61. EVENTS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS circumnavigating expedition; 1535 niccolo fontana tartaglia has amethod for solving certain types of cubic equations; 1540 Michael http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/science/sciehist.html

EVENTS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS a.c 1400 p.c 1700 p.c 1800 p.c ... 1900 p.c -3000 The abacus is invented in the Tigris-Euphrates valley -1700 Egyptian mathematicians employ fractions -586 Thales of Miletus predicts a solar eclipse in 585 B.C. -530 Pythagoras studies propositional geometry and vibrating lyre strings -380 Hippocrates begins the scientific study of medicine -370 Eudoxus states the method of exhaustion -300 Euclid studies geometry as a deductive system in Elements and states the law of reflection in Catoptrics -230 Archimedes writes The Sand-Reckoner -200 Apollonius writes On Conic Sections and names the ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola -200 Eratosthenes roughly determines the radius of the Earth -130 Hipparchus creates the magnitude scale of stellar apparent luminosities and discovers the precession of the equinoxes -46 Julius Caesar orders the development of the Julian calendar 50 Cleomedes studies refraction 60 Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica Mechanics Catoptrics , and Pneumatics 130 Claudius Ptolemy tabulates angles of refraction for several media 250 Diophantus writes Arithmetica , the first systematic treatise on algebra 550 Hindu mathematicians give a numeral representation to zero 1054 Chinese and American Indian astronomers observe the Crab supernova explosion 1202 Leonardo Fibonacci demonstrates the utility of Arabic numerals in his Book of the Abacus 1248 Roger Bacon writes formulas for gunpowder in his

62. Science News Online - Ivars Peterson's MathLand - 8/17/96 In the 16th century, a more elaborate edition of this problem, proposed by Venetianmathematician niccolo fontana tartaglia, featured three beautiful brides http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arch/8_17_96/mathland.htm

August 17, 1996 Tricky Crossings Have you heard the one about the itinerant entertainer traveling with a wolf, a goat, and a basket of cabbages? The showman comes to a river and finds a small boat that holds only himself and one passenger. For obvious reasons, he can't leave the wolf alone with the goat, or the goat with the cabbages. How does he get his cargo safely to the other side? Brainteasers that involve ferrying people and their belongings across a river under trying circumstances have been around for centuries. This particular version dates back to the eighth century and the writings of Alcuin, a poet, educator, cleric, and friend of Charlemagne. In the 16th century, a more elaborate edition of this problem, proposed by Venetian mathematician Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, featured three beautiful brides and their young, handsome, and intensely jealous husbands, who come to a river. The small boat that is to take them across holds no more than two people. To avoid any compromising situations, the crossings must be arranged so that no woman is left with a man unless her husband is also present. How many trips does it take to ferry them all across the river without igniting an angry outburst? It turns out that 11 trips are required. Five passages are needed for just two couples. With four or more couples, however, it's impossible to accomplish the crossings under the required conditions.

63. Dir For Simmonsclan.com tartaglia niccolo fontana known as tartaglia (1499-1557) Open this link ina new window - Few European mathematicians of the 16th century had been as http://dir.simmonsclan.com/Science/Math/Mathematicians/

Other Resources: briefcase calendar contacts mail ... Math Mathematicians Collections Algebraists Calculus Chaoticians ... Statisticians Also see: Society: People Science: Math: History Society: People: Women: Women's Studies: Math and Science Science: Physics: History: People ... Woltman, George - GIMPS The Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search - GIMPS is dedicated to a rigorous search for new Mersenne primes. Our goal is to test every Mersenne number with an exponent less than 20,500,000. Willard van Orman Quine - home page maintained by his son Whitehead - Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) - British mathematician, logician and philosopher, in collaboration with Bertrand Russell, authored the landmark three-volume Principia Mathematica (1910, 1912, 1913). Weyl - Hermann Weyl (1885-1955) - The greatest mathematician of his generation, Weyl made major contributions to Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Theory, and created a new branch of mathematics by uniting function theory and geometry, worked with Einstein. Weierstraￃﾟ - Karl Weierstraￃﾟ (1815-1897) - German mathematician who is considered the father of modern Analysis. His father enrolled him in law school, where Weierstraￃﾟ majored in fencing and beer-drinking. He left without his degree.

64. Chapter9 publishing his work. niccolo fontana known as tartaglia found againthe solution of the 3rd degree equation. This particular project http://members.tripod.com/~PetrilisD/ch91.htm

Chapter 9 History of Polynomial Equations and Polynomial Equations with Degree Higher than Four One of the oldest and maybe for centuries the only area of study in Algebra had been polynomial equations. The problem was the finding of formulas that could give the roots of polynomials in relation with their coefficients. It has been found, from historical researches, that the ancient Babylonians, who created their civilization in 2000 B.C. in Mesopotamia, knew how to find the roots of 1st and 2nd degree polynomials. Also they could approximate the square roots of numbers. They formulated the problems and their solutions mostly orally. The next big step was done by the ancient Greeks. A group of mathematicians called Pythagoreans(5th century B.C.), proved that the square roots that appeared in the study of 2nd degree equations resulted to the existence of the irrational numbers. The Babylonians had already calculated that but they did not wonder if there is a rational number such that . The discovery of irrational numbers is due to the Pythagoreans. The ancient Greeks were using Geometrical designs for the solving of polynomial equations of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd degree. That is Geometrical designs made with a ruler and a pair of compasses. Traces of Algebraic representation for the solving of 2nd degree equations did not exist until 100 B.C. The mathematician Diofante in 250 B.C. introduced a form of Algebraic symbolism. The arithmetic of Diofante is for Algebra of the same importance as the elements of Euclid for Geometry. The Arabians improved Algebraic Calculus but did not manage to solve equations of the 3rd degree.

65. Ivars Peterson's MathLand In the sixteenth century, a more elaborate edition of this problem, proposed byVenetian mathematician niccolo fontana tartaglia, featured three beautiful http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathland_8_19.html

Ivars Peterson's MathLand August 19, 1996 Tricky Crossings Have you heard the one about an itinerant entertainer traveling with a wolf, a goat, and a basket of cabbages? The showman comes to a river and finds a small boat that holds only himself and one passenger. For obvious reasons, he can't leave the wolf alone with the goat, or the goat with the cabbages. How does he get his cargo safely to the other side? Brainteasers that involve ferrying people and their belongings across a river under trying circumstances have been around for centuries. This particular version dates back to the eighth century and the writings of Alcuin, a poet, educator, cleric, and friend of Charlemagne. In the sixteenth century, a more elaborate edition of this problem, proposed by Venetian mathematician Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia, featured three beautiful brides and their young, handsome, and intensely jealous husbands, who come to a river. The small boat that is to take them across holds no more than two people. To avoid any compromising situations, the crossings must be arranged so that no woman is left with a man unless her husband is also present. How many trips does it take to ferry them all across the river without igniting an angry outburst? It turns out that 11 trips are required. Five passages are needed for just two couples. With four or more couples, however, it's impossible to accomplish the crossings under the required conditions.

66. Mathematiker - Wikipedia niccolo fontana tartaglia (Italien, 1499-1557);Brook Taylor (Großbritannien, 1685-1731); Pafnutii Lwowitsch http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematiker

Hauptseite Letzte Änderungen Seite bearbeiten Versionen Spezialseiten Meine Benutzereinstellungen Meine Beobachtungsliste Zeige Letzte Änderungen Dateien hochladen Zeige hochgeladene Dateien Zeige registrierte Benutzer Zeige Seitenstatistik Zufälliger Artikel Zeige verwaiste Artikel Zeige verwaiste Dateien Zeige beliebte Artikel Zeige gewünschte Artikel Zeige kurze Artikel Zeige lange Artikel Zeige neue Artikel Zeige alle Artikel (alphabetisch) Zeige blockierte IP-Addressen Wartungsseite Externe Buchhandlungen Druckversion Diskussion Anmelden Hilfe Andere Sprachen: English Esperanto Français Slovensko Mathematiker aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie Wissenschaftler deren Fachgebiet das Studium der Mathematik ist. Einige berühmte Mathematiker (in alphabetischer Reihenfolge): (Übernommen aus der int. WP) Niels Henrik Abel Norwegen Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi Irak , ca. 780-850) André Marie Ampère Frankreich Charles Babbage Großbritannien ... Griechenland , ca. 325 v.Chr. - ca. 265 v.Chr. ) Leonhard Euler Schweiz Paul Erdös Ungarn ... Italien Leonardo von Pisa Fibonacci Italien Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier Frankreich ... Griechenland , ca. 569 v. Chr. - ca. 475 v. Chr.)

67. Halallista Bernhard (18261866) Ruffini, Paolo (1765-1822) Stieltjes, Thomas Jan (1856-1894)Sylvester, Janes Joseph (1814-1897) tartaglia, niccolo fontana (1500-1557 http://www.klte.hu/~pirosa/matek.html

Cardano, Girolamo (1501-1576) Cardano, Girolamo (1501-1576)

68. La Galerie De Portraits Des Mathématiciens Translate this page T. tartaglia (niccolo fontana, dit) 1499-1557, TAYLOR Brook 1685-1731 d'autres photos,TCHEBYCHEV Pafnouti 1821-1894, THALES (de Milet) 624-546 BC d'autres photos. http://trucsmaths.free.fr/images/matheux/matheux_simpl.htm

La galerie de portraits des mathématiciens "Les mathématiciens ne meurent pas. Ils perdent juste certaines de leurs fonctions." Retour à la page des trucs A ABEL Niels Henrik AGNESI Maria AL KHWARIZMI Abu Ja'far Mohammed Ben Mussa v.770-840 (ou 790-850 ou 800-847) APPOLONIUS (de Perge) 250-190 BC ARTIN Emil ARCHIMEDE 287-212 BC Détail du bonnet d'Archimède (son nom en grec) B BERNOULLI Daniel BERNOUILLI Jean (Johann) BEZOUT Etienne BOLTZMANN Ludwig BOLYAI Janos BOREL Emile BOURBAKI Nicolas BROUNKER William BUFFON Georges Louis le Clerc d'autres photos C CANTOR Georg CARATHEODORY Constantin d'autres photos CARDAN Girolamo (Jérôme) CARTAN Elie CARTAN Henri (fils d'Elie) 1904- CAYLEY Arthur d'autres photos CAUCHY Augustin-Louis CHOQUET Gustave D D'ALEMBERT Jean le Rond DARBOUX Gaston DEDEKIND Richard Julius Wilhelm d'autres photos DESCARTES René d'autres photos DIRICHLET Gustav DIEUDONNE Jean d'autres photos E EINSTEIN Albert d'autres photos ERATHOSTENE 276-194 BC EUCLIDE 330-275 BC EULER Leonard d'autres photos F FERMAT Pierre (de) d'autres photos FIBONACCI (Leonard de Pise) FREGE Gottlob FROBENIUS Ferdinand Georg FUCHS Lazare FOURIER Joseph G GALOIS Evariste d'autres photos GAUSS Carl Friedrich d'autres photos GERMAIN Sophie GODEL Kurt GREGORY James GROTHENDIECK Alexandre H HADAMARD Jacques HASSE Helmut HAUSSDORF Félix HERMITE Charles HILBERT David d'autres photos I J JACOBI (Karl) Gustav JORDAN Camille Marie Ennemond K KHAYAM Omar 1048-1131 (ou 1122) KLEIN Félix KOLMOGOROV Andreï (Nikoloevich) KOVALEVSKAÏA Sonya L LAGRANGE Joseph Louis LAMBERT Johann Heinrich LANDAU Edmund Georg LAPLACE Pierre Simon

69. La Galerie De Portraits Des Mathématiciens Translate this page Simon 1548-1620. T. tartaglia (niccolo fontana, dit) 1499-1557, TAYLORBrook 1685-1731, TAYLOR Brook 1685-1731. TCHEBYCHEV Pafnouti 1821 http://trucsmaths.free.fr/images/matheux/matheux_complet.htm

La galerie de portraits des mathématiciens "Les mathématiciens ne meurent pas. Ils perdent juste certaines de leurs fonctions." Retour à la page des trucs A ABEL Niels Henrik AGNESI Maria AL KHWARIZMI Abu Ja'far Mohammed Ben Mussa v.770-840 (ou 790-850 ou 800-847) APPOLONIUS (de Perge) 250-190 BC ARTIN Emil ARCHIMEDE 287-212 BC Détail du bonnet d'Archimède (son nom en grec) B BERNOULLI Daniel BERNOUILLI Jean (Johann) BEZOUT Etienne BOLTZMANN Ludwig BOLYAI Janos BOREL Emile BOURBAKI Nicolas BROUNKER William BUFFON Georges Louis le Clerc BUFFON Georges Louis le Clerc C CANTOR Georg CARATHEODORY Constantin CARATHEODORY CARDAN Girolamo (Jérôme) CARTAN Elie CARTAN Henri (fils d'Elie) 1904- CAYLEY Arthur CAYLEY Arthur CAUCHY Augustin-Louis CHOQUET Gustave D D'ALEMBERT Jean le Rond DARBOUX Gaston DEDEKIND Richard Julius Wilhelm DEDEKIND Richard Julius Wilhelm DESCARTES René DESCARTES René DIRICHLET Gustav DIEUDONNE Jean DIEUDONNE Jean E Remarque : Einstein n'est pas vraiment un mathématicien (un physicien tout au plus ...) mais je l'aime bien et il a une bonne tête ! EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert EINSTEIN Albert Le bureau d'Einstein ERATHOSTENE 276-194 BC EUCLIDE 330-275 BC EULER Leonard EULER Leonard EULER Leonard F FERMAT Pierre (de) FERMAT Pierre (de) FIBONACCI (Leonard de Pise) FREGE Gottlob FROBENIUS Ferdinand Georg FUCHS Lazare FOURIER Joseph G GALOIS Evariste GALOIS Evariste GAUSS Carl Friedrich GAUSS Carl Friedrich GERMAIN Sophie GODEL Kurt GREGORY James GROTHENDIECK Alexandre H HADAMARD Jacques HASSE Helmut

70. Undergraduate Handbook x3 + px = q but it was not until 1545 that Girolamo Cardano published Ars Magna,which contained the solution of niccolo fontana (nicknamed tartaglia). http://www.math.mun.ca/UnderGradHandbook/courses/pm4331.htm

Pure Mathematics 4331 Galois Theory Scipio del Ferro is believed to have solved the cubic equation x3 + px = q but it was not until 1545 that Girolamo Cardano published Ars Magna , which contained the solution of Niccolo Fontana (nicknamed Tartaglia). Cardano also published in Ars Magna a method, due to Ludovico Ferrari, of solving the quartic equation by reducing it to the cubic. All the formulae discovered had one striking property, which can be illustrated by Fontana's solution of The expression is built up from the coefficients p and q by repeated addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and extraction of roots. Such expressions became known as radical expressions. Since all equations of degree less than five were now solved, it was natural to ask how the quintic equation could be solved by radicals. It was not until 1824 that Abel proved conclusively that the general quintic equation could not be solved by radicals. Galois proved in 1832 that the general polynomial equation of degree five or higher could not be solved by radicals. The core of this course is a proof of this fact. Text . The book Field Theory and its Classical Problems by Charles Robert Hadlock, The Carus Mathematical Monographs #19 MAA, matches the course in content and level. Other references include

71. Famous People Who Stutter niccolo fontana, nicknamed tartaglia(stammerer) because of his speech an Italianmathematician famous for his algebraic solution of cubic equations. http://www.mankato.msus.edu/comdis/kuster/famous/famouspws.html

FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO STUTTER (The above picture was developed by Darrell Dodge and is used with permission. The list that follows was compiled by Judy Kuster from an NSP handout and personal additions from various resources, including Knotted Tongues , a book by Benson Bobrick, and Stuttering and Other Fluency Disorders , by Franklin Silverman - with hypertext links to several internet references.) In the past: Aesop - Greek storyteller, and a huge collection of his fables Walter H. Annenberg - publisher, broadcaster, diplomat and philanthropist. Aristotle Notker Balbulus (the Stammerer) , a Dark Ages monk who played important roles in both plainchant and the development of our calendar. Balbus Blaesius - A Roman who was in a "freak show." People would give him money to stutter. His last name is the Italian word for stuttering Clara Barton - Founder of the American Red Cross. Baudouin the Lannoy , a knight of the golden fleece - portrait by Jan Van Eyck in the State Museum in Berlin. Thomas Becket , Archbishop of Canterbury Arnold Bennett - British writer and journalist.

72. What's New niccolo fontana, nicknamed tartaglia(stammerer) because of his speech added to FamousPeople Who Stuttered an Italian mathematician famous for his algebraic http://www.mankato.msus.edu/comdis/kuster/whatsnew99.html

for 1999 What's New from 1997 What's New from 1998 December Ann Vallack Dewar added to "Remembering the contributions of those who have passed on." http://www.stutteringhomepage.com domain name purchased for the Stuttering Home Page Is There a Genetic Basis for Stuttering? by John C. Harrison The Pebble and the Penguin, I, Claudius, and Billy Budd added to movies that portray stuttering Remembering Scatman John - a threaded discussion for posting memories or feelings. Examples of a remediational folk myth and an etiological folk myth added to Folk Myths about Stuttering Therapy idea added to Suggestions for Treating Cluttering An example of cooperation between ASHA and the National Council on Stuttering to get a poster pulled from the market. Loss of Innocence by Michael Hughes The Rage by Michael Hughes Marriage Vows by Michael Hughes C-C-C-Cold Enough For You? by Michael Hughes Fear Therapy? by Michael Hughes 57 new entries added to Annotated Bibliography on Stuttering Information about the video Danny and the Scatman Review by Ken St. Louis of The Adventures of Phil Carrot: The Forest of Discord by Michael Sugarman and Kim Swain NJ Youth Day: Celebrating Me/Taming The Speech Monster by Lucy Reed.

73. Science/Math/Mathematicians URL http//www.scotlandsource.com/about/napier.htm tartaglia niccolo fontana knownas tartaglia (1499-1557) Few European mathematicians of the 16th century http://www.science-and-research.com/Science/Math/Mathematicians/

Search: Category Description: Biography and personal web pages of Math professionals and enthuses, living and dead. Science Math Mathematicians Algebraists Calculus Collections Computational ... Marvin Minsky Features texts interviews excerpts and a bibliography going back to his Bachelors thesis in mathematics at Harvard. URL: http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/minsky Paul Erd¶s Tributes obituaries articles. URL: http://theory.cs.uchicago.edu/erdos.html Simpson Thomas (1710-1761) Best remembered for his work on interpolation and numerical methods of integration first job was as a weaver taught mathematics privately write texts on mathematics. URL: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Simpson.html Poisson - Sim©on Denis Poisson (1781-1840) Most important works were a series of papers on definite integrals and his advances in Fourier series important work on probability the Poisson distribution first appeared. URL: http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/reference/physicist/Poisson.html Kustaa Inkeri Portrait of a Mathematician Kustaa Inkeri is the author of significant papers on number theory especially on topics related to Fermat's Last Theorem. Finnish mathematicians know Inkeri as the founder of the school of number theory in Finland. URL: http://www.utu.fi/~taumets/inkeri.htm

74. 1_58 Translate this page (8,5,3 4,4) niccolo' fontana detto tartaglia, General Trattato di pesi e misure1556 (8,5,3 4,4), ( 24,5,11,13 8,8,8) Bachet de Mezierac, Problemes http://digilander.libero.it/maior2000/DeViribus/1_58.html

Il noto problema dei travasi. Si tratta di dividere fra piu' persone (generalmente 2) il contenuto di un recipiente pieno utilizzando due o piu' contenitori vuoti . La notazione (8,5,3 : 4,4) indica i dati del primo problema, con un contenitore da 8 litri pieno, ottenere 4 e 4 utilizzando 2 contenitori vuoti di 5 e 3 litri. Cap LIII A partire una botte de vino fra doi LIII To divide a barrel of wine between two persons Pacioli da' una unica soluzione: Cap LIIII A partire unaltra botte fra doi LIIII To divide another barrel between two persons Qui c'e' una grossa svista, da' una soluzione in 18 travasi , ma all'ottavo travaso si ritrova con 7 5 posizione che aveva gia' ottenuto al primo travaso. Here there is a big oversight, he gives a solution in 18 decant, but to the eighth passage find 7 5 0, position that had already obtained past the first decant Cap LIII (b) Et a partirla ancora fra 3 fratelli dicto effecto LIII(b) Divide this between three brothers 18 (full), 5, 6, 7 (empty) to get 6,6,6

75. 3 Errres Translate this page pasó rápidamente al ataque y desafió a uno de los más famosos matemáticos dela época niccolo fontana -de Brescia-, más conocido por tartaglia debido a http://www.3errres.com/revista/4/cultura3.html

CULTURA EL VISOR DIVULGACION CIENTIFICA POR CUENQUIN DEL ALGEBRA Y SUS INICIOS "Aprende cuando te sea necesario, con lo que tu vida será la más dichosa". Pitágoras pOR cARLOS fERNÁNDEZ (CUENQUIN) La palabra álgebra deriva del árabe Al-Jabr, que significa restauración o restitución. Es la parte de la matemática que trata de las cantidades consideradas en general, sirviéndose para representarlas de letras y otros signos. Está considerada como una generalización de la aritmética. Aunque los antiguos griegos y romanos utilizaban letras en su sistema de numeración no se puede hablar de un álgebra griega o romana, ya que las letras en estos casos representaban cantidades concretas. El álgebra comienza cuando los matemáticos se interesan por operaciones que se pueden efectuar con cualquier número, representando entonces ese "cualquier número" por una letra; en ese momento se da el paso de la aritmética, que se interesa por los números concretos, al álgebra, que se interesa por los números en general. El origen del álgebra podemos situarlo en la cultura árabe a partir del siglo IX. Los musulmanes (creyentes en el Islam) ocuparon a partir del siglo VII Mesopotamia, Irán, Palestina y Egipto, en Oriente, y posteriormente el norte de Africa: Túnez, Argelia y Marruecos.

76. Vamos A Desarrollar La Relación Entre Dos Grandes Matemáticos: TARTAGLIA Y CAR Translate this page Micheletto fontana, de Brescia. ¿Qué información creer? A gusto del oyente, cadauno que juzgue y elija. Sobre el origen de su nombre, niccolo tartaglia él http://www.mundofree.com/jesusgomez/TARTCARD.htm

TARTAGLIA Y CARDANO Vamos a desarrollar la relación entre dos grandes matemáticos: TARTAGLIA Y CARDANO. Esta relación fue tortuosa y lo realizaremos a tres niveles para no cansar a los navegadores informáticos con tantas matemáticas, que por muy amenas que sean pueden resultar indigestas. Y como dice el dicho, lo bueno si es breve, es doble bueno. Aunque más de uno pensará que calificar de BUENAS a las matemáticas es estar fuera de la realidad; y es cierto, el calificativo de BUENO es demasiado poco para los beneficios que las matemáticas nos facilitan. No obstante lo dejaremos con el calificativo de BUENO para que sea mayor el consenso. Nos pasearemos primero a lo largo de la vida de Tartaglia, después conoceremos pinceladas de la vida de Cardano y en en tercer lugar detallaremos la relación matemática entre ambos que es interesante. TARTAGLIA. De este matemático conocemos detalles de su biografía gracias a unas notas autobiografícas cuya autenticidad se ha puesto en duda en varias ocasiones. Así dice no saber el apellido de su padre, pero en su testamento se declara hijo del maestro de postas Micheletto Fontana, de Brescia.

77. Untitled Translate this page 1534 niccolo fontana (tartaglia, 1499-1557) descobre uma regra para determinaras soluções de uma equação cúbica do género x^3+px=q (divulgada por http://www.terravista.pt/bilene/7980/Histori0.htm

CRONOLOGIA DA HISTÓRIA DA MATEMÁTICA (e não só) 2138 a.C. Os chineses Sol Lusse Yong e Rêve Lex Yong inventam o Tangram. 2000 a.C. Os primeiros sistemas de numeração de base 60 surgem nas civilizações suméria e babilónica (como se pode ver no quadro ao lado, antes desta data havia sistemas muito simples para escrever números) 1700 a.C. Foram descobertas referências a certas equações do 2º grau para resolver problemas numéricos. 624-546 a.C. Vida do "primeiro matemático", Thales de Mileto cujo lema era "a água é o princípio de todas as coisas". Entre outros, demonstrou que "um ângulo inscrito numa semicircunferência é recto", uma circunferência é bissectada por um seu diâmetro" e o já famoso Teoremas de Thales, "se dois triângulos são tais que dois ângulos e o lado por eles compreendido de um deles são geometricamente iguais respectivamente a dois ângulos e ao lado por eles compreendido no outro, então os triângulos são geometricamente iguais". Para Thales de Mileto, a questão não era "o que sabemos" mas "como sabemos. (Aristóteles)

78. Tartaglia [Tartaleo, Tartaia], Niccolo Severely injured as a child, this mathematician taught himself and went on to solve thirddegree equations. Read a biographical outline. http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Catalog/Files/tartalia.html

Catalog of the Scientific Community Tartaglia [Tartaleo, Tartaia], Niccolo Note: the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue cannot answer email on genealogical questions. 1. Dates Born: Brescia, probably in 1499 Died: Venice, 13 Dec. 1557 Dateinfo: Birth Uncertain Lifespan: 2. Father Occupation: Government Official His father, Michele, was a postal courier in the service of the government of Brescia. He died in 1506, leaving his family in poverty. Tartaglia was not the family name. Tartaglia took it as a nickname, which referred to his inability to talk clearly as a result of terrible wounds to his head and jaw during the sack of Brescia in 1512. 3. Nationality Birth: Italian Career: Italian Death: Italian 4. Education Schooling: No University The family was so poor that Tartaglia received no formal education. About the age of 14, he went to a Master Francesco to learn to write the alphabet; but by the time he reached "k," he was no longer able to pay the teacher. From that time he taught himself. He began his mathematical studies apparently at an abacus school at about age 15 and progressed quickly. (This information appears to be at odds with the assertion that Tartaglia was self-taught.

79. Facharbeit Mathematik - Geheimnisse Des Rechenmeisters - Niccolò "Tartaglia" Fo                     II.1     Niccolò "tartaglia" fontana fontana wurde 1499 oder 1500 in Brescia geboren. http://sebastian.offermann.bei.t-online.de/facharbeit/fontana.html

Niccolò "Tartaglia" Fontana Antonionmaria Fior , Fontana zu einem Wettkampf heraus: beide sollten 30 Aufgaben stellen, die der andere innerhalb eines abgesteckten Zeitrahmens lösen musste. Fior stellte Fontana Aufgaben, die das Lösen kubischer Gleichungen voraussetzten. Diese galten damals noch allgemein als unlösbar. Lediglich Scippione del Ferro (1465-1526) hatte bereits 1512 eine Lösung gefunden und diese später Fior mitgeteilt, ohne sie jedoch weitläufig zu veröffentlichen. Fontana fand schließlich, ohne Kenntnis von Del Ferros Entdeckung, am 12. Februar 1536, kurz vor Ablauf der Frist, die Lösung der kubischen Gleichung . Noch im gleichen Jahr wurde Fontana der "Verteidigungsauftrag" der Christen gegen die Türken zugetragen, bei welchem Abschusswinkel eine möglichst weite Flugbahn für Kanonenkugeln erreicht werden könne. Er bestimmte annähernd korrekt 45° als idealen Abschusswinkel und schrieb darüber das Buch "Die neue Wissenschaft" ("La nova sciencia"). Außerdem beschäftigte er sich unter anderem noch mit der Lösung eines zahlen-theoretischen Extremwertproblems, welche ihm ohne Kenntnis der Infinitesimalrechnung gelang, der Bestimmung des Volumens eines Tetraeders bei bekannten Kantenlängen, G.F. Malfatis Dreiecksproblem und dem Pascalschen Dreieck. Ferner übersetze er klassische Werke von Euklid und Archimedes auf Latein und Italienisch (Venedig, 1543). Während seine Arbeit über die Ballistik und das Kriegswesen für die folgenden annähernd 300 Jahre maßgebend war, verwarf sich Fontana über die Lösung der kubischen Gleichung mit

80. Ÿ¸£Å»¸®¾Æ The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://woosuk.woosuk.ac.kr/~mathedu/mathematics5/mathe087.htm

ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¼öÇÐÀÚ¡¤¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ. º»¸íÀº ´ÏÄݶó ÆùŸ³ª(Nicola Fontana). ¾î¸° ½Àý¿¡ ÇÁ¶û½º º´»çÀÇ Ä®·Î Çô¿¡ ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔ°í ¸»´õµëÀÌ°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÚ±â À̸§À» tartaglia(¸»´õµëÀÌ)¶ó ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¼øÀüÈ÷ µ¶ÇÐÀ¸·Î ¼öÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÏ¿© ¹Ð¶ó³ëÀÇ °Å¸®¿¡ ¡®¼öÇÐ ÄÁ¼³ÅÏÆ®¡¯ Á¡Æ÷¸¦ ¿­°í Æ÷¼ú»ç(øßâúÞÔ)¡¤»óÀΡ¤Ä§¸ô¼± Àξç¾÷ÀÚ µî ¿Â°® ¹æ¸éÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¼öÇлóÀÇ Áú¹®À» Ç®¾î ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°è¸¦ À̾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀúÀÛ ¡¶½Å°úÇÐ(ãæΡùÊ)¡·(1536) ¡¶°¡Áö°¡Áö ¹®Á¦¿Í ¹ß°ß¡·(46) ¡¶¼ö(â¦)¿Í °èø(ͪö´)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀϹݷУº General trattato di numeri e misure¡·(3±Ç, 56¡­60)Àº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±×¿Í °°Àº Àâ´ÙÇÑ ¹®Á¦ ¹× ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çعý(ú°Ûö)À¸·Î½á ¿«¾îÁø °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. »ïÂ÷¹æÁ¤½ÄÀÇ ÇعýÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í Ä«¸£´Ù³ë¿Í ±× ¼±ë±Ç(à»ö¢Ïí)À» ´ÙÅõÁö¸¸, ±×ÀÇ ¹ßÇ¥°¡ Ä«¸£´Ù³ëº¸´Ù ´ÊÀº Å¿À¸·Î ±×¿¡ µÚÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

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