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In the USA, Western and Central Europe, there are many large-scale polluted sites that are too large to be cleaned up economically with available technologies. The pollution is caused by heavy industries to soils and sediments in waterways and reservoirs. Since these areas are expected to remain polluted for many years, it is necessary to take a long-term view to insure that the capacity to retain the contaminants is not diminished and to understand the potential for large-scale contaminant mobilization at these sites triggered by changing environmental conditions. This book provides information for predicting long-term changes and making risk assessments and describes the approach of geochemical engineering to handling large-scale polluted sites. ... Read more

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State of the art
Biogeodynamics, the study of both physical processes and biological alterations in the environment and their influence on the stored pollutants. This book gives a deep review of state of the art science atthe moment, comprising both the geological cycles, chemical parameters likepH and redox, and policy making in Northern Europe. The several chapters,though written in not-too-good English, provide the reader with new andknown knowledge that is now bundled in a comprehensive volume. Salomons haswritten before about heavy metals, and this is probably the reason why thisvolume mainly focuses on the metal side of the pollutants story. But theseveral authors consider all environmental factors that correlate with thecycling of these pollutants. In short: a very good book, but I am waitingfor a second edition with a wider scope on pollutants and a re-editing ofthe chapters. ... Read more

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With the advent of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the number of air pollution control equipment installations has increased at an accelerated pace.
This book discusses the operation and maintenance of air pollution control equipment and explores the problems connected with their use. An introductory chapter outlines the overall strategy and approach employed in the presentation of the subject, then selection procedures for air pollution equipment are considered. For each control device a description of device, design procedure, installation, operation, maintenance, and methods of improving operation and performance are given. ... Read more

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The Ghana's rocky shore is unique along the Gulf of Guinea from Cote d'Ivoire to western Cameroon (West Africa). This suggests the existence of specific biotopes of species assemblages on spatial scales. The variability of environmental factors has been highlighted as the main causes of variations in the rocky intertidal communities. This book presents species assemblage patterns on spatial scales, test statistical differences in taxa assemblages and model taxon-environment interactions. ... Read more

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This book provides an overview of the geomorphology, sedimentology and physical characteristics of estuaries of South America. The individual chapters follow multi- and interdisciplinary approaches, since complex entities like estuaries cannot be understood by regarding just one scientific field. The articles cover a wide range of topics, such as case studies, review articles and those dealing with general definition and classification of estuaries. The geomorphological and oceanographical characteristics of some of the most prominent estuaries of South America are described for the first time. ... Read more

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The stability of rainforest margins has been identified as a critical factor in the preservation of tropical forests, e.g., in Southeast Asia, one of the world’s most extensive rainforest regions. This book contains a selection of contributions presented at an international symposium on "Land Use, Nature Conservation and the Stability of Rainforest Margins in Southeast Asia," in Bogor, Indonesia, October 2002. It highlights the critical issue of rainforest preservation from an interdisciplinary perspective, comprising input from scientists in socio-economic, biological, geographical, agrarian and forestry disciplines. The contributions are based on recent empirical research, with a special focus on Indonesia - a country with one of the highest and, at the same time, most endangered stocks of rainforest resources on earth.

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This reference explores oceanographic and biological conditions involved in the transfer and accumulation of radionuclides in marine sediment and biota of the Northern European seas. Much of the content synthesizes decades of work by the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. This forms the basis of a new methodological and theoretical framework describing radionuclide bioaccumulation by marine invertebrate and vertebrate animals, with special attention to marine food webs leading to humans.

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This book reviews the main energy sources, production problems and energy perspectives in Germany and Mexico. It surveys the status of traditional and alternative energy sources, including fossil fuels, nuclear, hydraulic, eolic, solar, and hydrogen cells. The book emphasizes the search for answers to such questions as What are the main problems of industries based on fossil fuels, and What is the present status of hydraulic and nuclear energy?

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Nitrous oxide is a chemical compound with the formula N2O. Despite its low concentration, nitrous oxide is the fourth largest contributor to greenhouse gases. Industrial sources make up only about 20% of all anthropogenic sources; human activity is thought to account for 30% and tropical soils and oceanic release account for 70%. This new book addresses this important environmental concern. Included is research on the soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O in managed grasslands and providing an overview of the sources of nitrogen input to grazed grasslands as well as the key soil processes regulating N2O fluxes. This book also presents new research on nitrification which also plays an important role in the removal of nitrogen from municipal wastewater. ... Read more

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This is the first interdisciplinary book on the mobilization of nutrients and pollutants in the water phase due to hydrodynamic processes. Coverage includes the formation of aggregates in turbulent water; flocks and biofilms from organic reactions; and the formation of new surfaces for re-adsorption of dissolved pollutants. The book gathers papers resulting from an International Symposium on Sediment Dynamics and Pollutant Mobility in River Basins in Hamburg, Germany, March, 2006.

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Increasingly over the next few decades, the oil and gas industry faces the complex task of decommissioning its offshore platforms, pipelines and sub-sea equipment as they reach the end of their operational capabilities. Decommissioning involves and integrates many distinct aspects: engineering, environmental, economic, legal, political and safety considerations. A practical strategy for removing and disposing these structures needs to be developed which best meets the demands of all of these different aspects. Specialists in these various fields have been brought together for this volume to contribute their assessments of the situation. The result is an important step toward the development of a co-ordinated approach to the subject. It is essential reading for all those who are involved with major decommissioning projects, their possible environmental impact and their implications in politics and law. ... Read more

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As this book demonstrates, it is essential to involve stakeholders in assessments of hydropower development. The author targets policy formation after the UNCED and UNSSD conventions. By drawing on some dozen project cases, the author shows how policy changes have gradually influenced project design and implementation. Readers gain new insights into the reality behind hydropower policy changes as they have evolved over the last decade.

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Genetic diversity and species diversity are both crucial for ecosystem stability. Analysis of plant diversity aims to understand the organisation and the variability of biological populations within ecosystems. This book provides a review on chemotaxonomical criteria helping to understand complex structures of plant diversity. It focuses particularly on the chemotaxonomic usefulness of phenolic compounds in analysis of chemical polymorphisms at different taxonomic levels. The relationship between grazing pressure and grassland vegetation is also examined, using drastically improved information technology such as remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Ground Positioning Systems (GPS). Furthermore, an overview of the unique ecosystem of the South Brazilian Campos grasslands are given. The role of disturbance in maintaining Campos biodiversity and dynamics, and the importance of its conservation, is looked at as well. Other chapters in this book discuss the relationship between management and vegetation, and also suggest ways to conserve the species diversity of both plants and butterflies in semi-natural grassland. ... Read more

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Any concentration of a substance measured in a living or non-living system results from its distribution among all of the environmental compartments: air, water, sediments, and biota. The transfer of a substance from one compartment to another is regulated by physical forces and the chemical properties of the substance and also those of the compartments. When transfer processes are nearly constant in time, a substance will achieve predictable equilibria distributions. It is of utmost importance that students, environmental scientists, and policymakers understand the basic processes which control the distribution of a substance in order to interpret measurements obtained from within a limited number of compartments. ... Read more

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This book provides basic geochemical data on principles, criteria, methods and current practices with regard to the treatment of contaminated systems and materials, like soils, surface waters and solid residues. The main emphasis is on the investigation, control and recovery of ecosystems contaminated by metal mining and waste disposal operations. This book will help to close the gap existing between the use of geochemical methods and their successful implementation within environmental engineering measures. It is of interest to environmental engineers, responsible authorities in industry, as well as scientists working at universities on environmental issues. ... Read more

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Today, the effect of global climate change is clear to all. It is clearly dangerous in developing countries such as Bangladesh. The industrial revolution caused major changes in technology, socio-economy and cultures in the late 18th and early 19th century, beginning in Britain and spreading throughout the world. The technology dominated economy was mostly dependent on energy produced from fossil fuel, which still holds true today. It is well known that fossil fuel burning has increased the GHGs to the atmosphere, thus creating global warming. Among the GHGs, the concentration of CO2 has been confirmed as the largest. Terrestrial ecosystems are clearly influencing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are constantly entering and leaving the atmosphere. Actively growing trees and other plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, combine it with water through photosynthesis and create sugars and more stable carbohydrates. Through this process, trees capture and store atmospheric CO2 in vegetation, soils and biomass products. The Kyoto Protocol, in 1997, explored a flexible mechanism, CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) where Annex I and non-Annex I parties interact for climate change mitigation. Forestry activities have been considered important in the arena of climate change as they act both as a sink and sources of carbon. The purpose of this book is to highlight the means of efficiently reducing global warming through forestry options in Bangladesh and the positive implications of CDM. ... Read more

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The book covers contemporary environmental issues related to such subjects such as: drinking water, air pollution, waste water, hazardous waste and groundwater, and it focusses on current research activities, emerging technologies and future trends. For each major topic area, an overview paper covers the current state of the technology. The individual papers were independently reviewed by scientists and engineers knowledgeable in the field and complemented by summaries that include references to other related work, and additional technical discussion or comments about the subject matter. An introductory chapter in English and French provides an overview of all the papers and summarizes crucial issues presented in the papers and their interrelationship. ... Read more

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Reservoirs for Wastewater Storage and Reuse is a compendium of available information on this emergent technology, from the role that wastewater reservoirs can play within general water resources management and wastewater reuse policy, to the design and operation of the units, including removal efficiencies for different pollutants. Furthermore, a detailed description of the ecological structure and function of the ecosystem of reservoirs is given. This book summarizes more than 20 years of research and development in Israel where more than 200 of these reservoirs are in operation. It includes both theoretical developments and practical experience gained by designers, operators and farmers. Potential geographic areas for the use of these reservoirs are the whole Mediterranean region, the Pacific coasts of both South and North America, the Atlantic coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and other regions suffering water shortage. ... Read more

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The book subject is a comprehensive ecological insight into a natural ecosystem that was strongly modified by human intervention and its management has a significant impact on water, agricultural, natural and touristic resources. The anthropogenic and natural impacts on the ecosystem are crucial for the sustainability of the regional economy and national water supply. The chapters are giving a scientific-descriptive information on long term natural and anthropogenic processes. The presented information is a thorough guideline of long term human experience of intervention in natural ecosystem structure with indications for predicted sustainability. The book chapters cover topics of hydrology and eco-hydrology, limnology, geochemistry, underground waters, peat soil chemistry and degradation, natural resources of plants and animal (emphasizing birds) agricultural developments and the introduction of eco-tourism into the management design.