21. Search Results Astronomy shen kua 722 words Click Here For Access! Astronomy 201Astronomer, shen kua shen kua was born in China in the year 1026. http://www.opppapers.com/cgi-bin/subjects.cgi?s=5&start=15

22. Special Interest Around 1050 ad shen kua proposed that fossilized plants discovered near Yenchouwere evidence of radical change in climatic conditions in ages past. http://www.struggler.org/PetrifiedForest.html

Special Interest Petrified Forest National Park Their waters have roared and been troubled, the mountains have been troubled by His might. The mountains skipped like rams, and the hills like lambs. The earth trembled at the presence of the Lord. Fifteen cubits upward was the waters raised, and it covered all the high mountains. And there died all flesh that moved upon the earth, of flying creatures and cattle, and of wild beasts, and every reptile moving upon the earth (Psalms 45:3, 113:4; Genesis 7:20–21). So is this great and spacious sea, therein are things creeping innumerable, small living creatures with the great. . . there this dragon, whom Thou hast made to play therein (Psalm 103:27–28). All things hast Thou subjected under his feet . . . The birds of the air, and the fish of the sea, the things that pass through the paths of the sea. O Lord, our Lord, how wonderful is Thy name in all the earth (Psalm 8:6–8). About ninety years ago , Charles Fletcher Lummis, American author and editor (1859–1928), delivered himself of an "agnostic" judgment about Arizona's Petrified Forest. It may still be considered valid: "When you come to the Petrified Forest — well, one guess may be as good as another! The greatest geologists, the greatest botanists, have bumped their inconclusive heads against it in vain. . . It is the prime mystery in geology — the hardest nut, and the hardest wood, in the world." Although fascination with dinosaurs beginning in the nineteenth century led quickly to a common decision about the general significance of the Petrified Forest, the full story of this beautiful natural site is far from in.

23. EBooks2Go universally believed in the West. The reproduction was made fromthe detailed description by shen kua which survives from 1086. http://www.ebooks2go.com/histpub/chinese.cfm

Sunday, Mar 30th $0 total Advanced Search Categories Select Category Adult Trade African American Literature Art Arts/Humanities Business Careers Chemistry Children Classic Literature Comic and Graphic Books Computer Technology Crafts Crime Criticism Current Events Drama eBooks from India eBooks of Asia Education Engineering Entertainment Erotic Literature Essays Ethics Fantasy Feminist Fiction Finance Folklore Foreign Language Texts Games Gay/Lesbian Gender Studies Government History Home Horror Human Rights Humor Interactive Journal Journalism Judaica Juvenile Fiction Juvenile Literature Juvenile Non-fiction Language Arts Law Literary Anthologies Literary Criticism Literature Management Mathematics Medical Military Miscellaneous Multi-Cultural Music Mystery Mythology Nature New Age Non-Fiction Outdoor Recreation Performing Arts Pets Philosophy Physics Poetry Politics Professional Promotional Psychiatry Psychology Recovery Reference Research Romance Scholarly Science Science Fiction Self-Improvement Short Stories Sociology Suspense Technology Text Book Thriller Transportation Travel Travel Literature True Crime University Press Western Women's Studies Young Adult The History Of Chinese Publishing The History of Chinese Publishing Edited and Adapted from various sources by Charles Daniel Modern reproduction of the movable type invented by Pi Sheng between 1041 and 1048, and a page printed from it. Movable type was not invented by Johann Gutenberg, as is universally believed in the West. The reproduction was made from the detailed description by Shen Kua which survives from 1086.

24. Decades History Search 1086, In China shen kua (10301093) gave an account of a magnetic compass fornavigation in his work “Dream Pool Essays.” The work also gave the first http://www.decades.com/ByDecade/1080-1089/1.htm

Historical Marker Mar 27, 1941 - Spy Takeo Yo- shikawa arrives in Hawaii. With the alias of Tadasi Morimura, he is to collect information on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor. Show Me The Timeline... Subscribe... The Day of Infamy Pearl Harbor Betrayed Decades Ago (Mar 29) -Gen. Winfield Scott, US forces occupy Vera Cruz, Mex. -British Parliament cre- ates the Dominion of Canada -Coca-Cola sold for 1st time at drugstore in Atlanta -London-NY news service begins on Marconi's wireless -Italy firebombs city of Harar in Ethiopia -British sink 5 Italian ships off Peloponnesus coast -"The King and I" opens at St. James on Broadway -Julius and Ethel Rosen- berg convicted of espionage -Last US troops leave South Vietnam Search For Search Keyword(s): (no keywords entered) Search Date(s): decade 1080-1089 Other Criteria: adjust settings must fall entirely in date range 10 Records Found Page: 1 of 1 Pages Albania and Albanians were mentioned for the first time in a historical record by a Byzantine emperor. ref#152 Henry V, Roman German king, emperor (1098/1111-25), was born. ref#180 William the Conqueror ordered the Doomsday survey of English manor's production capacity in order to collect taxes.

25. Marquee Plus Message File 1065 Earliest example of Stained Glass used in Augsburg Cathedral, Germany Invented;1088 Compass using magnetic needle described by shen kua of China Invented http://www.oview.co.uk/HumourInventions.htm

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26. The Complete History Of The Discovery Of Cinematography - The Avicena 9801037. 1088 shen kua (1035-1095) Talks of the camera obscura's invertedimage, the collecting place, burning mirrors and the focal point. http://www.precinemahistory.net/900.htm

27. The Complete History Of The Discovery Of Cinematography - Pablius Statius, Pliny, Seneca, Heron, Ptolemy, Ting Huan, Galen, Boethius, Geber,ChaoLung, Kuang-Hsien, Alhazen, Avicena, shen kua, Averroes, Grosseteste http://www.precinemahistory.net/introduction.htm

28. Admiral Zheng's Fleet A history of Chinese navigation.Category Science Social Sciences Asia China Admiral Zheng He...... The most definitive reference to a compass appears to be a book by shen kua (AD 103094)who describes rubbing a lodestone against a needle and floating it http://www.oceansonline.com/zheng.htm

Admiral Zheng's Fleet Our history of oceanography would not be complete without reference to the contributions that the Chinese have made to ocean exploration. While not as well-known as some of their other scientific and technological contributions, the Chinese own the distinction of assembling the largest fleet to ever sail on the ocean. Early Chinese maritime history is sketchy (or just not well known) but one of their first contributions was the invention of the magnetic compass. The first definitive reports that the Chinese were aware of magnetism date to 240 B.C. although some scholars have pointed out that houses built in the Shang dynasty (1766?-1123? B.C.) are aligned with magnetic north, indicating a possible earlier application of magnetism. Here's a blurb from Time magazine's Most Important Events of the Millennium page: IT WAS LITTLE MORE than a magnet floating in a bowl of water, but without the nautical compass the millennium's great voyages of discovery could never have occurred. First used in feng shui (the Taoist system of environmental design), compasses appeared in China in the 4th century B.C. Lodestone pointers were replaced by flat slivers of iron, and then by needles, which arrived in the 6th century A.D. But the first account of seagoing compasses doesn't come until 1117, from Zhu Yu's

29. Links - Scienza E Matematica shen kua commander in army and scientist (University of St Andrews- Scotland). Ch'in Chiu Shao (University of St Andrews - Scotland). http://www.tuttocina.it/Tuttocina/links/link_mat.htm

CINA LINKS LINKS - SCIENZA E MATEMATICA Mathematics in China Clark University, Worcester,Massachusetts, USA. Il sistema di numerazione cinese Development of Mathematics in Ancient China The Discovery of Zero Chinese Counting Boards ... Chinese Math Texts Famosi Matematici Chung Ch'i - mathematician and astronomer (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Yang Hui - minor official who wrote about math (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Shen Kua - commander in army and scientist (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Ch'in Chiu Shao (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Zhang Heng (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Hsien Chung Wang (University of St Andrews - Scotland) Chu Shih-Chien (University of St Andrews - Scotland) HOME PAGE PAGINA INDICE CINA-TOUR LIBRI ... KOREA WWW.TUTTOCINA.IT

30. Lopan Compass One of the earliest texts that describe a northsouth pointing deviseis the text of shen kua written in 1088. This was approximately http://www.fengshuiseminars.com/articles/lopan.html

History of the Feng Shui Compass by Roger Green Introduction to the Development of the Magnetic Compass in China The origins in the development of the magnetic compass belonged to the world of imperial magicians and geomancers not scientists. In fact it was some time before the compass was used for navigation of the seas. To understand the development of the magnetic compass one must look to the context its original use. This lies in the ancient Chinese art of geomancy or Feng Shui (wind and water). Wind and water not only referring to the actual elements themselves but also the invisible energy of the magnetic directions. Of all forms of divination, geomancy was perhaps that which became most deeply rooted in Chinese culture throughout the traditional period. A wealth of technical terms was applied to the configurations of terrain connecting together in many varying ways the Yang and Yin, the dragon and tiger, the earth, planets and stars. The protection of a site from harmful influences was always a matter of great importance, and the achievement of a balance of Yang and Yin forces. Thus the background history of geomancy is of some importance for that of the magnetic compass itself.

31. D. Fu: When Shen Gua Encountered The "Natural World" 1984). Sivin, Nathan, shen kua , Dictionary of Scientific Biography,ed. CC.Gillispie, Vol12, (New York 1975), pp.369393. Sivin http://www.zmk.uni-freiburg.de/rheineintern/fu2.htm

Agenda List of discussion papers When Shen Gua Encountered the "Natural World" A Preliminary Discussion on Mengxi Bitan and the Concept of Nature Daiwie Fu Although having studied Mengxi Bitan ( "Brush talks from the dream brook", Mengxi Mengxi from the perspective of western natural sciences, or if you will, through the glass of the concept of nature. But of course, to study or to understand Mengxi classification of knowledge, conceptual tools like the structure or network of the various sub-categories of knowledge would well prepare for us in handling great differences and changes constantly emerging in cultural and historical comparisons. Let me say a bit more about classification of knowledge, or categories for understanding our world. It’s true that we understand things by concepts and understand the world through groups of concepts (ie, categories) plus a specific structure ‘S’ connecting these groups of concepts. Now suppose we have two cultures C1 and C2 in different space-time, with corresponding structures S1 and S2 for understanding the world. Suppose C1 wants to understand things in C2 and to understand them only through the structure of S1. We might call such kind of understanding an one-dimensional, or even "hegemonic" (if in colonial contexts), understanding. From this perspective, many western or modern studies in the history of non-western sciences are such kind of one-dimensional understanding, no matter how much respect and admiration they might have predisposed toward these non-western sciences. The many earlier studies of

32. Sketches Of The History Of Electromagnetics Timeline of classical electromagnetism, including optics, magnetism, electricity and their unification.Category Science Physics Electromagnetism History...... southnorth orientation. 1086, shen kua's Dream Pool Essays make thefirst reference to compasses used in navigation. 1155 - 1160, http://history.hyperjeff.net/electromagnetism.html

Taking too long to load? Smaller screen? Try the Slim version Jeff Biggus Part of the HyperJeff Network Sketches of a History of Classical Electromagnetism (Optics, Magnetism, Electricity, Electromagnetism) last updated Sunday, 13-Jan-2002 23:20:15 MST A n t i q u i t y Many things are known about optics: the rectilinearity of light rays; the law of reflection; transparency of materials; that rays passing obliquely from less dense to more dense medium is refracted toward the perpendicular of the interface; general laws for the relationship between the apparent location of an object in reflections and refractions; the existence of metal mirrors (glass mirrors being a 19th century invention). ca BC Euclid of Alexandria (ca 325 BC - ca 265 BC) writes, among many other works, Optics, dealing with vision theory and perspective. Convex lenses in existence at Carthage. cent BC Chinese fortune tellers begin using loadstone to construct their divining boards, eventually leading to the first compasses. (Mentioned in Wang Ch'ung's Discourses weighed in the balance of 83 B.C.)

33. Pinhole Photography shen kua later corrected his explanation of the image. Yu ChaoLung in thetenth century used model pagodas to make pinhole images on a screen. http://www.photo.net/pinhole/pinhole

Sign in Search Community Gallery ... ezShop Pinhole Photography - History, Images, Cameras, Formulas By Jon Grepstad Home Learn : One Section Introduction Pinhole photography is lensless photography. A tiny hole replaces the lens. Light passes through the hole; an image is formed in the camera. Pinhole cameras are small or large, improvised or designed with great care. Cameras have been made of sea shells, many have been made of oatmeal boxes, coke cans or cookie boxes, at least one has been made of a discarded refrigerator. Cameras have been cast in plaster like a face mask, constructed from beautiful hardwoods, built of metal with bellows and a range of multiple pinholes. Station wagons have been used as pinhole cameras - and rooms in large buildings. Basically a pinhole camera is a box, with a tiny hole in one end and film or photographic paper in the other. Pinhole cameras are used for fun, for art and for science. Designing and building the cameras are great fun. Making images with cameras you have made yourself is a great pleasure, too. But in serious photography the pinhole camera is just an imaging device with its advantages and limitations, special characteristics and potentials. By making the best of the camera's potential great images can be produced. Some of the images could not have been produced with a lens. Characteristics Pinhole images are softer - less sharp - than pictures made with a lens. The images have nearly infinite depth of field. Wide angle images remain absolutely rectilinear. On the other hand, pinhole images suffer from greater chromatic aberration than pictures made with a simple lens, and they tolerate little enlargement.

34. HTML\Wetenschap\990202weet03 Het is de Chinees shen kua die in 1088 als eerste beschrijft hoe een magnetisch gemaaktenaald op de rand van een beker of drijvend in water zichzelf altijd in http://oud.refdag.nl/series/uitvindingen/990202weet03.html

Wetenschap 2 februari 1999 Het 'klokje' dat altijd naar het noorden wijst Door W. G. Hulsman Een kompas is iets voor tovenaars, niet voor zeelui. Kapiteins van Europese schepen wagen zich in de 12e en 13e eeuw niet aan zo'n apparaat. Van Arabieren hebben ze pas nog over de grote Magneetberg gehoord. Van achter de horizon trekt die alle schepen met een kompas naar zich toe. Levensgevaarlijk. Lang staan de Europese zeevaarders wantrouwend tegenover het 'klokje' dat altijd naar het noorden wijst. De Arabieren hebben het instrument wel al volop in gebruik. Een Arabische handelaar heeft het hulpmiddel meegebracht uit het Verre Oosten. Het schijnt een vinding van de Chinezen te zijn. Peregrinus Via handelaars komt het handige 'wegwijzertje' in het Midden-Oosten en uiteindelijk in Europa terecht. Of kenden de Grieken het kompas al ? In de volgende eeuw komt de kompasnaald op een punt te staan, eerst vrij in de lucht, later in water, waardoor de naald vrijwel wrijvingsloos en vrij van trillingen kan draaien. Al snel daarna verschijnt de wind- of kompasroos onder de naald. Nu is direct af te lezen in welke windrichting de reis gaat. Scheepslieden kunnen inmiddels niet meer zonder het navigatiemiddel. Voor het kompas in gebruik raakt, varen ze vooral op het zicht, op eerdere ervaringen en op de stand van zon en sterren. Nu hebben ze een handig hulpmiddel om de koers te bepalen. Noord is noord.

35. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - 1000 To 1599 Chinese philosopher shen kua writes Meng ch'i pi t'an (Dream PoolEssays), where he discusses concave mirrors and focal points. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/1000-1599.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home During the early years of the second millennium, Arabic science proliferated, especially with regards to research in astronomy, optics, and vision. The Chinese investigations of optics also flourished for a time as they experimented with lenses, mirrors, and shadows, but stagnated after the 1200s. In medieval Europe, scholars strictly adhered to the teachings of the ancient Greek philosophers, particularly Aristotle, as well as those of the Church. Science was viewed as a process that required only observation of the natural world interpreted by rational thought and correct theology. Experimentation was not considered essential to understanding how the world works, at least not a world thought to lie at the center of a changeless universe. Nevertheless, this 600-year period did see significant breakthroughs in optics and science. The Greek notion that the eyes transmit light rays was finally discarded and the eyes were correctly understood to be light receivers. The first truly functional magnifying lenses were produced in the 1200s, and by the 1400s lenses were being used to make reading glasses. The Chinese had developed eyeglasses with colored lenses even earlier, but these apparently were used for ornamental purposes, rather than vision correction. By 1600, high quality lenses were being produced and used to make the first microscopes and telescopes. During the second half of the 1200s, as the Arab and Chinese sciences were fading, Europe began to emerge from its Dark Age. Robert Grosseteste, an English bishop (Bishop of Lincoln) and scholar, introduced Latin translations of Greek and Arabic philosophical and scientific writings to medieval Europe. Remarkably, he proposed that a theory could only be validated by testing its predictions with experimentationa substantial deviation from Aristotelian philosophy and the beginning of scientific method in Europe. His student, Roger Bacon, continued his advocacy of experimentation and tried, unsuccessfully, to get the Church to incorporate experimental methods into its educational system.

36. Eleventh Century History 1086 shen kua of China writes about the magnetic compass, relief maps and the originsof fossils. 1088 First modern university established in Bologna, Italy. http://www.didyouknow.cd/history/11thcentury.htm

H I S T O R Y The 11th Century History Before Christ World population 300 million. Scandinavia and Hungary converted to Christianity. Leif Ericson lands in North America, calling it Vinland. Gunpowder invented in China. Muslims destroy Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The Tale of Genji, the book usually considered as the world's first novel, by Shikibu Murasaki , lady in waiting to the empress of Japan. Nile frozen over - also happened in 829. Paper money printed in China. Birth of the Yiddish language, formed out of the meeting between old French and old Italian dialects with admixture of Hebrew words. East-West schism in Christianity, the final split separating the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic after centuries of disagreement. In this year Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other. William the Conqueror, from Normandy in France, invades England, defeats last Saxon king, Harold II, at Battle of Hastings. Construction on Cathedral in Pisa begins.

37. 11th Century shen kua of China develops the magnetic compass. 1086, William I of Englandorders The Doomsday Book compiled listing slaves as assets of landowners. http://www.gocreate.com/History/ra11.htm

Right Ahead Left Behind 11th Century Chinese invent magnifying glass. Crusaders sack Jerusalem, killing 40,000. Crusaders begin slaughtering French Jews. Pope Urban II begins the first of eight Crusades. Shen Kua of China develops the magnetic compass. William I of England orders The Doomsday Book compiled listing slaves as assets of landowners. Constantine the African, disguised as a monk, compiles medical works and helps free medicine from religious hands. Pope Gregory VII excommunicates all married priests. Pope Benedict IX sells papacy to Gregory VI. Chinese begin printing with movable type. Lady Godiva removes a heavy tax burden imposed on her people by riding naked on a horse through the streets of Coventry. Guido d'Arezzo introduces names for pitches the octave scale. Guido d'Arezzo develops the invents modern musical notation. Arab physician Ibn Sina publishes his Canon of Medicine Boleslav the Brave frees Poland from the Holy Roman Empire. Japanese baroness Shikibu Murasaki publishes The Tale of Genji Germany begins to persecute heretics.

38. Star Picks A nice simple format based on the years climbing a double helix, we take a trip fromthe year 1000 with Omar Khayyam, Tseng KungLiang, and shen kua to (almost http://www.acdlabs.com/webzine/17/17_5.html

ISSUE #17 STAR PICKS Star Picks timelinescience http://www.timelinescience.org/ One thousand years of scientific thought, condensed, like so much soup, into a web site. But, there's nothing sloppy about this ladder of scientific history. A nice simple format based on the years climbing a double helix, we take a trip from the year 1000 with Omar Khayyam, Tseng Kung-Liang, and Shen Kua to (almost) the present day and the likes of the invention of the inkjet printer in 1976 and cloned sheep and pigs at the end of the millennium. ingenta http://www.ingenta.com/ ingenta provides a gateway for finding research papers quickly and easily, for free. If you want full text, then this is available gratuitously where a publisher has made that provision although much the document delivery services will take a slice from your budget. Most fields of scientific endeavour are searchable from agriculture and food sciences to social sciences, by way of chemistry, of course. Delights of Chemistry http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/ This is a virtual version of one of those fantastic "flashes and bangs" lectures we used to get as students, at the end of the semester. There are forty chemistry demos, 120+ photos, and some "stunning" movies and animations. Put together in decent fashion by Leeds chemists Mike Hoyland, Vladimir Volkovich, and Daniel Ormsby.

39. Timelinescience - 1000 To 1100 shen kua, a Chinese scientist, writes his Dream Pool Essays in 1086.In these he outlines the principles of erosion, sedimentation http://www.timelinescience.org/years/1100.htm

40. La Flotte De L'amiral Zheng Translate this page Le livre mentionnant si clairement la boussole paraît être écrit par shen kua(1034-1094), qui y décrivait « le frottement d'un aimant contre une aiguille http://fpfre.peopledaily.com.cn/french/200203/21/fra20020321_53238.html

Notre Site Aide Plan du Site Archives ... EMPLOI Mise à jour 13:11(GMT+8), 21/03/2002 SCI-EDU La Flotte de l'amiral Zheng Notre histoire océanographique ne serait pas complète sans mentionner les contributions apportées par les Chinois à l'exploration maritime. Ces apports ne sont pas aussi connues que ceux qu'ils ont faits dans les domaines scientifiques et technologiques, les Chinois n'en se distinguaient pas moins par la construction de la plus grande flotte à la conquête de l'océan. Les annales de la navigation maritime chinoise de la première époque sont sommaires (et donc mal connus). Cependant, l'une de leurs premières prouesses était l'invention de la boussole magnétique. Le premier compte rendu crédible concernant la connaissance des Chinois du magnétisme remonte à l'an 240 av.J-C. Mais des spécialistes ont indiqué que déjà sous la dynastie des Shang (1766 ?-1123 ? av. J-C), les maisons construites en Chine étaient alignées sur le nord magnétique, montrant que les Chinois pourraient appliquer le magnétisme plus tôt. Voici un paragraphe de l'introduction sur Les plus importants Evénements du Millénaire publié dans le « Time » : Le livre mentionnant si clairement la boussole paraît être écrit par Shen Kua (1034-1094), qui y décrivait « le frottement d'un aimant contre une aiguille » et « celle-ci qui, mise sur la surface de l'eau, indique automatiquement le sud. » Son ouvrage traite encore de la prise de conscience de la déviation du magnétisme, et de la différence entre la direction originelle (le sud pour l'hémisphère sud et le nord pour l'hémisphère nord) et la direction réelle.

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