics ResourcesHow biometric technology will fuse flesh and machine. Many systems do not live upto expectations because they prove unable to cope with the enormous variations http://www.privacy.org/pi/reports/biometric.html
Extractions: The evolution of information technology is likely to result in intimate interdependence between humans and technology. This fusion has been characterized in popular science fiction as chip implantation. It is, however, more likely to take the form of biometric identification using such technologies as fingerprints, hand geometry and retina scanning. Some applications of biometric identification technology are now cost-effective, reliable, and highly accurate. As a result, biometric systems are being developed in many countries for such purposes as social security entitlement, payments, immigration control and election management. Whether or not biometry delivers on its promise of high-quality identification, it will imperil individual autonomy. Widespread application of the technologies would conflict with contemporary values, and result in a class of outcasts. The accurate identification of individuals is a key concern for many government agencies and corporations. It is important to them because it contributes significantly to administrative efficiency and the control of fraud, and can offer benefits to clients as well. A key focus of information systems security in recent years has been the intensification of efforts to establish accurate identity.
NewStandard: 4/14/97 machinetool orders prove economic health. By The Associated Press NEWYORK Orders for American-made machine tools surged in February http://www.s-t.com/daily/04-97/04-14-97/a06bu039.htm
Kosmoi: Alan Turing And The Enigma Of Computability In 1950 he produced a paper on Computing machinery And Intelligence ;he invented a test that he said would prove a machine could think. http://kosmoi.com/Technology/Computer/Turing/
Extractions: Computers Mathematics Philosophy Psychology ... Entscheidungsproblem - Decision Problem Nature Agriculture Animals Biology ... Alan Turing: The Enigma Andrew Hodges, Douglas Hofstadter Recommendation: G¶del, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid Douglas R. Hofstadter Recommendation: The Fabric of Reality: The Science of Parallel Universes-And Its Implications David Deutsch by AR Alan Mathison Turing He went to King's College, Cambridge in 1931 to read Mathematics . Turing graduated from Cambridge in Mathematics in 1934, and was a fellow at Kings for two years, during which he wrote his now famous paper published in 1937, On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem . In it, he proposed a machine that could move from one state to another by following a rigorous set of rules. From this he was able to show the existence of uncomputable functions. For example, no program can determine if any arbitrary program will terminate. This led to a computing scheme that foreshadowed the logic of digital computers Consistency, Completeness, and Computability
INFORMS Tel Aviv 1998 Session TA15 We prove that at any moment each machine should process the jobs thathave already completed their processing on the other machine. http://www.informs.org/Conf/TelAviv98/TALKS/TA15.html
How To Conduct Business With An Eye Toward Litigation for the litigants in these cases if they did not possess these records, or wereobligated to prove their contents through the numerous machine operators or http://www.phillipsnizer.com/artnew19.htm
What I Did In Class Example nondeterministic machine to prove compositeness. 19991115 Can weprove BPP=P? Picture of a random Turing machine with human coin flips. http://cr.yp.to/1999-541/inclass.html
Extractions: MCS 541, Computational Complexity, Fall 1999 General announcements. Goedel's question: if a theorem has a proof of length at most n, can we find it in time O(n^2)? Another question on what can be computed in limited time and space. Overview of related topics from courses on algorithms, theory of computation, formal logic. Definition of composite. Definition of prime. Examples. The primality problem. Some representations of integers: decimal; binary; unary; factored. The importance of specifying the input representation. Simple algorithm for the primality problem. Time for dividing n-digit numbers. Overall time for simple algorithm. Outline of proof of Theorem 1. Comments on running time of Rabin's test. Outline of proof of Theorem 2. The Miller-Bach test. Note that truth does not imply provability. State of the art in deterministic tests. Selfridge's test. Example where Selfridge's test fails. Adleman's test. Example of Adleman's test for 12-digit numbers. Simpler test for 12-digit numbers. The concept of nonuniformity. The big question in parallelism. How to add quickly in parallel. ``NC.'' Summary of known speeds of parallel carrying, division, exponentiation. Picture of a Turing machine. Requirement that tapes be extended as necessary. Parameters in a Turing machine: number of tapes; alphabet; instructions; first instruction. Types of instructions: condition based on symbol of a tape, jump, halt yes, halt no, halt and print output tape, write symbol to a tape, move left, move right. Countability of the set of Turing machines modulo alphabet encoding. Church's thesis. Realism of speed of Turing machines.
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