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         Tsu Ch'ung Chi:     more detail

81. Pinyin To Wade-Giles To Zhuyin Conversion Table
chi, ch`ih, ?. chong, ch`ung, ?. chou, ch`ou, . huo, huo, ?.ji, chi, . jia, chia, ?. zou, tsou, . zu, tsu, . zuan,tsuan, ?.
http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/eastasian/ctable3.htm
Pinyin to Wade-Giles to Zhuyin Conversion Table
This page is best viewed with Internet Explorer 4 or higher. Pinyin Wade-Giles a a ai ai an an ang ang ao ao ba pa £t£« bai pai £t£¯ ban pan £t£³ bang pang £t£µ bao pao £t£± bei pei £t£° ben pen £t£´ beng peng £t£¶ bi pi £t£¸ bian pien £t£¸£³ biao piao £t£¸£± bie pieh £t£¸£® bin pin £t£¸£´ bing ping £t£¸£¶ bo po £t£¬ bu pu £t£¹ ca ts`a cai ts`ai can ts`an cang ts`ang cao ts`ao ce ts`e cen ts`en ceng ts`eng cha ch`a chai ch`ai chan ch`an chang ch`ang chao ch`ao che ch`e chen ch`en cheng ch`eng chi ch`ih chong ch`ung chou ch`ou chu ch`u chuai ch`uai chuan ch`uan chuang ch`uang chui ch`ui chun ch`un chuo ch`o ci tz`u cong ts`ung cou ts`ou cu ts`u cuan ts`uan cui ts`ui cun ts`un cuo ts`o da ta £x£« dai tai £x£¯ dan tan £x£³ dang tang £x£µ dao tao £x£± de te £x£­ deng teng £x£¶ di ti £x£¸ dian tien £x£¸£³ diao tiao £x£¸£± die tieh £x£¸£® ding ting £x£¸£¶ diu tiu £x£¸£² dong tung £x£¹£¶ dou tou £x£² du tu £x£¹ duan tuan £x£¹£³ dui tui £x£¹£° dun tun £x£¹£´ duo to £x£¹£¬ e o en en er erh fa fa £w£« fan fan £w£³ fang fang £w£µ fei fei £w£° fen fen £w£´ feng feng £w£¶ fo fo £w£¬ fou fou £w£² fu fu £w£¹ ga ka gai kai gan kan gang kang gao kao ge ko gen ken geng keng gong kung gou kou gu ku gua kua guai kuai guan kuan guang kuang gui kuei gun kun guo kuo ha ha hai hai han han hang hang hao hao he ho hei hei hen hen heng heng hong hung hou hou hu hu hua hua huai huai huan huan huang huang hui hui hun hun huo huo ji chi jia chia jian chien jiang chiang jiao chiao jie chieh jin chin jing ching Pinyin Wade-Giles jiong chiung jiu chiu ju juan jue jun ka k`a kai k`ai kan k`an kang k`ang kao k`ao ke k`o ken k`en keng k`eng kong k`ung kou k`ou ku k`u kua k`ua kuai k`uai kuan k`uan kuang k`uang kui k`uei kun k`un kuo k`uo la la lai lai lan lan lang lang lao lao le le lei lei leng leng li li lian

82. Geschiedenis
Met behulp van dezelfde theoretische methode als Archimedes zijn Ptolemy, tsu Ch'ungChi, al'Khwarizmi, Al'Kashi, Viète, Roomen, Van Ceulen verder gegaan in
http://users.pandora.be/koen.beek/pages/geschiedenis.htm
Geschiedenis
De eerste waardes van p , waaronder de bijbelse waarde van 3, zijn bijna zeker gevonden door metingen.
Lange tijd werd er van uitgegaan dat Babyloniërs in Mesopotanië voor de oppervlakte van een cirkel drie keer het kwadraat van de straal namen. In 1936 echter heeft men in Susa, een paar honderd kilometer van Babylon, een aantal kleitabletten gevonden waar vanuit één van deze kleitabletten kan worden afgeleid dat de schrijver de waarde 3 1/8 heeft gebruikt om de oppervlakte van een cirkel uit te rekenen. In het Egyptische Rhind Papyrus , van ongeveer 1650 BC werd 4(8/9) = 3.16 gebruikt als waarde voor p . In de Bijbeltekst uit 1 Koningen 7:23 wordt het metaalwerk van de tempel van Salomo's paleis beschreven waarbij 3 als waarde van p wordt genomen. 2000 BC Babyloniërs 1650 BC Egypte 1200 BC China 550 BC Bijbel De eerste theoretische berekening werd uitgevoerd door Archimedes van Syracuse p Met behulp van dezelfde theoretische methode als Archimedes zijn Ptolemy Tsu Ch'ung Chi al'Khwarizmi Al'Kashi ... Van Ceulen verder gegaan in de berekeningen om meer precieze resultaten te bekomen. 220 BC Archimedes 150 AD Ptolemy 480 AD Tsu Ch'ung Chi 800 AD Al'Khwarizmi 1430 AD Al'Kashi 14 cijfers 1580 AD Viète 9 cijfers 1590 AD Roomen 17 cijfers 1600 AD Van Ceulen 35 cijfers Al'Khwarizmi woonde in Bagdad, en gaf zijn naam aan 'algoritme', terwijl de woorden

83. Jingde Cheng's Home Page
AJPO) FAQ. Great Scientists Aristotle; Euclid of Alexandria; tsu Ch'ungChi; Ch'in ChiuShao; Yang Hui; Sir Isaac Newton; Gottfried Wilhelm
http://www.aise.ics.saitama-u.ac.jp/~cheng/links-j.html
Welcome to Jingde Cheng's home page
Links
Go - A 4000 Years Old Chinese Board Game of Territorial Possession:
Ada - The Language For a Complex World:
Great Scientists :
Associations :
Journals :
Publishers :
References :

84. Continued Fractions
292. This was (amazingly) known to the Chinese mathematician Ch'ungChi tsu before 500 AD. Sadly, we don't know how he found it.
http://www.gap-system.org/~john/analysis/Lectures/A6.html
MT2002 Analysis Previous page
(Cardinal numbers) Contents Next page
(The Golden Ratio)
Continued fractions
You can think of calculating the decimal expansion of a (positive) real number as the result of implementing the algorithm: (*) Make a note of the integer part of the number. Subtract this from the number.
This gives a number x in the range [0,1). If x then:
** Multiply x by 10 **
This (perhaps) gives a number 1. Now repeat the loop from (*). We can replace the step at by anything else that makes x bigger. In particular, if we put in: ** Take the reciprocal 1/ x of x then we get the Continued fraction expansion of x If you are lucky enough to have a calculator with a x button, then you can calculate this for (say) p = 3.141592654... and get the sequence 3, 7, 15, 1, 292, 1, 1, 1, ... which is written which is shorthand for Truncating this at 3 + gives the approximation while truncating it at 3 + gives the approximation = 3.14159292... which is correct to 6 decimal places. It is a particularly good approximation since it stops just short of the rather large number: 292. This was (amazingly) known to the Chinese mathematician Ch'ung Chi Tsu before 500 AD. Sadly, we don't know how he found it.

85. Sci-Philately - A Selective History Of Science On Stamps
Counting Nicaragua 877 . Pythagoras - Greece 583 ; Nicaragua C762 . tsu Ch'ungChi - PR China 246. al-Khwarizmi - Russia 5176 . Riese - Germany 799 .
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/sel/exhibits/stamps/mthndx1.htm
MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION STAMPS I
from Scott 2001 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue
Counting - Nicaragua 877#.
Pythagoras - Greece 583#; Nicaragua C762#.
Tsu Ch'ung Chi - P. R. China 246.
al-Khwarizmi - Russia 5176#.
Riese - Germany 799#.
Napier - Nicaragua C761#; Romania 1159-60.
Kepler - Dahomey C142.
Leibniz - Germany 926#, 1933.
Newton - Germany 1771%, Great Britain 1172-1175 .
Euler - German Democratic Republic 353, Switzerland B267#.
Goldbach - PRC 2982 Lagrange - France 869%. #For enlarged scans of these stamps, Link to Jeff Miller's Images of Mathematicians on Postage Stamps %For enlarged scans of these stamps, Link to Joachim Reinhardt's Physics-Related Stamps Sci-Philately A Selective History of Science on Stamps mnaylor@acsu.buffalo.edu

86. Table Of Computation Of Pi
1 3.15555 = 142/45 Liu Hui 263 5 3.14159 Siddhanta 380 3 3.1416 tsu Ch'ungChi 480? 7 3.1415926 Aryabhata 499 4 3.14156 Brahmagupta 640?
http://www.cecm.sfu.ca/projects/ISC/Pihistory.html
Table of computation of Pi from 2000 BC to now
The 20'th century
The n'th binary digit Bailey, Borwein, Plouffe Nov. 1995 40,000,000,000 (hexa 921C73C6838FB2) Bellard Jul. 1996 200,000,000,000 (hexa 1A10A49B3E2B82A4404F9193AD4EB6) Bellard Oct. 1996 400,000,000,000 (hexa 9C381872D27596F81D0E48B95A6C46)

87. Gesamtliste Briefmarken Des Monats - Manfred Boergens
Dezember 2000 - 1/4; November 2000 - Euler; Oktober 2000 - Fermats Letzter Satz.
http://www.fh-friedberg.de/users/boergens/marken/liste.htm

zur Leitseite

88. Islam And Science Web Page
The summary for this Bihari page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set.
http://www.pn.psu.ac.th/nivantef/scitable.html

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