81. Mideast2 kama `araftuhum tahir alJaza'iri, Bakri al-`Attar, `Abd al-Hakim al-Afghani, Mahmudal-Hamzawi, Muhammad Salim al-Bukhari / ta'lif Muhammad Sa`id ibn `Abd al http://www.lib.utah.edu/spc/mid/July-00.html

RECENT BOOKS JULY- 2000 CLICK TO SEE THE NEW ARRIVALS IN JUNE IN MAY IN APRIL IN MARCH ARABIC 1. Mudhakkirat al-Hajj Muhammad Amin. by al-Husayni / i`dad wa-tasnif `Abd al-Karim al-`Umar. 2. al-Tis`iniyah / ta'lif Ahmad ibn `Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyah ; dirasat wa-tahqiq Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-`Ajlan. 1999. Description 3 v. 3. al-Jawab al-sahih li-man baddala din al-Masih / li- Abi al-`Abbas Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn `Abd al-Halim ibn Taymiyah al-Hurrani ; tahqiq wa-ta`liq `Ali ibn Hasan ibn Nasir, `Abd al-`Aziz ibn Ibrahim al-`Askar, Hamdan ibn Muhammad al-Hamdan. 1999. Description 7 v. 4. al-Badiyah bayna `araqat al-madi wa-asalat al-khadir : wa-ma tuyassiru min akhbar qaba'il `Anzah wa-Tamim, Wayam wa-Shammar / Muhammad al-Khalid al-Shar`abi al-`Unzi. 1996 Description 2 v. 5. Mudmarat al-nass wa-al-khitab : dirasah fi `alam Jabra Ibrahim Jabra al-riwa'i / Sulayman Husayn. 6. Kubar : dhikrayat mu`taqal siyasi fi sujun al-Sudan / Muhammad Sa`id al-Qaddal. (al-Qahirah: al-Sharikah al-`Alamiyah lil-Tiba`ah wa-al-Nashr), 1998. 7. `Ulama' al-Sham kama `araftuhum : Tahir al-Jaza'iri, Bakri al-`Attar, `Abd al-Hakim al-Afghani, Mahmud al-Hamzawi, Muhammad Salim al-Bukhari / ta'lif Muhammad Sa`id ibn `Abd al-Rahman al-Bani al-Hasani ; jama`ahu wa-sahhahahu wa-`allaqa `alayhi Hasan al-Samahi Suwaydan. (Dimashq : Dar al-Qadiri), 1999.

82. MeAndMyTimeline -- 786-969 CE Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph. 815 Shia revolt under ibn TubaTabs. 820 tahir establishes the rule of the tahirids in Khurasan. http://www.uzer.org/timeline/786-969.html

Home Timeline > 786-969 CE 545-632 CE 632-680 CE 680-786 CE ] [786-969 CE] [ 969-1095 CE 1095-1171 CE 1171-1245 CE 1245-1371 CE ... 1916-1990 CE Death of Hadi. Accession of Harun ur Rashid. Idrisid state set up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham. Invasion of South France. Death of Hisham in Spain; accession of al Hakam. Suppression of the revolt of the Khazars. Ninth century. The Aghlabid rule is established in North Africa. Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki. Campaigns against the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress. Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession of Amin. Civil war between Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph. Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs. Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica. Harsama killed. The Umayyads of Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia. Mamun comes to Baghdad. Tahir establishes the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan. Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.

83. Shia News | Articles: Islam | A Fairytale Of Abdullah Ibn Saba; Refuted. of Islam). AbdulQahir ibn tahir al-Baghdadi (d. 429) in his book al-FarqBain al-Firaq (Differences of the Sects). Muhammad ibn http://www.shianews.com/hi/articles/islam/0000163.php

low graphics advertisement promotion feedback ... A Fairytale of Abdullah Ibn Saba; refuted. Published on: Monday, 26 Shaba´an 1422 (12 November 2001) A Fairytale of Abdullah Ibn Saba; refuted. By Ali Payam Mosbat Author's Note: To the reader, when people write critical and objective articles without identifying themselves, such as the article bellow, it feels like I'm reading and refuting a pamphlet written by the KKK. It's spooky, and detracts greatly from the weight of any comments made. This absurd and anonymous article ABDULLAH IBN SABA; FOUNDER OF SHIISM is another ploy demonstrated by the anti-Shi’ah syndicate in order to mislead, cast confusion and discord among the Shi’ah in particular and Muslims in general. The anti-Shi’ah zealots have attempted to invert every truth about the forthright successor ship of Ali ibn abi Talib (a.s.) to accommodate their predecessor’s fundamental error, i.e. the irrational and fraudulent concept of caliphate, hence, its stepchild the misconception of (shura). A Fairytale Refuted by Facts "Oh you believe, if a transgressor comes to you with news, try to verify it, lest you inflict damage on people unwittingly; then you may consequently regret your hasty action. (ch. 49, v.6)

84. Da'irat Al-Ma`arif-i Baha'i (Baha'i Encyclopedia) - Ishraq- Aqa Sayyid Husayn Yazdi; 23, Aqa Muhammad Baqir Niraqi Naraqi, Aqa tahir; 24, Aqa IbrahimZardusht; 4049, Shuhada-yi Abarqu; 50, Iblis; 51, ibn-i Abhar, Abna http://www2.h-net.msu.edu/~bahai/arabic/vol5/dairih/1/dair1.htm

`A bdu'l-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari Da'irat al-Ma`arif-i Baha'i Vol. 1 `Abdu'l-Hamid Ishraq-Khavari, Da'irat al-Ma`arif-i Baha'i [Baha'i Encyclopedia]. Vol. 1. Digitally published, East Lansing, Mi.: H-Bahai, 2001 p. 1 p. 2 p. 3 p. 4 ... To H-Bahai Home Page Generously Supported by:

85. Lords Of The Earth While tahir was fighting for his life, Prince AlMamun, was trying to defend thenorthern The Enlightened Khazar Ya'qub ibn Layth Saffar, ilKhan of the Khazar. http://www.throneworld.com/lords/lote35/NewsFax_2.htm

Lords of the Earth Campaign Thirty-five Turn 2 (Playtest) Anno Domini 1780 – 1784 Turn 2 Published on January 23, 2001 Turn 3 Orders Due By: Wednesday, February 14 th 2001. (St. Valentine's Day) MSI Rankings ESI Rankings Troop Conversions Infantry (100 men = 1 point), Cavalry (100 men = 1 point), Siege Engineers (100 men = 1 point), Field Forts (1 forts = 1 point), Warships (1 ships = 1 point), Transports (1 ships = 1 point). Contacting the GM Ken Ditto shadowkitsune@earthlink.net Various Fees and Levies Turns No charge per turn. Rulebooks available only from Thomas Harlan , 4858 East Second St., Tucson AZ 85711-1207 v5.6 Rulebook printed , bound, and priority mailed ), $5.00 (e mailed PDF file The Treaty of Paris The Kings of England and Prussia agree to return Ild De France and Paris to France intact and unharmed. Charles VI will be immediately released. France will cede control of the regions of Brittany, Normandy, Ponthieu and Flanders. This includes control of the cities of Brest, Cherbourg and Calais. England will make a one-time payment of 350 gold to France.

86. Saudi Arabia Hotel Search Mr. Abdullah ibn tahir AlDabbagh. Dr. Falih ibn Zaid Al-Falih. Mr. Abdullahibn tahir Al-Dabbagh, Member; Mr. Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al-Huqail, Member; http://www.saudia-online.com/Shura Council.htm

Saudi Arabia Non-JavaScript Table of Contents Table Of Contents Home Page Advertising ... Consultative Council Consultative Council HOME Events Saudi Arabia ISP About Saudi Arabia ... Privacy Policy Search this site This Site The Web Home Quick Links Arabic Newspapers Arabic Radio and TV Arabic Chat Arabic Cuisine ... Shopping New Coming Soon Shop in Riyadh Shop in Jeddah Shop in Dahran Shop in Al Jubail Shop in Dammam Shop in Al Khubar Browse Community Now! New users Signup! Email login: Password: New users Signup! Council of Ministers Consultative Council MAJLIS AL SHURA (CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL) The primary function of MAJLIS Al-SHURA is to advise the King on issues of importance to the nation. Its members, appointed by the King for a four-year renewable term, represent the spectrum of Saudi society. King Fahd personally inaugurated the first session of the new Council on December 29, 1993. This council consisted of 60 members in addition to the chairman. On July 5, 1997, King Fahd decreed an increase in membership, and the council now consists of a chairman and 90 members. Chairman of the Shura Council - Bio Deputy Chairman of the Shura Council - Bio Secretary General of the Shura Council - Bio List of Shura Council Members Continuing for a Second Term ... List of Members of the Eight Shura Committees CHAIRMAN OF THE CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Uthman Ibn Jubair DOB: 1929 POB: Majma`ah EDUCATION: Degree of Islamic Law, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah.

87. The Explanation Of The ^Aqidah Of Ibn^Asakir He also learned from his uncle, alHafidh Abul-Qasim, Sharafud-Din ^Abdullah ibnMuhammad ibn Abu ^Asrun, Asma' Bint Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn tahir and her http://www.aicp.org/IslamicInformation/English/TheExplanationofTheAqidahofIbnAsa

Explanation: Bismillahir-Rahmanir Rahim means I start with the name of Allah, or my beginning is with the name of Allah. Ar-Rahman means the One Who is extremely merciful to the believers and the blasphemers in this world and to the believers exclusively in the next world. Ar-Rahim means the One Who is extremely merciful to the believers. Shaykh Fakhrud-Din Ibn ^Asakir, may Allah have mercy upon him, said: Explanation: The author is Fakhrud-Din Abu Mansur ^Abdur-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan Ibn Hibatullah Ibn ^Abdullah Ibn al-Husayn ad-Dimashqiyy, known as Ibn ^Asakir, the famous Shafi^iyy faqih (great scholar). The known faqih and historian, Abu Shamah, said: None of his paternal grandfathers was named ^Asakir even though they were well-known by this name at home. ^Asakir, possibly, is a name of some of his maternal grandfathers." He is the nephew of Abul-Qasim ^Aliyy Ibn al-Hasan Ibn Hibatullah Ibn ^Asakir, the Damascene scholar and memorizer of hadith. He was born in the year 550 AH (as he wrote with his own hand), in an honorable and grand house. He, may Allah have mercy on him, paid close attention to obtaining knowledge at a young age. He learned the knowledge of the Religion from Qutbud-Din, Mas^ud An-Naysaburiyy, whose daughter Ibn ^Asakir later married. He also learned from his uncle, al-Hafidh Abul-Qasim, Sharafud-Din ^Abdullah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Abu ^Asrun, Asma' Bint Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan Ibn Tahir and her sister, Aminah, among others.

88. Imam Ja'far Ibn Muhammad (A.S.) were asSadiq, al-Fadil and at.-tahir. He was the son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir,the Fifth Imam, and his mother was the daughter of al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn http://www.hadith.net/english/ahl-al-bayt/emam-6.htm

Ja'far ibn Muhammad as-Sadiq (Peace be Upon him) Name: Ja'far Title: as.-Sadiq. Agnomen: Abu 'Abdillah. Father's name: Muhammad al-Baqir. Mother's name: Umm Farwah. Birth: In Medina, on Monday, 17th Rabi'u 'I-awwal 83 AH. Death: Died at the age of 65, in Medina on Monday, 25th Shawwal 148 AH; poisoned by al-Mansur ad-Dawaniqi, the 'Abbasid caliph. The holyImam Ja'far as.-Sadiqwas the sixth in the succession of the twelve Apostolic Imams. His epithet was Abu 'Abdillah and his famous titles were as-Sadiq, al-Fadil and at.-Tahir. He was the son of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir, the Fifth Imam, and his mother was the daughter of al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr. Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq was brought up by his grand- father, Imam Zaynu 'I-'Abidm in Medina for twelve years and then remained under the sacred patronage of his father Imam Muhammad al-Baqir for a period of nine- teen years. Imamate: After the death of his holy father in 114 AH, he succeeded him as the Sixth Imam, and thus the sacred trust of Islamic mission and spiritual guidance was relayed down to his custody right from the Holy Prophet through the succession of the preceding Imams. Political Condition Religious Condition Teachings The versatile genius of Imam Ja'far as.-Sadiq in all branches of knowledge was acclaimed throughout the Islamic world, which attracted students from far-off places towards him till the strength of his disciples had reached four thousand. The scholars and experts in Divine Law have quoted many ahadith (traditions) from Imam Ja'far as.-Sadiq. His disciples compiled hundred of books on various branches of science and arts. Other than fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), hadith (tradition), tafslr (exegesis of the Holy Qur'an), etc., the Holy Imam also imparted mathematics and chemistry to some of his disciples. Jabir ibn Hayyan at.-Tusi, a famous scholar of mathematics, was one of the Imam's disciples who benefited from the Imam's knowledge and guidance and was able to write four hundred books on different subjects.

89. The Time Of Al-razi The Book of the Creation and History formerly ascribed to him was reallywritten in 966 by Mutahhar ibn tahir alMaqdisi (qv, next chapter). http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam15.html

History of Islamic Science 4 Based on the book Introduction to the History of Science by George Sarton (provided with photos and portraits) Edited and prepared by Prof. Hamed A. Ead These pages are edited by Prof. Hamed Abdel-reheem Ead, Professor of Chemistry at the Faculty of Science -University of Cairo, Giza, Egypt and director of the Science Heritage Center E-mail: ead@frcu.eun.eg Web site: http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/hamed2.htm Back to Islamic Alchemy The Time of Al-Mas'udi First Half of Tenth Century The overwhelming superiority of Muslim culture continued to be felt throughout the tenth century. Indeed, it was felt more strongly than over, not only the foremost men of science were Muslims, but also because cultural influences are essentially cumulative. By the beginning, or at any rate by the middle of the century, the excellence of muslim science was already so well established, even in the West, that each new arabic work benefited to some extent by the prestige pertaining to all. To be sure, other languages, such as Latin, Greek, or Hebrew were also used by scholars, but the works written in those languages contained nothing new, and in the field of science, as in any other, when one ceases to go forward, one already begins to go backward. All the new discoveries and the new thoughts were published in arabic. strangely enough, the language of the Qur'an had thus become the international vehicle of scientific progress. The development of Muslim culture was fostere in Spain by the eighth Umayyad caliph of the west, Abd al-Rahman II, the advances of Muslim science continued to take place almost extensively in the east.

90. Kashan Lustre: Tiles The two prominent figures in this development are the potters Muhammad ibn Abu Tahirand Abu Zaid, who are known through signatures to have worked together on http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Kashan2/tiles.htm

D. Kashan Lustre: D.5. Tiles: a Pre-Mongol: Tiles were not produced in great quantities before circa 1200, and large-scale tile production kicks off at basically the same moment as the new "Kashan" style of painting: it is rare to find tiles decorated in the "Monumental" or "Miniature" styles althought they do exist. However, from the turn of the C13th, much of finest work of the Kashan potters is on tiles. The two prominent figures in this development are the potters Muhammad ibn Abu Tahir and Abu Zaid, who are known through signatures to have worked together on the most important tilework projects of the pre-Mongol period. Their earliest dated joint effort is a sarcophagus in the tomb-chamber at Qumm, where the top panel is signed by Muhammad and the main frieze is signed by Abu Zaid. This work is dated 1206. At Mashhad in 1215 they undertake a much more ambitious project, cladding the walls in star and octagonal tiles surmounted by an inscription frieze, and installing two large and elaborate mihrabs, one of which is signed by Abu Zaid as well as a number of the star tiles. This is extremely high quality work, and shows that Abu Zaid produced some of the best products of the whole Kashan industry. There has been some confusion over dating this shrine, because two dates exist side by side in the inscriptions: 1215 and 1118. It is now thought that the tiling dates to the C13th, but the earlier date is included to commemorate the decoration that was replaced in 1215.

91. Biography-center - Letter I ibn Sina, wwwhistory.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Avicenna.html; ibnTahir, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Baghdadi.html; http://www.biography-center.com/i.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish I 51 biographies ibn al-Banna, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Banna.html ibn Ishaq Hunayn, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hunayn.html ibn Sina, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Avicenna.html ibn Tahir, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Al-Baghdadi.html ibn Tibbon, Jacob www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tibbon.html ibn Yusuf Ahmed, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ahmed.html Ibrahim, ibn Sinan www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ibrahim.html Ibrahim, Murad Jussuf Bey www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1518.html Ibsen, Henrik www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ibsen.htm Ickx, Jacky www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-ickjac.html Iglesia, Pablo

92. Sankore Today Courtesy of Muhammad Ubayd’lHaqq Mendes Sultan al-Hajj Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad at-Tahiribn Muhammadu Bello ibn Muhammadu Attahiru Making supplication for all http://www.sankore.org/Sankore Today.htm

Sultan al-Hajj Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad at-Tahir ibn Muhammadu Bello ibn Muhammadu Attahiru Making supplication for all the Muslims of the Umma of Muhammad, Muhammad Shareef, Directorate Sankore' Institute of Islamic African Studies SANKORE' TODAY Sultan al-Hajj Abu Bakr and the Imam Muhammad al-Amin gave written authorization for S.I.I.A.S. to translate these works into English and disseminate these works among the Muslims of the United States. To date S.I.I.A.S. has collected 1500 Arabic manuscripts and 48 Ajami manuscripts (Fulbe', Hausa, Wolof and Mande'). Of these, more than 50 have been translated and published by the institute. Classes utilizing the works published by the institute have been established in the cities of Houston, Tuskegee, Hartford, Los Angeles, San Diego, Oakland, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia . Presently in two correctional institutions in California the S.I.I.A.S. curriculum is being taught to some 400 Muslim inmates. HOME ABOUT SANKORE' SANKORE' TODAY SANKORE' ENCYCLOPEDIA

93. Saudi Arabia, List Of Members Of Shura Council Committees As Of May, 2000 Zebin AlHarbi; Mr. Faraaj ibn Shaker Al-Asbali; Mr. Abdullah ibn TahirAl-Dabbagh. Economic Affairs Committee Dr. Muhammad ibn Hamed http://www.saudiembassy.net/gov_profile/shura00.html

LIST OF MEMBERS OF SHURA COUNCIL COMMITTEES as approved May 28, 2000 The ninety members of the second term (1997-2001) of the Consultative Council ( Majis Al-Shura ) were divided into eleven committees on June 28, 1999. These committees were re-formed on May 28, 2000 for the fourth year of the second term, as follows. Muhammad Ibn Ibrahim Ibn Othman Ibn Jubair remains overall Chairman, with Abdullah Ibn Omar Ibn Muhammad Ibn Nasif as Deputy. Organization and Administration Committee: Dr. Abd Al-Aziz Al-Ali Al-Salih Al-Nu'aim, Chairman Dr. Ziyad Ibn Abd Al-Rahman Al-Sudairi, Deputy Dr. Badr Ibn Hamoud Al-Amaj Dr. Hussein Muhammad Ali Al-Alaiwi Mr. Othman Ibn Ibrahim Al-Ahmed Dr. Hamed Abdulillah Al-Ajlan Dr. Abdulrahman Ibn Abdullah Abar Dr. Yousuf Ibn Ibrahim Al-Salloum Education Committee: Dr. Saeed Ibn Hamed Ibn Shadad Al-Hajeri, Chairman Dr. Tami Ibn Hudeif Al-Begmi, Deputy Dr. Abdulrahman Ibn Muhammad Abu Ammah Dr. Hashim Abduh Hashim Dr. Zaid Ibn Abdulmohsen Al Hussein Dr. Abd Al-Rahman Salih Al-Shubaili

94. Glossary References Muntahil Arab, Arabic Persian dictionary - Lahore 1925. Q’amoos, Abu-t-TahirMuhammad ibn Yaqub Al-Q’amoos. Raghib, See Al-Mufrad’at fi Ghar’aib-al-Quran. http://www.toluislam.com/pub_online/exposition/reference.htm

Back to Home Page WORKS OF SPECIAL REFERENCE The Holy Quran Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez. Idara-e-Tolu-e-Islam 1960. Islam-A Challenge to Religion Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez. Idara-e-Tolu-e-Islam 1982. Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez. Idara-e-Tolu-e-Islam 1976 Tabweeb-ul-Quran 3 Volumes Allama Ghulam Ahmad Parwez. Idara-e-Tolu-e-Islam 1976 OTHER WORKS OF REFERENCE Ali Ibn-e-Isa ar-Ramani (D 384 H) Nawab Siddique Hasan Khan. A magazine in which the basic qualities of the roots are explained Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Baidawi (D 685 H) Encyclopaedia of Islam Imam Ibn-e-Qutaiba (D 277 H) Ibn-e-Dureed (D 321 H) Lane William Edward Lane, Arabic- English Lexicon - London. Ahmad bin Mustafa al-Bafedi Manar Muhammad Rashid Rida (Tafseer-al-Manar) Cairo 1367-72 H. Abdul Qasim Hussain Ar-Raghib (D 503 H) Ibn-e-Faris - Six Volumes - printed in Egypt in 1952. Moheet-ul-Moheet Patras Bustani - Two Volumes - Beirut 1870. Muntahil Arab Arabic - Persian dictionary - Lahore 1925. Raghib Tafseer Al-Minar Allama Muhammad Abdohu.

95. MANUSCRIPTS IN MICROFORMAT: I-M catalog worldcat using the library electronic resources libraries, collections subjects Middle East MANUSCRIPTS IN MICROFORMAT IM Please note that the manuscripts listed here are available for use only at the University of Chicago http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/mideast/ManuWebI-M.html

catalog worldcat using the library electronic resources ... Middle East MANUSCRIPTS IN MICROFORMAT: I-M Return to: Middle East This page was last generated on 01 October 1999 at 6:15 PM CDT by mideast-library@uchicago.edu The URL of this page is: http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/su/mideast/ManuWebI-M.html

96. The Cypress Of Kashmar And Zoroaster As it was not possible for him to make the journey to Khurasan, he wrote to Tahiribn 'Abdullah, giving him orders to cut it down, load the pieces of its trunk http://www.vohuman.org/Library/The Cypress of Kashmar and Zoroaster.htm

A Zoroastrian Educational Institute Vohuman.Org Home Spring 2003 Journal The Cypress of Kashmar and Zoroaster From "Zoroastrian Studies" The Iranian Religion and Various Monographs Series: Library Author: Jackson, Abraham Subtopics: Reference: Related Articles: Related Links: In my Zoroaster (p. 163-164, 217) allusion was made several times to the story told by Firdausi, and referred to likewise by other Persian and Arabic writers, to the effect that Zoroaster (or else his patron King Gushtasp, i.e. Vishtaspa) had planted a wonderful cypress-tree before the door of the fire-temple at Kashmar, in the district of Turshiz, Khurasan, and recorded upon its trunk that 'Gushtasp had accepted the Good Religion. In addition to the Firdausi and other references, (cf. Zor. p. 80, n. I) some further memoranda may now be included concerning the cypress of Kashmar, owing to the fact that this far-famed tree is of special significance in connection with Zoroaster. Simply for convenience of reference I first include here a rendering of the Firdausi passage regarding the cypress, to which I had previously referred

97. 803. 2001. The Encyclopedia Of World History Situated in Khurasan, this semiindependent dynasty was founded by the general Tahiribn al-Husayn (d. 822), who gained the governorship of the province as a http://www.bartleby.com/67/294.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference The Encyclopedia of World History d. The Abbasid Caliphate and Its Breakup PREVIOUS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Encyclopedia of World History. Fall of the Barmakid family . The caliph Harun al-Rashid ended the family's role as chief administrators when the Barmakids became too powerful. One of them was killed and the rest imprisoned. Their demise underscored the vulnerability of those who served the caliph at the highest levels. The first public hospital in the Islamic world was founded in Baghdad. Similar institutions, usually supported by endowed property, appeared in other major cities and served as teaching centers for medical students.

98. DINASTIAS  MUSULMANAS Translate this page Durante los siguientes cuatro años hubo una guerra fratricida hasta que TahirIbn Husain, general de al-Mamún, derrotó a los ejércitos de al-Amín y le http://www.organizacionislam.org.ar/dinastia.htm

LAS DINASTIAS DE MUSULMANAS DEL ASIA CENTRAL: tahiríes, saffaríes, samaníes, gaznavíes, buÿíes y guríes Veamos que dijo Harún al confiar la administración a Yahia y poder así dedicarse full time a sus orgías y degeneramientos: «Te invisto con el dominio sobre mis súbditos. Gobiérnalos como te plazca; destituye a quien quieras; nombra a quien quieras; conduce todos los asuntos como mejor te parezca» ; y para ratificar sus palabras entregó a Yahia su anillo (cfr. E.H. Palmer: The Caliph Haroun Alrasdchid , Nueva York, 1944, pág. 35; Nabia Abbott: Two Queens of Baghdad , University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1946, pág. 113). La razón de la primacía persa Los nuevos grupos sociales surgidos a la sombra del poder abbasí estaban encabezados por los llamados secretarios ( katib , pl. Kuttâb ) de las cancillerías califales (divanes) que eran persas en su gran mayoría. Con el pasar del tiempo, los persas no sólo reemplazaron a los árabes en los puestos claves de la administración califal sino que se convirtieron en los intelectuales y científicos de mayor renombre y prestigio. Este fenómeno fue analizado y explicado por el gran historiador y sociólogo tunecino Ibn Jaldún (1332-1406): (Ibn Jaldún: Introducción a la historia universal. Al-Muqaddimah

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