21. History 935 B.C. philosophy. . Author References Ibrahim, ibn sinan ibn thabitibn Qurra http//www.cwi.nl/~keesh/Iran/Maths/qurra.htm. Mac http://faculty.oxy.edu/jquinn/home/Math490/Timeline/935BC.html

935 B.C. At the age of twenty-seven, Ibrahim ibn Sinan, was the only known mathematician in the year 935 BC. He was born in the city of Baghdad in 908 BC, where he also died at the age of thirty-eight. Ibrahim ibn Sinan’s interests were in geometry, especially tangents to circles, astronomy, and mathematical philosophy. He also wrote several books on geometry, including On Drawing the Three Conic Sections , which explains the constructions of the ellipse, hyperbola, and parabola. By studying the geometry of the shadows of the sun, Sinan tried to describe what he thought was the motion of the sun. The most famous work of Ibrahim ibn Sinan was the quadrature of the parabola. From this problem, Sinan developed a method of integration that was more general than the previously defined technique by Archimedes. His book, On the Measurement of the Parabola , introduces a theorem that states that the area of a segment of a parabola is four-thirds times the area of the triangle inscribed in that parabola. Ibrahim ibn Sinan translated many Greek mathematical and philosophical works. Because of his work in mathematical philosophy, he has been labeled the "foremost Arab mathematician to treat mathematical philosophy." Author References: Ibrahim, ibn Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra

22. Encyclopædia Britannica Abu Said sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra University of St.Andrews Brief introductionto the life and works of this Iraqi mathematician known for writings in http://search.britannica.com/search?query=ibn battutah&fuzzy=N&ct=igv&start=6&sh

23. Encyclopædia Britannica Ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra University of St.Andrews, Scotland Biographicalsketch of this tenthcentury mathematician and astronomer from Baghdad http://search.britannica.com/search?query=Ibn Battutah

24. Arabic Numerals Ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra (908946) who introduced a methodof integration in studying the quadrature of the parabola. http://www.arabicnumerals.cwc.net/

By M Erhayiem The IBM World Book Encyclopaedia raises the question as how the Arabic Numerals originated (!?) as appeared in an article contributed by Nadine L. Verderber, Ph.D., Prof. of Mathematics, Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville. The article states, as such, "Scholars do not know how Arabic numerals originated." "The Hindus developed the zero sometime after A.D. 600." The World Book Multimedia Encyclopaedia has largely ignored the work of the Scientists during the Islamic and the Arabic medieval era. The contributions of the Muslims and Arabs in the field of Mathematics were very significant. The great Harvard historian of science, Professor George Sarton wrote in his monumental Introduction to the History of Science[4]: "From the second half of the 8th to the end of the 11th century, Arabic was the scientific, the progressive language of mankind... When the West was sufficiently mature to feel the need of deeper knowledge, it turned its attention, first of all, not to the Greek sources, but to the Arabic ones." O'Connor and Robertson[2] published various articles about the contribution of those forgotten brilliance. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801-873 A.D.), a Philosopher and Mathematician, who wrote many works on arithmetic, including: the numbers, relative quantities, measuring proportion and time, and numerical procedures. He also wrote on space and time.

25. The Sabians Of Harran mode of dress was wearing of short gowns and who had long hair with side bands (ringlets)like the long hair of Qurrah, the grandfather of sinan ibn thabit. http://www.geocities.com/mandaeans/Sabians6.html

ASUTA The Journal for the Study and Research into the Mandaean Culture, Religion, and Language. Volume 5 Special Issue Online edition Sabians, Sabaeans, or Sabeans Sabaeans of Harran The city of Harran was founded around 2000 BC as a merchant outpost of Ur, situated on the major trade route across northern Mesopotamia . The name comes from the Sumerian and Akkadian "Harran-U", meaning "journey", "caravan", or "crossroad" Figure #8 Harran For centuries it was a prominent Assyrian city, known for its Temple of Sin, the Moon God Figure #10 Harran Figure #9 Harran The theology of the Harranians can be divided into three periods. The first is the Assyrian-Babylonian period from about 2000 BC up to the beginning of the Christian era. During this time Sin was the supreme deity. The second period can be noted as being from the beginning of the Christian era to the Islamic period. During this time the Harranians still clung to their belief in Sin and appear to have expanded into various sects. The third period begins in the 10th century AD. This time period gives us a wealth of information on the Harranians. Not only do the Harranians retain Sin, but also they now claim to have been descended of Abraham and note Adam among their ancestors. The Assyrian Babylonian Period The religion of the ancient Mesopotamian people left its mark on the entire Middle East. The literature, cosmogony and rituals influenced the major religious ideas today of Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition. Archaeologists are reconstructing the religious world of Mesopotamia through the ancient these ancient temples, ziggurats, and the cuneiform writings of hymns, myths, lamentations, and incantations.

26. Mathem_abbrev Severi, Francesco Siacci, Francesco Sierpinski, Waclaw Siguenza, Carlos Sijzi,Abu al Simplicius, Simplicius Simson, Robert sinan ibn thabit Smale, Stephen http://www.pbcc.cc.fl.us/faculty/domnitcj/mgf1107/mathrep1.htm

Mathematician Report Index Below is a list of mathematicians. You may choose from this list or report on a mathematician not listed here. In either case, you must discuss with me the mathematician you have chosen prior to starting your report. No two students may write a report on the same mathematician. I would advise you to go to the library before choosing your topic as there might not be much information on the mathematician you have chosen. Also, you should determine the topic early in the term so that you can "lock-in" your report topic!! The report must include: 1. The name of the mathematician. 2. The years the mathematician was alive. 3. A biography. 4. The mathematician's major contribution(s) to mathematics and an explanation of the importance. 5. A historical perspective during the time the mathematician was alive. Some suggestions on the historical perspective might be: (a) Any wars etc. (b) Scientific breakthroughs of the time (c) Major discoveries of the time (d) How did this mathematician change history etc.

27. [Peace Suitors At Tokyo] Damage By The Gulf War 5 Military Hospitals hit in Farahidi in Basra; Army Aviation in Kut;sinan ibn thabit, Zubair in Basra, Farazdaz in Amara. Destroyed http://archive.jca.apc.org/peace-st/iwct/iwct-bd.html

28. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians A list of all of the important mathematicians working in a given century.Category Science Math Mathematicians Directories...... c. 897, dc 922) *SB 900. Sridhara (c. 900); Ahmad ibn Yusuf (fl. c. 900905)*SB; Ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit ibn Qurra (909-946) *SB; Manjula (c. 930); http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

29. Islam Set - Responsibility Of Doctors As Viewed By Jurists AlUlama bi Akhbar AlHukama , 130, by Imam al Qifti, it was stated that Al-Muqtadirthe Abbasid Caliph, ordered his physician sinan ibn thabit Ibn Qurra Al http://www.islamset.com/bioethics/vision/dr_mstantawi1.html

Home Islamic Bioethics Vision of some Medical Practices Medical Jurisprudence Third Symposium on "The Islamic Vision of Some Medical Practices" Held from 18-21 April, 1987 A.D. RESPONSIBILITY OF DOCTORS AS VIEWED BY JURISTS His Eminence Dr. Muhammad Sayed Tantawi Mufti of Egypt 1. Responsibilities vary in importance and gravity according to impacts and results. It is indisputable that the responsibility shouldered by doctors is considered the greatest, because they are the guardians of souls and bodies of people, and because people are cured, God willing, from the most incurable and severest diseases through them. Any error or neglect on their part may lead to delay in recovery, or to ruin and death. 2. The medical profession strikes deep roots along thousands of years, as man, at any time and in any place, seeks to be cured of diseases and may sacrifice all his property in pursuit of recovery. Therefore, health is a matchless blessing whose value is not perfectly known except by those who suffer the agonies of disease. The honourable Hadith says: "There are two blessings which many people lose: (they are) Health and free time for doing good".

30. Virtual Encyclopedia Of Mathematics huygens christiaan hypatia of alexandria hypsicles of alexandria hérigone pierrehölder otto ludwig ibrahim ibn sinan ibn thabit ibn qurra ingham albert http://www.lacim.uqam.ca/~plouffe/Simon/supermath.html

Super-Index of Biographies of Mathematicians abel niels henrik abraham bar hiyya ha-nasi abraham max abu kamil shuja ibn aslam ibn muhammad ... zygmund antoni This index was automatically generated using a new tagging program written by Simon Plouffe at LaCIM

31. Hospitals In Medievel Islam public welfare activities. sinan ibn thabit Ibn Qurra an eminentphysician was the InspectorGeneral of Health. The outbreak of http://www.netmuslims.com/info/hospitals.html

Hospitals in Medieval Islam Early period Even before the anvent of Islam, Haris Ibn Kalda, ·a resident of Taif who had mastered medical science was welcomed in the court of the Persian emperor, Nausherwan, the Just. His son, Nasir Ibn Haris, earned an even greater reputation than his father as a physician and was instrumental in popularising medical science in early Islamic Arabia. Hazrat Omar, the second Caliph of Islam despatched a company of physicians along with the Arab army bound for Persia. The Omayyad Caliphate represents a period of consolidation and proper organisation of Muslim resources. The third Omayyad Caliph, Walid Ibn Abdul Malik, who took much interest in public works, founded an institute for blind and disabled persons. He established the first medical dispensary in Islam in 88 A. H. and staffed it with a number of able physicians and surgeons. Soon afterwards dozens of small dispensaries sprang up all over the vast Omayyad empire. Abbasids The maintenance of efficiency and high standards in the medical profession was also looked after. As early as the days of Mamun and Mutasim, pharmacists- had to pass a sort of proficiency test, before starting their practice.

32. MEDICINE AND MEDICAL EDUCATION IN ISLAMIC HISTORY Thereupon he ordered his chief physician, sinan ibn thabit bin Qurrahto examine all those who practiced the art of healing. In http://members.tripod.com/PPIM/page451.htm

33. ISLAMIC MEDICINE and 24 consultants attending its professional activities, An Abbasid minister,Ali ibn Isa, requested the court physician, sinan ibn thabit, to organize http://islam-usa.com/im4.html

ISLAMIC MEDICINE (Edited by Shahid Athar , M. D.) Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its times Ibrahim B. Syed SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who is ranked number one by Michael Hart', a Jewish scholar, in his book The 100: The Most Influential Persons in History , was able to unite the Arab tribes who had been tom by revenge, rivalry, and internal fights, and produced a strong nation acquired and ruled simultaneously, the two known empires at that time, namely the Persian and Byzantine Empires. The Islamic Empire extended from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the borders of China on the East. Only 80 years after the death of their Prophet, the Muslims crossed to Europe to rule Spain for more than 700 years. The Muslims preserved the cultures of the conquered lands. However when the Islamic Empire became weak, most of the Islamic contributions in an and science were destroyed. The Mongols bunt Baghdad (1258 A.D.) out of barbarism, and the Spaniards demolished most of the Islamic heritage in Spain out of hatred. The aim of this paper is to prove that the Islamic Medicine was 1000 years ahead of its times. The paper covers areas such as medical education, hospitals, bacteriology, medicine, anesthesia, surgery, opthalmology, pharmacy, and psychotherapy.

34. IslamOnline - Contemporary Section Thereupon he ordered his chief physician, sinan ibn thabit Ibn Qurrahto examine all those who practiced the art of healing. In http://www.islamonline.net/english/Contemporary/2003/01/Article02.shtml

Home About Us Media Kit Contact Us ... Your Mail Search Advanced Search News Iraq Special Special Pages Islam Ask about Islam Contemporary Issues My Journey to Islam Qur'an Fatwa Fatwa Bank Ask the Scholar Live Fatwa Counseling Cyber Counselor Directories Site Directory Islamic Society Islamic Banks TV Channels ... Telephone Code Services Matrimonial Date Converter Calendar Discussion Forum ... E-Cards Newsletter Enter your E-mail Humanities Politics Economics Inter-faith Dialogue ... Society Islamic Medicine: 1,000 Years Ahead of its Time By Ibrahim B. Syed * Edited by Shahid Athar, M.D.** Arabic pharmacy INTRODUCTION Complex of Mansur Qalaun Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, who is ranked number one by Michael Hart, a Jewish scholar, in his book The 100: The Most Influential Persons in History , was able to unite the Arab tribes who had been torn by revenge, rivalry, and internal fights, and produced a strong nation acquired and ruled simultaneously, the two known empires at that time, namely the Persian and Byzantine Empires. The Islamic Empire extended from the Atlantic Ocean on the West to the borders of China on the East. Only 80 years after the death of their Prophet, the Muslims crossed to Europe to rule Spain for more than 700 years. The Muslims preserved the cultures of the conquered lands. However, when the Islamic Empire became weak, most of the Islamic contributions in science were destroyed. The Mongols burnt Baghdad (1258 A.D.) out of barbarism, and the Spaniards demolished most of the Islamic heritage in Spain out of hatred.

35. The Jew In The Medieval Islamic City Isa (d. 946) to his chief medical officer sinan ibn thabit to admit dhimmis as wellas Muslims to the great Bimaristan (hospital) of Baghdad was exceptional. http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Colleges/ARHU/Depts/History/Faculty/BCooperman/C

Home Grading and Requirements Lecture and ... Extra Credit Norman A. Stillman, "The Jew in the Medieval Islamic City" Islam is and from its earliest days on the scene of world history has been first and foremost an urban civilization, although as the late Samuel M. Stern has pointed out, "this statement . . . is somewhat devoid of meaning; for all civilizations—or let us be cautious and put it thus most civilizations are urban civilizations." (If Stern was exaggerating a bit here, it was to bring home a valid point.) Be that as it may, the Muslim Arab conquests of the seventh and early eighth centuries were followed almost immediately by a veritable wave of urbanization, the like of which the world west of India had not seen since Greco-Roman times. Western Europe would experience no such burgeoning of cities and towns for another four or five centuries. As a result of the Islamic conquests, the majority of Jews living in the world at that time came under Arab rule. During this period of urbanization, the Jews particularly in their great demographic center of Bavel, which now became Arab Iraq completed the transition that had already begun in talmudic times from an agrarian to a cosmopolitan way of life. Within the cities of the Muslim empire, Jews not only took part in creating the new and vibrant civilization that we call "medieval Islam," but also developed a flourishing Jewish culture along parallel lines. For it was during the Islamic High Middle Ages (ca. 850-1250) that the Babylonian Talmud gradually became the constitutional foundation of Diaspora Judaism, the synagogue service and the prayerbook text took on their familiar form, Jewish theology was systematized, Jewish law codified, and Hebrew language and literature enjoyed their greatest revival prior to their rebirth in modern times.

36. S Index Translate this page 566) Sijzi, Abu al (708) Simplicius, Simplicius (933) Simpson, Thomas (263*), Simson,Robert (1914) Sina, ibn (Avicenna) (438*) sinan ibn thabit (719) Sintsov http://math.ichb.ro/History/Indexes/S.html

37. S Index 566) Sijzi, Abu al (708) Simplicius, Simplicius (933) Simpson, Thomas (263*) Simson,Robert (1914) Sina, ibn (Avicenna) (438*) sinan ibn thabit (719) Sintsov http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~algebra/history/history/Indexes/S.html

38. Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit), 836-901 C.E. Founder of Statics; Astronomer; Extended concept of traditional geometry to geometrical algebra and proposed theories of nonEuclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, integral calculus and real numbers. thabit ibn Qurrah, known in the West as Thebit, is known for his work on mechanics, astronomy, pure with sons (Ibrahim and sinan), grandsons (thabit and Ibrahim) and great grandson http://www.islamvoice.com/islam/Sience/Scentists/qurra.html

THABIT IBN QURRAH (THEBIT) (836 - 901 C.E.) Thabit ibn Qurrah, known in the West as Thebit , is known for his work on mechanics, astronomy, pure mathematics and geometry. Thabit ibn Qurrah ibn Marwan al-Harrani was born in 836 C.E. at Harran (present Turkey) and died in Baghdad in 901 C.E. He joined the scientific team of the great Muslim mathematician Muhammad Ibn Musa Ibn Shakir at Baghdad, which was established by the Abbasid Caliphs. Thabit was a pioneer in extending the concept of traditional geometry to geometrical algebra and proposed theories that led to the development of non-Euclidean geometry, spherical trigonometry, integral calculus and real numbers. He used arithmetic terminology to study several aspects of conic sections (parabola and ellipse). His algorithm for computing the surface area and volume of solids is in fact what we came to know later as the integral calculus. Thabit's original work on Mechanics and Physics involves examining conditions of equilibrium of bodies, beams and levers. Some historians have recognized him as the Founder of Statics. He was among the early critics of Ptolemaic views on astronomy. He also criticized several theorems of Euclid's elements and proposed important improvements. Thabit added the ninth sphere to Ptolemic astronomy. Some early investigators criticized his work on 'Trepidation of Equinoxes' and several centuries later Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) improved upon his work. Thabit analyzed several problems on the movements of sun and moon and wrote treatises on sundials. Beer and Madler in their famous work Der Mond (1837) mention a surface feature of the moon after Thabit (Thebit). It is a prominent circular plain thirty miles in diameter in Section No. 8. The intrusion of a small circular plain has disfigured its circular wall. A small crater has thrust itself in on the eastern side of this plain.

39. 908 A.D. He was the grandson of thabit ibn Qurra who translated many Greek astronomical andmathematical works into Arabic. Ibrahim ibn sinan studied geometry including http://faculty.oxy.edu/jquinn/home/Math490/Timeline/908AD.html

908 AD Ibrahim ibn Sinan was born in Bagdad (now located in Iraq) in 908 AD. He was the grandson of Thabit ibn Qurra who translated many Greek astronomical and mathematical works into Arabic. Ibrahim ibn Sinan studied geometry including tangents to circles, and the geometry of shadows, and the motion of the Sun. He is considered the first Arab mathematician to think about mathematical philosophy. He constructed an ellipse, parabola and hyperbola in On drawing the three conic sections . Later in the manuscript he proves that the area of a segment of a parabola is four-thirds the area of the inscribed triangle. Another work On the motions of the sun deals with the motion of the solar apogee, and has an analysis of the observations underlying Ptolemy's solar theory. Author: Charles DeBoer References: http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ibrahim.html http://www.cwi.nl/~keesh/Iran/Maths/qurra.htm Math 490 Home Class Tasks ... Timeline Last updated October 1998

40. [Alb-Islam] Fwd: Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit) e madh musliman Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Shakir ne thabit analizoi disa probleme mbilevizjen e Diellit dhe Djali I tij sinan perfundoi certifikata te rregullta http://www.alb-net.com/pipermail/alb-islam/2000-September/000044.html

[Alb-Islam] Fwd: Thabit Ibn Qurrah (Thebit) Olsi kosova at MAILCITY.COM Wed, 06 Sep 2000 02:39:11 -0000 Next message: [Alb-Islam] Fwd: Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Alkindus) Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] - In alb-muslimnews@egroups.com olsi@r... Next message: [Alb-Islam] Fwd: Yaqub Ibn Ishaq Al-Kindi (Alkindus) Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ]

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