1. James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester. SYLVESTER, James Joseph, English author, born in London, England, 3 September, 1814. http://www.famousamericans.net/jamesjosephsylvester

You are in: Museum of History Hall of North and South Americans James Joseph Sylvester Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson and John Fiske. 6 vols. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 was the "most-quoted" biographical source for 19th and early 20th America. Appleton's, due to its age, reflects the bias and prejudice of late 19th Century America. It is also estimated that 100 to 200 of the 35,000 biographies are entirely fictitious. Additionally, the OCR technology used to transfer the text to the web was, at best, only a 99% accurate. We rely on volunteers to edit and update these historic biographies on a continual basis. If you are interested in editing and updating this biography please Click Here Virtual American Biographies Over 30,000 personalities with thousands of 19th Century illustrations, signatures, and exceptional life stories. Virtualology.com welcomes editing and additions to the biographies. To become this site's editor or a contributor Click Here or e-mail Virtualology here A B C ... Z James Joseph Sylvester TM Start your search on James Joseph Sylvester Other educational search engines: Ask Jeeves for Kids Britannica.com

2. Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester. James Joseph Sylvester attended two primary schools in London,then his secondary schooling was at the Royal Institution in Liverpool. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sylvester.html

James Joseph Sylvester Born: 3 Sept 1814 in London, England Died: 15 March 1897 in London, England Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index James Joseph Sylvester attended two primary schools in London, then his secondary schooling was at the Royal Institution in Liverpool. In 1833 he became a student at St John's College, Cambridge. Two other famous mathematicians took the tripos examination in the same year as Sylvester, namely Duncan Gregory and George Green . Sylvester came second, Green who was 20 years older than the other two came fourth with Duncan Gregory fifth. (The mathematician who came first did little work of importance after graduating: this was not at uncommon in the 'speed test' which the tripos was at that time.) At this time it was necessary for a student to sign a religious oath to the Church of England before graduating and Sylvester, being Jewish, refused to take the oath necessary so could not graduate. For the same reason he was not eligible for a Smith's prize nor for a Fellowship. From 1838 Sylvester taught physics for three years at the University of London, one of the few places which did not bar him because of his religion. His former teacher

3. James Joseph Sylvester (in MARION) James Joseph sylvester james joseph Sylvester life and work in letters / Karen Hunger Parshall. Parshall, Karen Hunger, 1955 Oxford Clarendon, 1998. Sylvester, James Joseph, 1814-1897 Correspondence. http://library.ncsu.edu/marion/AJV-6829

James Joseph Sylvester Title: James Joseph Sylvester : life and work in letters / Karen Hunger Parshall. Author: Parshall, Karen Hunger, 1955- Published: Oxford : Clarendon, 1998. Subject: Sylvester, James Joseph, 1814-1897 Correspondence. Mathematicians Great Britain Correspondence. Material: xv, 321 p., 1 facsim, 1 port ; 25 cm. Note: Includes bibliographical references (p.286-312) and index. LC Card no: ISBN: System ID no: AJV-6829 Holdings: LOCATION: DH Hill Library CALL NUMBER: QA29.S95 P37 1998 c.1 Not CheckedOut If you have a valid library card, you may place a hold on this title for pickup at the library. New searches NCSU catalog ( Help Author Title Subject ... Other numbers U.S. Government Documents ( Help Author Title Subject ... Other numbers Local (TRLN) libraries Duke NCCU NCSU UNC ... Comments and Questions DRAWeb version 1.0

4. James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester. Sylvester was a professor of mathematics at Johns HopkinsUniversity and one of the notable mathematicians of the nineteenth century. http://grail.cba.csuohio.edu/~somos/sylvester.html

James Joseph Sylvester Sylvester was a professor of mathematics at Johns Hopkins University and one of the notable mathematicians of the nineteenth century. His writing style was eloquent as evidenced by the following quote from pages 77-78 of The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester, volume III, pages 72-87, Address on Commemoration Day at Johns Hopkins University 22 February, 1877. I remember, too, how, in like manner, when a very young professor, fresh from the University of Cambridge, in the act of teaching a private pupil the simpler parts of Algebra, I discovered the principle now generally adopted into the higher text books, which goes by the name of the "Dialytic Method of Elimination." So much for the reaction of the student on the teacher. May the time never come when the two offices of teaching and researching shall be sundered in this University! So long as man remains a gregarious and sociable being, he cannot cut himself off from the gratification of the instinct of imparting what he is learning, of propagating through others the ideas and impressions seething in his own brain, without stunting and atrophying his moral nature and drying up the surest sources of his future intellectual replenishment. Back to my home page Last Updated Fri Apr 19 16:35 EDT 2002 Michael Somos WWW URL: "http://grail.cba.csuohio.edu/~somos/"

5. James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester 18141897 James Sylvester attended two primaryschools in London, then his secondary schooling was at the http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Sr.html

James Joseph Sylvester James Sylvester attended two primary schools in London, then his secondary schooling was at the Royal Institution in Liverpool. In 1833, he became a student at St. John's College, Cambridge. At this time it was necessary for a student to sign a religious oath to the Church of England before graduating. Sylvester, being Jewish, refused to take the oath, so could not graduate. From 1838 Sylvester taught physics for 3 years at the University of London, one of the few places which did not bar him because of his religion. His former teacher De Morgan was one of his colleagues. At the age of 27 he was appointed to a chair in the University of Virginia but he resigned after a few months. A student who had been reading a newspaper in one of Sylvester's lectures insulted him and Sylvester struck him with a sword stick. The student collapsed in shock and Sylvester thought that he had killed him. He fled to New York boarding the first available ship back to England. On his return Sylvester worked as an actuary, lawyer, and math tutor. His pupils included Florence Nightingale. By good fortune, Cayley was also a lawyer. The two of them discussed mathematics as they walked around the courts, and they became life long friends. Sylvester tried hard to return to being a professional mathematician, and eventually he became professor of mathematics at Woolwich. Sylvester did important work on matrix theory. In 1851 he discovered the discriminant of a cubic equation and first used the name "discriminant" for such expressions of quadratic equations and those of higher order. He used matrix theory to study higher dimensional geometry. He also contributed to the creation of the theory of elementary divisors of lambda matrices.

6. OUP USA: ToC: James Joseph Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester Life and Work in Letters Karen Hunger ParshallCONTENTS. 1. Negotiating 'the world's slippery path' 2. Laying http://www.oup-usa.org/toc/tc_0198503911.html

James Joseph Sylvester Life and Work in Letters Karen Hunger Parshall CONTENTS 1. Negotiating 'the world's slippery path' 2. Laying the foundation of a theory of invariants 3. Battling the authorities and the muses 4. Ending and beginning a career 5. 'Moulding the mathematical education of 55 million' Americans 6. Returning home General Catalog Information Publication dates and prices are subject to change without notice. Prices are stated in US Dollars and valid only for sales transacted through the US website. Please note: some publications for sale at this website may not be available for purchase outside of the US. This page last updated Thursday, 13-Mar-2003 15:33:34 EST Please send comments or suggestions about this server to webmaster@oup-usa.org

7. Sylvester James Joseph Sylvester was born on 3 September 1814 into a Jewishfamily in London. After his early study at boarding schools in http://www.math.virginia.edu/MathHistory/sylvester.htm

Dissatisfied with his teaching duties in the chair of natural philosophy, Sylvester left England for Charlottesville in 1841. In November of that year, he assumed the University’s professorship of mathematics, a post left vacant at Charles Bonnycastle's death. Although anti-Semitic articles in Richmond newspapers preceded his arrival, Sylvester was greeted warmly by the University community [2]. His contentment at the university was short-lived, however. Unruly students in his courses and the faculty’s unwillingness to exact the punishment demanded by Sylvester for one Mr. Ballard caused his resignation from the University, effective in March 1842. (Sylvester insisted upon expulsion and the faculty would only support a reprimand, given the recent history of student unrest on the Grounds.) "Such were the accidents that accompanied the avoidable loss to the University of Virginia of one of the most extraordinary mathematicians of modern times" [1, 77]. After trying unsuccessfully to secure positions at Columbia, Harvard, and elsewhere in the United States, Sylvester returned to London eventually to became an actuary and secretary at Equity and Law Life Assurance Company for ten years beginning in 1845. During this period, he met Arthur Cayley, who would become a mathematical catalyst and lifelong friend. By 1850, Sylvester had "exploded onto the mathematical scene, reaching new heights of productivity and creativity" [2, 66]. In 1850 and 1851, drawing from his prior work on determinants and on the theory of forms, he synthesized in a series of twenty papers his ideas and the results of others into what would later be recognized as invariant theory. He spent the rest of his actuarial career further developing this theory with Cayley.

8. Sylvester Translate this page sylvester james joseph anglais, 1814-1897 Avocat et musicologue averti,ami de Cayley, il se consacrera aux mathématiques à l'université http://www.sciences-en-ligne.com/momo/chronomath/chrono1/Sylvester.html

SYLVESTER James Joseph anglais, 1814-1897 Avocat et musicologue averti, ami de Cayley Ses travaux, en collaboration avec Cayley On lui doit (1850) le terme de matrice et Opérations sur les matrices : Villarceau Wantzel

9. James Joseph Sylvester james joseph sylvester nasceu no dia 3 de setembro de 1814 em Londres, Inglaterra. http://www.brasil.terravista.pt/magoito/1866/Historia/sylvester.htm

James Joseph Sylvester M matriz Arthur Cayley (1821 + 74 = 1895), com o qual desenvolveu a das matrizes E A De Morgan

10. Sylvester Biography of james J sylvester (18141897) james joseph sylvester. Born 3 Sept 1814 in London, England http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Sylvester.html

James Joseph Sylvester Born: 3 Sept 1814 in London, England Died: 15 March 1897 in London, England Click the picture above to see three larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index James Joseph Sylvester attended two primary schools in London, then his secondary schooling was at the Royal Institution in Liverpool. In 1833 he became a student at St John's College, Cambridge. Two other famous mathematicians took the tripos examination in the same year as Sylvester, namely Duncan Gregory and George Green . Sylvester came second, Green who was 20 years older than the other two came fourth with Duncan Gregory fifth. (The mathematician who came first did little work of importance after graduating: this was not at uncommon in the 'speed test' which the tripos was at that time.) At this time it was necessary for a student to sign a religious oath to the Church of England before graduating and Sylvester, being Jewish, refused to take the oath necessary so could not graduate. For the same reason he was not eligible for a Smith's prize nor for a Fellowship. From 1838 Sylvester taught physics for three years at the University of London, one of the few places which did not bar him because of his religion. His former teacher

11. References For Sylvester Books HF Baker (ed), The Collected Mathematical Papers of james joseph sylvester,4 vols, (Cambridge, 19041912). james joseph sylvester LL.D., FRS, Amer. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Sylvester.html

References for James J Sylvester Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Books: H F Baker (ed), The Collected Mathematical Papers of James Joseph Sylvester , 4 vols, (Cambridge, 1904-1912). K H Parshall and D E Rowe, The emergence of the American mathematical research community, 1876-1900 : J J Sylvester, Felix Klein, and E H Moore (Providence, 1994). Articles: G E Andrews, J J Sylvester, Johns Hopkins and partitions, in A century of mathematics in America I (Providence, RI, 1988), 21-40. R C Archibald, Material concerning James Joseph Sylvester, in Studies and Essays in the History of Science and Learning Offered in Homage to George Sarton on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday (New York, 1947), 209-217. A Cayley, Scientific Worthies XXV : James Joseph Sylvester, Nature L S Feuer, Sylvester in Virginia, The Mathematical Intelligencer G B Halsted, Biography. James Joseph Sylvester A.M., LL.D., F.R.S., D.C.L., Amer. Math. Monthly G B Halsted, Biography. James Joseph Sylvester LL.D., F.R.S.

12. Sylvester, James Joseph. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. sylvester, james joseph.1814–97, English mathematician. He studied at Cambridge http://www.bartleby.com/65/sy/SylvestJ.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Sylvester, James Joseph

13. 56899. Sylvester, James Joseph. The Columbia World Of Quotations. 1996 ATTRIBUTION james joseph sylvester (1814–1897), British mathematician,poet. Commemmoration day address, 1877, at John Hopkins University. http://www.bartleby.com/66/99/56899.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Quotations The Columbia World of Quotations PREVIOUS ... AUTHOR INDEX The Columbia World of Quotations. NUMBER: QUOTATION: ATTRIBUTION: CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD AUTHOR INDEX PREVIOUS ... NEXT Search Amazon: Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore Welcome Press Advertising ... Bartleby.com

14. Sylvester, James Joseph sylvester, james joseph 181497, English mathematician. He studied sylvester,james joseph. 1814-97, English mathematician. He studied http://www.slider.com/enc/51000/Sylvester_James_Joseph.htm

needmoretools.com Home Encyclopeadia S Sup - Swe ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Sylvester, James Joseph 1814-97, English mathematician. He studied at Cambridge for four years after 1831, but because degrees were limited to members of the Church of England and he was a Jew, he was not granted a degree until 1872. He was professor of mathematics at the Univ. of Virginia (1841) and at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, England (1855-70). Returning to the United States in 1876, he became the first professor of mathematics at Johns Hopkins, where in 1878 he founded the American Journal of Mathematics. He was Savilian professor of geometry at Oxford (1883-94). He is known especially for his work on algebraic invariants, matrices, determinants, and the theory of numbers, much of his most important work being done in collaboration with Arthur Cayley. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

15. Sylvester, James Joseph. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. sylvester, james joseph. 181497, English mathematician. http://www.bartelby.com/65/sy/SylvestJ.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Sylvester, James Joseph

16. Sylvester, James Joseph sylvester, james joseph (18141897). English mathematician who wasone of the discoverers of the theory of algebraic invariants. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Sylvester/1.ht

17. The Mathematical Legacy Of James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897) (at UCB) Calendar. The mathematical legacy of james joseph sylvester (18141897)(at UCB). Karen H. Parshall (MSRI-Evans Talk) (Scheduled Workshop Talk). http://www.msri.org/calendar/talks/TalkInfo/1643/show_talk

Calendar The mathematical legacy of James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897) (at UCB) Karen H. Parshall (MSRI-Evans Talk) (Scheduled Workshop Talk) Monday, Apr 21, 2003 4:10 pm to 5:10 pm at Evans Hall, UC Berkeley LOCATION: UC Berkeley, Evans Hall, Room 60. This talk will explore the main mathematical contributions of the nineteenth-century, British mathematician, James Joseph Sylvester. In particular, it will place his work in invariant theory, the theory of forms, number theory, combinatorics, and matrix theory in the context of his life and of mathematics during the Victorian era. Parent Workshop: The History of Algebra in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries MSRI Home Page Search the MSRI Website Subject and Title Index ... webmaster@msri.org

18. ½Çº£½ºÅÍ sylvester, james joseph (1814.9.3~1897.3.15). http://woosuk.woosuk.ac.kr/~mathedu/mathematics5/mathe056.htm

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19. OUP USA: James Joseph Sylvester Mathematics or Browse by Subject $125.00 (04) 0198503911 Add to My Basket 1998 InStock S H Standard Table of Contents, james joseph sylvester Life and Work in http://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0198503911.html

Mathematics or Browse by Subject In Stock Standard Table of Contents James Joseph Sylvester Life and Work in Letters KAREN HUNGER PARSHALL, University of Virginia In the folklore of mathematics, James Joseph Sylvester is the eccentric, hot-tempered, sword-cane-wielding British Jew who, together with the taciturn Arthur Cayley, developed a theory of invariants that then died spectacularly in the 1890s as a result of groundbreaking, `modern' techniques. This has some grounding in fact but owes much to fiction. Here, historian Karen Hunger Parshall draws on over 140 letters from Sylvester's correspondence to paint a truer picture of this leading figure. Author is a world-class historian of mathematics Detailed commentaryboth mathematical and historical 344 pp.; 2 halftones; 0-19-850391-1 Publication dates and prices are subject to change without notice. Prices are stated in US Dollars and valid only for sales transacted through the US website. Please note: some publications for sale at this website may not be available for purchase outside of the US. This page last updated Sunday, 30-Mar-2003 04:34:02 EST

20. Read This: James Joseph Sylvester: Life And Work In Letters Read This! The MAA Online book review column review of james joseph SylvesterLife and Work in Letters, by Karen Hunger Parshall. Read This! http://www.maa.org/reviews/jjs.html

Read This! The MAA Online book review column James Joseph Sylvester: Life and Work in Letters by Karen Hunger Parshall Reviewed by June Barrow-Green By comparison with his contemporaries, James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897), one of the dominant figures of nineteenth-century British mathematics, had an unconventional career. He twice crossed the Atlantic in pursuit of academic employment, he held chairs in London, Woolwich and Oxford, and for more than a decade he was engaged in the practice of law. But while Sylvester may have spent many years physically separated from the mainstream of British and European mathematics, his letter-writing ensured that he remained very much in touch with its developments. Sylvester, like many Victorian mathematicians, was a prolific correspondentalthough not in quite the same league as Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) who wrote more than 98,000 letters in the last 37 years of his life! As Karen Hunger Parshall shows, Sylvester's correspondence makes for informative reading. From a collection of some 1200 letters of Sylvester and his circle Parshall has selected 140 "to cover Sylvester's life and work as completely and as substantively as the imperfect historical record allows." [p.viii] Starting with Sylvester's application for the chair of Natural Philosophy at University College London (UCL) in 1837, and ending with a letter to the Editor of

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