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Should the production and use of chlorine and all chlorinatedorganic compounds be halted, in view of their adverse effects on theenvironment and human health? Those in favour argue that certain chlorinated compounds (PCBs, DDT,CFCs, etc.) have large negative environmental effects. The use ofchlorine in disinfectants leads to the production of chloroform, whilebulk products (PVC) contribute to the production of chlorinateddibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans when they are burned. Those against argue that chlorine and many chlorinated compounds areessential in the control of human health (the prevention of diseasetransmitted through drinking water that has not been disinfected), andthat chlorinated compounds are indispensable intermediates in manyproduction processes, representing a vast economic value. But such discussions often ignore the fact that Nature contributessignificantly to the production of chlorinated organic compounds. Morethan 1000 such compounds are known, and their contribution to thebiogeochemical cycling of chlorine is underestimated. Chlorine isorganically bound in large quantities to humic materials, and naturalproduction mechanisms are known for low molecular weight compounds(methyl chloride, chloroform, chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins anddibenzofurans). The role of these compounds in the environment islargely unknown. Naturally-Produced Organohalogens gives a complete overview ofthe present state of knowledge on the subject, giving a much neededbalance to the argument sketched out above. ... Read more

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In a giant step toward managing today's pollution problems more effectively, this report lays out a framework to coordinate an interdisciplinary and international investigation of the chemical composition and cycles of the troposphere. The approach includes geographical surveys, field measurements, the development of appropriate models, and improved instrumentation. ... Read more

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This volume reviews the information currently available regarding the chemistry of organic compounds in the atmosphere. Topics discussed include methods for collecting organic compounds from the atmosphere, the influence of organic compounds on indoor and outdoor air quality, the chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental tobacco smoke, organic compounds in rainwater, organic oxysulfur compounds, and the effect of organic compounds on visibility. Many of these topics presented have never been reviewed or have never appeared together in a single volume. Anyone concerned with atmospheric organic compound monitoring or who conducts research on organic compounds and their effect on the atmospheric environment will find this book to be extremely beneficial. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

selected aspects of atmospheric organic chemistry
This book is a compilation of review-type articles on selected aspects of the organic chemistry of the atmosphere. The STRONG side of the book is the high-profile review character of most articles (incuding many useful references), and the good printing quality. A must for researchers in the specific fields included.The WEAK side is that the title promises a review of ALL aspects of organic atmospheric chemistry, but offers only a very subjective and limited range of information. Especially missing are reviews on sources and sinks of atmospheric pollutants, on urban industrial atmospheres, on industrial workplace health and safety, on industrial hygiene, and on stratospheric photochemistry.It is an interesting reference for the individual subjects that are included, because it definitely offers some thorough reviews. It is more of a library reference than a book to take home, and not a candidate for an academic textbook. ... Read more

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Until the 1980s, researchers studied and measured only the physical properties of aerosols. Since the 80s, however, interest in the physicochemcal properties of aerosols has grown tremendously. Scientists in environmental hygiene, medicine, and toxicology have recognized the importance held by the chemical composition and properties of aerosols and the interactions of inhaled, "bad" aerosols.This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of modern aerosol analytical methods, sampling and separation procedures, and environmental applications, and offers critical reviews of the latest literature. This important field has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, but until now, no book effectively summarized or analyzed the existing research.Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols reviews procedures, techniques, and trends in the measurement and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. With contributions from acknowledged, international experts, the book discusses various methods of bulk analysis, single particle analysis, and the analysis of special aerosol systems, including fibrous and bacterial aerosols. ... Read more

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A new scientific focus on the corrosion process and its amelioration While atmospheric corrosion has been studied by engineers for nearly a century, a systematic scientific investigation of this vital field has become possible only in recent years. In this timely and authoritative work, Christofer Leygraf and Thomas Graedel present a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion six thousand years after "iron was first separated from its ore . and promptly began to corrode!" Combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry, Leygraf and Graedel describe corrosion's potentially devastating effects on structures and materials, examine the latest scientific tools available for preventing or minimizing corrosion damage, and emphasize new insights obtained over the last decade through controlled studies as well as computer modeling investigations. Key topics include:
* Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry
* Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments
* Degradation of materials in architectural and structural applications, electronic devices, and cultural artifacts
* Protecting existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion
* Predicting how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future
Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion is an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. ... Read more

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Nitrogen compounds play a central role in atmospheric chemistry and are associated with several of today's major environmental issues. Nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion sources are involved in the complex atmospheric processes leading to the formation of photochemical oxidants. Such pollutants at ground level are responsible for photochemical smogs, and at higher altitudes in the free troposphere contribute to "greenhouse" warming. Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, mainly from agricultural emissions, and their atmospheric reaction products, account for the major fraction of nitrogen deposition to terrestrial ecosystems. Excess nitrogen deposition may have adverse environmental consequences arising from acidification or eutrophication. This book presents the proceedings of a symposium, organized by the Royal Society of Chemistry Environment Group in February 1992, with the aim of summarizing the current knowledge and uncertainties in the atmospheric sciences, linking emissions to the key environmental effects. Reviews of photochemical oxidants in the emission "plumes" of large combustion sources, and in urban and rural areas are presented.The critical loads concept, a method of quantifying ecosystem sensitivity, is also reviewed, together with particulate chemistry and wet deposition, key steps in the deposition process, and their synthesis in a large-scale nitrogen deposition model. Whilst significant advances have been made in defining and understanding the physico-chemical processes governing the atmospheric behaviour of nitrogen species and their ecological effects, much research is still needed to quantify these adequately enough to permit a meaningful estimation of the results of proposed emission control strategies at the required spatial and temporal resolution. ... Read more

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Most of the world’s mountains are rich in water and, as such, play a pivotal role in the global water cycle. They provide water for diverse human uses and ecosystems. Growing water demands as well as climate change will lead to ever-increasing pressure on mountain waters. Overcoming water-use conflicts and maintaining the ecological functioning of mountain waters presents a highly challenging task and is indispensable for sustainable development.
This book extensively portrays the highly diverse attributes of mountain waters and demonstrates their paramount importance for ecological and societal development. The extensive summaries on the scientific basics of mountain waters are supplemented with considerations on the diverse water uses, needs for management actions, and challenges regarding sustainable water management. This overview concerns not only the mountain areas themselves but also downriver reaches and their surrounding lowlands, and, therefore, the relationship between mountain and lowland water issues.

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The book provides an overview of exciting recent developments and advances in our understanding of the role of clouds in climate and atmospheric chemistry.
Topics covered include: Modeling of clouds in GCMs; observations of the microphysical properties of clouds; the water vapor cycle; troposphere/stratosphere exchange; the role of clouds in tropospheric ozone; the regulation of current and paleoclimate by clouds; radiative/convection interactions; anthropogenic sulfate aerosols and the modification of cloud properties. ... Read more

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This practice-oriented book introduces chemists, engineers and technicians to the strategies, techniques and efficiency of modern process analytical chemistry. The author targets in particular those professionals in SMEs who have to carry out process control tasks in a "solo-run". ... Read more

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Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, held in Rolla, MO, August 6-11, 2000. Topics covered include ice nucleation, nucleation in condensed systems, particle growth and aerosol dynamics, and aerosol characterization and properties. ... Read more

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* Presents theoretical models for interpreting and predicting solubilities in solutions.
* Evaluates the collection techniques used to obtain solubility data and presents the most appropriate methods.
* Reviewed and commissioned by IUPAC, an internationally renowned society. ... Read more

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Presented here are authoritative and up-to-date assessments of the homogenous and heterogenous chemical and physical processes occuring in the troposphere and stratosphere, especially during the "ozone hole" event. The book begins with an overview of atmospheric chemistry, followed by reviews of relevant homogenous reactions in the gas phase and the microphysics and physical chemistry of heterogenous processes that occur on, or in aerosols, rain and ice. Low temperature laboratory studies are compared with related fieldwork measurements, particularly in relation to the formation and composition of polar stratospheric clouds. Also discussed are measurements in glacial ice. Finally chemical modelling of the troposphere and stratosphere, including heterogenous processes, is reviewed. ... Read more

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Atmospheric chemistry has been the focus of much research activity in recent years, and there is now heightened public awareness of the environmental issues in which it plays a part.

In a clear, readable style, this important book looks at the insights and interpretations afforded by the research, and places in context the exciting, dramatic, and sometimes disturbing findings.

Like its highly successful predecessor, this new edition lays down the principles of atmospheric chemistry and provides the necessary background for more detailed study. The text has been thoroughly revised and expanded throughout to take into account recent advances in atmospheric science that include a host of new atmospheric measurements, extended laboratory experiments, ever more sophisticated models, and ingenious interpretations of the phenomena.Heterogeneous processes are now known to be of great significance in the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere, and new sections of the book discuss the influence of such processes on both the stratosphere and the troposphere. A major eruption, that of Mount Pinatubo, has highlighted how volcanoes can influence 'natural' atmospheric chemistry, and the opportunity is taken to examine the effects of the gases and particles produced in such eruptions. The startling discovery of the 'Antarctic ozone hole' has now been matched by observations of similar ozone losses in the Arctic; both phenomena are explored in more depth than before, and the whole question of trends in stratospheric ozone concentrations is updated. New topics in tropospheric chemistry that are discussed in this edition for the first time include the atmospheric chemistry of biogenic hydrocarbons, of aromatic compounds, and of halogens and halogen-containing species.

Severalaspects have been added to the examination of air pollution, including the effects of biomass burning.Rapid changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, apparently a result of man's activities, are apparently even having an effect on global climate, and recent assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are presented in this context. Air transport continues to expand, and the influence of aircraft on atmospheric chemistry and, indeed, on climate has excited interest that is explained here. Moving away from Earth, information gathered by the Voyager, Galileo, and other space missions, which have provided a new understanding of the atmosphere of the planets other than our own, is also discussed and brought up to date.

This book does not attempt to suggest answers to the environmental problems facing us, but it lays the foundations for the study of atmospheric chemistry on which rational decisions will need to be based. A multidisciplinary approach is taken throughout in order to highlight the interplay between the atmosphere of a planet and other parts of the environment.This feature makes the book full of interest for chemists, physicists, biologists, and other scientists alike, and accessible to all of them. Readers will find the book an excellent introduction to an exciting topic, and a fascinating source of information about a part of science that is proving to be of key importance. ... Read more

Customer Reviews (1)

Solid and engaging read
I read this book as part of a class I took on environmental chemistry.It is thorough and extensive in the subject matter it covers, and was not too difficult to read.Alas, I find the subject matter boring before reading this book, and left with my opinions unchanged. ... Read more

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Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, held in Granada, Spain, September 6-11, 1987 ... Read more