1. History 430AD tsu ch'ung chi was born in Fanyang, China in 430 AD. He was an astronomer, engineer and mathematician. In astronomy, he recommended a new calendar that he made in 463. http://www.oxy.edu/~jquinn/home/Math490/Timeline/430AD.html

430 A.D. Contributions from Charles and Fili Tsu Ch'ung Chi was born in Fan-yang, China in 430 AD. He was an astronomer, engineer and mathematician. In astronomy, he recommended a new calendar that he made in 463. He also found an accurate time of the solstice by measuring the length of the Sun's shadow at noon around the time of the solstice. In mathematics he found a rational approximation 355/113 = 3.14159265 to pi (3.1415927 ). This is correct for six decimal places. Not much is known about his approximation because his book, written by his son is now lost. Tsu Ch'ung Chi and his father found the formula for the volume of a sphere by carrying out Liu Hui's suggestion. Author : Charles DeBoer References: http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tsu.html JOC/EFR December 1996 http://www.bmwf.gv.at/1bm/texts/95-2/9math.htm http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/china.math, Outline of the History of Chinese Mathematics Mathematics 105, History of Mathematics, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, Fall 1994, D Joyce Chinese mathematicians have contributed vastly to our current knowledge of Math. Perhaps one of the least mentioned for his work is Tsu Ch'ung Chi. A mathematician and astronomer between 430-501 AD, Chi calculated the rational approximation of 355/113 to Pi. His estimation

2. Manfred Boergens - Briefmarke Des Monats Maerz 2001 Briefmarke des Monats März 2001. tsu ch'ung chi (Zu Chong Zhi) ca. http://www.fh-friedberg.de/users/boergens/marken/briefmarke_01_03.htm

China 1955 Scott 246 Tsu Ch'ung Chi (Zu Chong Zhi) (ca. 429 - ca. 500) St. Andrews und R. Williams in [2]. (den Mittelwert der beiden Grenzen sieht man auf der Briefmarke) Hier ist der richtige Wert, gerundet auf 11 Nachkommastellen: Der auf der Briefmarke abgedruckte Mittelwert ist also eine korrekte Rundung auf 8 Nachkommastellen. Wegen 355/113 = 3.14159292035... ist der von Tsu angegebene Bruch auf 6 Nachkommastellen korrekt. Und heute? Im September 1999 berechnete der Japaner Takahashi Kanada 206.158.430.000 Nachkommastellen mit einem Computer (klar!), und das Wettrennen wird sicherlich noch weitergehen. = 805.306.368. Der Hildesheimer Mathematiker und Ingenieur Ludolph van Ceulen verbrachte die meiste Zeit seines Lebens mit n = 2 Wie hat es Tsu Ch'ung Chi gemacht? Wir wissen es nicht. Literatur G. Bonte Yuan Zhou Shuai MSU R. Williams Tsu Ch'ung-Chih MSU J. Arndt, C. Haenel Pi - Algorithmen, Computer, Arithmetik Springer Pi through the ages A chronology of Pi zur Leitseite Mathematische Philatelie

3. Tsu tsu ch'ung chi. a remarkable result on which it would be nice to have moredetails but tsu ch'ung chi's book, written with his son, is lost. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tsu.html

Tsu Ch'ung Chi Born: 430 in Fan-yang (now Hopeh), China Died: 501 in China Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He gave the rational approximation to p which is correct to 6 decimal places. He also proved that p a remarkable result on which it would be nice to have more details but Tsu Ch'ung Chi's book, written with his son, is lost. Tsu's astronomical achievements include the making of a new calendar in 463 which never came into use. Tsu also determined the precise time of the solstice by measuring the length of the Sun's shadow at noon on days near the solstice to reduce errors caused by the fact that it is very difficult to determine the exact time of the solstice. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page List of References (3 books/articles) A Poster of Tsu Mathematicians born in the same country Cross-references to History Topics Pi through the ages A chronology of pi Other references in MacTutor Chronology: 1AD to 500 Honours awarded to Tsu (Click a link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way) Lunar features Crater Tsu Chung-Chi Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index History Topics Societies, honours, etc.

4. Tsu tsu ch'ung chi. Born 430 in Fanyang (now Hopeh), China http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tsu.html

Tsu Ch'ung Chi Born: 430 in Fan-yang (now Hopeh), China Died: 501 in China Click the picture above to see two larger pictures Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He gave the rational approximation to p which is correct to 6 decimal places. He also proved that p a remarkable result on which it would be nice to have more details but Tsu Ch'ung Chi's book, written with his son, is lost. Tsu's astronomical achievements include the making of a new calendar in 463 which never came into use. Tsu also determined the precise time of the solstice by measuring the length of the Sun's shadow at noon on days near the solstice to reduce errors caused by the fact that it is very difficult to determine the exact time of the solstice. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page List of References (3 books/articles) A Poster of Tsu Mathematicians born in the same country Cross-references to History Topics Pi through the ages A chronology of pi Other references in MacTutor Chronology: 1AD to 500 Honours awarded to Tsu (Click a link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way) Lunar features Crater Tsu Chung-Chi Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index History Topics Societies, honours, etc.

5. Malaspina.com - Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) Research bibliography, books and links to 1 000 other interdisciplinary entries compiled by Russell McNeil. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~MCNEIL/tsu.htm

Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) [MacTutor, St. Andrews] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Tsu Ch'ung Chi Amazon Search Form] Used Books Search Form Alibris Dummies Books Amazon Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Tsu Chi [Berkeley Citation] MacTutor Page on Tsu Ch'ung Chi Top of Page

6. Malaspina.com - Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) Launch Previous Entry in New Window Malaspina Science Database Launch NextEntry in New Window tsu ch'ung chi (430501) MacTutor, St. Andrews. http://www.malaspina.edu/~mcneil/tsu.htm

Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) [MacTutor, St. Andrews] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Tsu Ch'ung Chi Amazon Search Form] Used Books Search Form Alibris Dummies Books Amazon Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Tsu Chi [Berkeley Citation] MacTutor Page on Tsu Ch'ung Chi Top of Page

7. Poster Of Tsu tsu ch'ung chi lived from 430 to 501 Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He introduced the approximation 355/113 to which is correct to 6 decimal places. Find out more at http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Posters2/Tsu.html

Tsu Ch'ung Chi lived from 430 to 501 Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He introduced the approximation 355/113 to which is correct to 6 decimal places. Find out more at http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/ Mathematicians/Tsu.html

8. MA 2108's Home Page tsu ch'ung chi ×æ³åÖ®(430501). Links to Calculus at Other Universities;Calculus II at the University of Pennsylvania. Calculus at Harvard, http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~matwujie/Spring02/

MA 2108, Spring 2002 Advanced Calculus II Lecturer: J. Wu Tutors: J. Wu Office: S14, 04-07, Faculty of Science, Lower Kent Ridge Road. e-mail: matwuj@nus.edu.sg Phone: Text Books: William R. Parzynski and Philip W. Zipse, Introduction to mathematical analysis , International Edition 1987, McGraw-Hill Book Company Press. G. B. Thomas, Jr. and Ross L. Finney, Calculus and analytic geometry , 9th Edition, International Student Edition, Addison-Wesley Longman Inc. Press, 1996. M. Braun, Differential equations and their applications, 3rd Edition, Applied Mathematical Sciences V. 15, Springer-Verlag, 1986. Course Outline Lecture Notes Supplement to Section 3.9 Supplement to Section 3.10 Lectures: Monday, Thursday, 4:00-5:30 pm, LT26. Everybody must attend all lectures and should arrive on time. In case you missed the class due to sick, then you should submit your MC to me. If you missed some classes without sufficient reasons, you might get negative credit to your grade from the course. Tutorials: Group 1: Tuesday 11-12, S13 0501

9. - Great Books - tsu ch'ung chi (430501), Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer.He tsu ch'ung chi's book, written with his son, is lost. Tsu's http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_1144.asp

Tsu Ch'ung Chi Tsu was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. He gave the rational approximation 355/113 to which is correct to 6 decimals. Tsu Ch'ung Chi's book, written with his son, is lost. Tsu's astronomical achievements include the making of a new calendar in 463 which never came into use. Tsu also determined the precise time of the solstice by measuring the length of the Sun's shadow at noon on days near the solstice to reduce errors caused by the fact that it is very difficult to determine the exact time of the solstice. [Adapted from MacTutor Browse Research Links Related Science Links Medieval Science

10. Mathcards.com - Mathematician Trading Cards tsu ch'ung chi. The images and biographical content for the "Math Cards" on this site are used with permission from the http://www.mathcards.com/

Euler Laplace Cauchy Descartes Archimedes Leibniz Khayyam Liouville Lorentz Minkowski Mobius Pythagoras Ramanujan Riemann Tsu Khwarizmi Hopital Bernoulli Fibonacci Fourier Godel Picard Stokes Sturm Taylor Agnesi Cavalieri Stevin Gauss Lagrange Lobachevsky Galois Seki Cardano Weierstrass Jacobi Eisenstein Hamilton Hilbert Euclid Hendrik Antoon Lorentz The images and biographical content for the "Math Cards" on this site are used with permission from the MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive of the University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland. Special thanks to Edmund Robertson , Head of the School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences at the University of St Andrews, and one of the developers of the History of Mathematics Archive

11. - Great Books - Trotula of Salerno (c. 1097), Medieval Science 118. tsu ch'ung chi (430-501), MedievalScience 119. Vesalius, Andreas (1514-1564), Renaissance Science 120. http://www.malaspina.com/site/results_c9_page2.htm

Search Results for: Science 123 results found Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 BC-c. 520 BC), Antiquity Science Qurrah al-Harrani, Thabit ibn (826-901), Medieval Science Razi (-al), Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya (c. 865-c. 935), Medieval Science Richards, Ellen Swallow (1842-1911), Romantic Science Russell, Bertrand (1872-1970), Modern Literature/Science Schrödinger, Erwin (1887-1961), Modern Science Snow, Baron Charles Percy Snow (C.P.) (1905-1980), Modern Literature/Science Somerville, Mary Fairfax (1780-1872), Classical Science Stevens, Nettie Maria (1861-1912), Romantic Science Strabo (c. 63 BC-3 BC), Antiquity Science Sudarkasa, Niara (1945-), Modern Science Tabari (-al), Ali Ibn Rabban (838-870), Medieval Science Thales of Miletus (c. 634 BC-c. 546 BC), Antiquity Science Theano of Kroton (c. 550 BC-), Antiquity Science Theophrastus (c. 371 BC-287 BC), Antiquity Literature/Science Torricelli, Evangelista (1608-1647), Baroque Science Trotula of Salerno (c. 1097-), Medieval Science Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501), Medieval Science Vesalius, Andreas

12. History Of Mathematics: China tsu ch'ung chi. c.430 c.501 http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/china.html

Mathematics in China Table of Contents A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Chronology of Mathematicians and Mathematical Works On-line References Bibliography ... Menubar access to other pages A brief outline of the history of Chinese mathematics Primary sources are Mikami's The Development of Mathematics in China and Japan and Li Yan and Du Shiran's Chinese Mathematics, a Concise History . See the bibliography below. Numerical notation, arithmetical computations, counting rods Traditional decimal notation one symbol for each of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000. Ex. 2034 would be written with symbols for 2,1000,3,10,4, meaning 2 times 1000 plus 3 times 10 plus 4. Goes back to origins of Chinese writing. Calculations performed using small bamboo counting rods. The positions of the rods gave a decimal place-value system, also written for long-term records. digit was a space. Arranged left to right like Arabic numerals. Back to 400 B.C.E. or earlier. Addition: the counting rods for the two numbers placed down, one number above the other. The digits added (merged) left to right with carries where needed. Subtraction similar.

13. EUCLID tsu ch'ung chi c.430 c.501 Chinese Mathematician tsu ch'ung chi,mathematician and astronomer, who calculated the value of pi http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons3_n2/tsu.html

TSU CH'UNG CHI c.430 - c.501 Chinese Mathematician Tsu Ch'ung Chi, mathematician and astronomer, who calculated the value of pi to 6 decimal places, and determined the precise time of the solstice www link : From the University of St. Andrews, Scotland School of Mathematics Biography

14. INDEX 5 sojo Tocqueville L Tojo P Tolstoy * Toramana Torricelli S Toulouse * Lautrec A Trajan* Tribonian * Truman P Tsai-lung Tshu-hi tsu ch'ung chi * Tudor, Mary W http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/History_n2/index_n2/index5.html

To General Lifelines To Special Lifelines To A-B To C-G To H-M To N-R S-Z Title S - Si S abaka Sachs , Hans L Sade Marquis de L Sadi Saikaku , Ihara L Saladin Sallust Sand , George L Sanger Margaret W Santa Ana P San Martin P Sappho Sartre Satie C Saud , Ibn P Savonarola Scarlatti C Schiller Schinkel A Schoenberg C Schrodinger S Schubert C Schumann Robert C Schumann Clara W Schutz Scipio Scotus Seleucus ... Selim I P Semper A Seneca Seurat A Severus Shajahan P Shaka P Shakespeare Shankara Shapur I Shaw ... Shostakovich C Shotoku Sian-chin Sibelius C Siemens S Sigismund Sigismund III King of Poland P Siloe A Sirani Elisabetta W ibn- Sina Sinan Sivaji P Sm - Sy Smetana C Snorri Socrates Solomon Solon ... Sorol Agnes W Spartacus Spinoza Ssu-ma Chien Stael , Mdm L Stalin Stein , Gertrude W Stein , Baron P Steinbeck L Stendhal L Stephenson S Stilicho Stowe , Harriet W Strabo J. Strauss C R. Strauss C Stravinsky C Strindberg L Stuart Mary W Sui Wen-ti Sui Yang-ti Sukarno P Suleiman Sulla Sun Yat-Sen P Swift L Sylvester II X enophanes Xerxes ... apata P Zeno Zenobia Zola L Zoroaster Zworykin S T - U T abari, al- Tacitus Tagore L T'ai-tsung Talleyrand P Tannhauser T'ao Tao-yue Tasso Torquato L Tchaikovsky C Tchekhov L Tecumseh P Telemann C Tenji Terence Terpander Tertullian ... Tesla S Thales Themistocles Theodora Theodoric ... Theresia,

15. Untitled Ptolemaios (asi 150 nl) odhadl císlo pí hodnotou 3.1416, tsu ch'ung chi(430 501) hodnotou 355/113, al'Khwarizmi (asi 800) hodnotou 3.1416. http://natura.baf.cz/natura/2001/7/20010705.html

Z historie matematiky a fyziky (2) zpracovali: Jiøí Svršek, Roman Bartoš Typografické poznámky k matematickým vztahùm jsou uvedeny na konci tohoto textu. 4. Historie èísla p Ve Starém zákonì v Bibli lze nalézt zmínky, napøíklad pøi popisu velkého chrámu krále Šalamouna postaveného kolem roku 850 pø.n.l, z nichž vyplývá, že èíslo p bylo odhadováno èíslem 3. Egypané a obyvatelé Mezopotámie odhadovali èíslo p hodnotou 25/8 a (10). Na obranu Šalamounových øemeslníkù je tøeba uvést, že pøi stavbì chrámu byly používány velké kvádry kamene, pøi jejichž usazování na místo nebyla nutná velká pøesnost. Skuteènost, že pomìr délky kružnice k jejímu polomìru je konstantní, byla známa velmi dlouho. První odhady èísla p byly získány mìøením, jako v pøípadì "biblické" hodnoty 3. V egyptském papyru, který objevil A. Henry Rhind je odhad èísla p dán èíslem 4.(8/9) První teoretický výpoèet èísla pí pochází od Archiméda ze Syrakus (287 - 212 pø.n.l.). Archimédes získal odhad p Archimédes vìdìl, že èíslo pí není rovno 22/7 a netvrdil, že objevil pøesnou hodnotu. Jeho nejlepším odhadem je 3.1418, jehož chyba je asi 0.0002. Archimédes pro odhad èísla p použil metodu vepsaných a opsaných mnohoúhelníkù kružnici s jednotkovým polomìrem. Nalezl vztahy pro odhad èísla pí pomocí obvodù tìchto mnohoúhelníkù a nalezl iteraèní vztahy mezi obvody n-úhelníkù a (n+1)-úhelníkù.

16. Chinese Astronomers Tsu Ch'ungChi tsu ch'ung chi (430-501) was a Chinese mathematicianand astronomer. In astronomy, he arrived at the precise time http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomer.html

Chinese Astronomers Zhang Heng (78-139) was a Chinese astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He constructed a celestial globe, believing that the world was round, "The sky is like a hen's egg, and is as round as a crossbow pellet; the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, lying alone at the centre. The sky is large and the Earth small." He also created a primitive, but very fanciful seismograph . His approximation of pi was the square root of 10. More.. More.. More Seismographs Zhang Sui A Chinese astronomer and Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty, Zhang Sui (683-727), was the first to describe proper stellar motion, or the apparent motion of stars across the plane of the sky relative to more distant stars. In Western astronomy, Edmond Halley is credited with this discovery in 1718 for some stars from Ptolemy's catalogue. Tsu Ch'ung-Chi Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501) was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. In astronomy, he arrived at the precise time of the solstice by measuring the sun's shadow at noon on days around the solstice. He gave the rational approximation 355/113 to p which is correct to 6 decimal places.

17. Chinese Astronomers Cui Zhongji Tsu Ch'ungChi Cui Zhongji tsu ch'ung chi (430-501)was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. In astronomy, he http://www.chinapage.org/astronomy/astronomer.html

Chinese Astronomers Zhang Heng (78-139) was a Chinese astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He constructed a celestial globe, believing that the world was round, "The sky is like a hen's egg, and is as round as a crossbow pellet; the Earth is like the yolk of the egg, lying alone at the centre. The sky is large and the Earth small." He also created a primitive, but very fanciful seismograph . His approximation of pi was the square root of 10. More.. More.. More Seismographs Zhang Sui A Chinese astronomer and Buddhist monk of the Tang dynasty, Zhang Sui (683-727), was the first to describe proper stellar motion, or the apparent motion of stars across the plane of the sky relative to more distant stars. In Western astronomy, Edmond Halley is credited with this discovery in 1718 for some stars from Ptolemy's catalogue. Cui Zhongji [Tsu Ch'ung-Chi] Cui Zhongji [Tsu Ch'ung Chi] (430-501) was a Chinese mathematician and astronomer. In astronomy, he arrived at the precise time of the solstice by measuring the sun's shadow at noon on days around the solstice. He gave the rational approximation 355/113 to p which is correct to 6 decimal places.

18. History Ptolemy (c. 150 AD) 3.1416 tsu ch'ung chi (430501 AD) 355/113 al'Khwarizmi (c.800) 3.1416 Al'Kashi (c. 1430) 14 places Viète (1540-1603) 9 places Roomen http://www.wfu.edu/Academic-departments/Art/pickel-websp99/inman/history.html

HISTORY The earliest values of pi including the 'Biblical' value of 3, were almost certainly found by measurement. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated about 1650 BC, there is good evidence for 4(8/9) = 3.16 as a value for The first theoretical calculation seems to have been carried out by Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC). He obtained the approximation 223/71 < 22/7. Before giving an indication of his proof, notice that very considerable sophistication involved in the use of inequalities here. Archimedes knew, what so many people to this day do not, that does not equal 22/7, and made no claim to have discovered the exact value. If we take his best estimate as the average of his two bounds we obtain 3.1418, an error of about 0.0002. People went on calculating after Archimedes: Ptolemy (c. 150 AD) 3.1416 Tsu Ch'ung Chi (430-501 AD) 355/113 al'Khwarizmi (c. 800) 3.1416

19. Home/Giáo D?c-Ðào T?o/Góc HSSV/Tin H?c/ tsu ch'ung chi. Sinh 430 ? Trung Qu?c. M?t 501. tsu ch'ung chi dã tìmra k?t qu? p = b?ng cách nào thì không m?t ai bi?t du?c. http://www.hssv.vnn.vn/citd/cacsodara/nam2001/T1_2001/TR20_23.html

Home Gi¡o dục-Đ o tạo G³c HSSV Tin học/ TỪ TƯ DUY TON HỌC ĐẾN TƯ DUY THUẬT TON Anh Lª - (Tiếp theo) Để giºp c¡c bạn trẻ r¨n luyện kỹ năng lập tr¬nh, chºng t´i xin giới thiệu b i viết của t¡c giả Anh Lª . Qua b i n y t¡c giả giºp c¡c bạn phÆ°Æ¡ng ph¡p h¬nh th nh tÆ° duy thuật to¡n trước khi bắt tay v o lập tr¬nh. ChÆ°Æ¡ng tr¬nh về bản chất chỉ l  sá»± thể hiện của tÆ° duy thuật to¡n. Đứng trước một vấn đề, một b i to¡n bạn đừng c³ bắt tay ngay v o lập tr¬nh m  h£y nghÄ© xem l m c¡ch n o để giải n³. TÆ° duy to¡n học hay thuật to¡n từ b i to¡n đơn giản C¢u hỏi. Ho¡ ra l  c¹ng một tr¬nh thay c¡c gi¡ trị ban đầu kh¡c nhau nhÆ°ng vẫn cho ra kết quả. Với c¡c gi¡ trị ban đầu của a v  b nhÆ° thế n o th¬ tr¬nh Archimedes hội tụ về số p ChÆ°a hết ngạc nhiªn! Tsu Ch'ung Chi Sinh : 430 ở Trung Quốc.

20. Asian Links - China, Japan, Korea, & India Ancient Mathematicians China's tsu ch'ung chi. India Caves of Ajanta and Ellora- They constitute one of the most beautiful expressions of the art of the http://killeenroos.com/link/asia.htm

(in cludes China Japan Korea and Southeast Asia ( Thailand Vietnam , and India back to social studies link index Ancient Scripts of the World Alphabets- Ancient development and connections Have your name printed in Chinese characters - Good Orient - products from the orient Art of China HomePage/Zodiac Art - many articles on Batik (intor to how to etc..), tie dying from India, facial make up in chinese operas. Products from Good Orient Ikats of Indonesia Baroung dances of Bali Ancient Contacts Between India And Greece @ The Aryan Pages Art - Cinese by dynasties Beijing - maps, Forbidden City very complete Biomedicine - History of -includes both Asian and Indian sites Boxer Rebellion China - Activities - An entire unit on the history, culture, language, government of China from Indiana University Online adaptation of these listings at this web site China Special - CNN very interactive has timeline, maps, games, rulers, Quotes of Mao, 1800s in China - "The Open Door" great actual photographs plus text 50the Anniversay - predictions for the future Art of War - Sun Tzu's Ancient Chinese Dynasties - Zhou art - Five dynasties during feudal period Astrology Boxer Rebellion Calendar Classical Art ... Calligraphy - thinkquest very detailed about how to write, the shape of the letters, how to make numbers

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