1. Ramsden Jesse Ramsden b. October 6, 1735, Halifax, Yorkshire, England d. November5, 1800, Brighton, Sussex. Jesse Ramsden was an 18th century http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/ramsden.html

HTTP 200 Document follows Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 07:02:26 GMT Server: NCSA/1.5.2 Last-modified: Sat, 16 Mar 2002 11:57:14 GMT Content-type: text/html Content-length: 12888 Jesse Ramsden b. October 6, 1735, Halifax, Yorkshire, England d. November 5, 1800, Brighton, Sussex Jesse Ramsden was an 18th century English designer and manufacturer of mathematical and astronomical instruments. He is best known for the design of a telescope and microscope eyepiece (ocular) still commonly used today and bearing his name. He also designed electrostatic machines. Jesse Ramsden, the son of a Yorkshire innkeeper, was born on October 6, 1735. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a cloth worker, but in the long run, the textile industry did not interest Ramsden. At the age of 23 he apprenticed himself to a mathematical instrument maker in London and in a very short time, Ramsden demonstrated that he was brilliant and skillful designer of instruments. In just four years, at the age of 27, he started his own business in London in the Haymarket, then moved to 199 Piccadilly in 1775, once his reputation had been established. Ramsden soon became acknowledged as the best designer and manufacturer of mathematical, astronomical, surveying and navigational instruments in England. A few years later he married Sarah Dollond, the youngest sister of Peter Dollond. Ramsden's inventive genius led to the development of a new universal equatoreal, two new micrometers, and a new construction of eyeglasses. A telescopic eyepiece of his design is still used today. But his most important and well-known invention was a new engine for dividing mathematical instrument scales. Ramsden designed instruments of great accuracy. These included instruments to divide circles and straight lines, sextants, and vertical circles for astronomical observatories. By 1789 he and his workmen had constructed nearly a thousand sextants. He made important improvements in theodolites and transits, invented a pyrometer to measure thermal expension, and a device for determining telescopic powers. He also built barometers, manometers, assay balances, and other instruments.

2. Ramsden Jesse Ramsden. Jesse Ramsden was apprenticed to a cloth maker, but at the ageof 23 he chose to become an apprentice to a mathematical instrument maker. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ramsden.html

Jesse Ramsden Born: 15 Oct 1735 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England Died: 5 Nov 1800 in Brighton, Sussex, England Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Jesse Ramsden was apprenticed to a cloth maker, but at the age of 23 he chose to become an apprentice to a mathematical instrument maker. By the age of 27 he had his own business in London where he became acknowledged as the most skilful designer of mathematical, astronomical, surveying and navigational instruments in the 18th Century. The French scientist N Cassegrain proposed a design of a reflecting telescope in 1672. It was Ramsden, however, 100 years later who found that this design reduces blurring of the image caused by the sphericity of the lenses or mirrors. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society (1786) and received the Copley Medal in 1795. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson List of References (3 books/articles) Mathematicians born in the same country Honours awarded to Jesse Ramsden (Click a link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way) Lunar features Crater Ramsden Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index History Topics Societies, honours, etc.

3. Ramsden J. ramsden jesse. Great Britain. Born on 06.10.1735. Died on 05.11.1800. Mathematician,mechanics, optician. Honorary Member since 04.04.1793. http://www.icp.ac.ru/RAS_1724-1999/CD_PAH/ENG/23/2342.HTM

RAMSDEN Jesse Great Britain. Born on 06.10.1735. Died on 05.11.1800. Mathematician, mechanics, optician. Honorary Member since 04.04.1793.

4. Ramsden J. ramsden jesse. Great Britain. Born on 06.10.1735. Died on 05.11.1800. Mathematician,mechanician, optician. Honorary Member since 04.04.1793. http://hp.iitp.ru/eng/23/2342.htm

RAMSDEN Jesse Great Britain. Born on 06.10.1735. Died on 05.11.1800. Mathematician, mechanician, optician. Honorary Member since 04.04.1793.

5. Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopædia Britannica, ramsden, jesse Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLAstyle ramsden, jesse. 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=64206

6. Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics And You - Timeline - Jesse Ramsden jesse ramsden was an eighteenth century English designer and manufacturer of mathematical and astronomical instruments. http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/ramsden.html

Visit the Molecular Expressions Website Galleria Photo Gallery ... Home Jesse Ramsden Jesse Ramsden was an eighteenth century English designer and manufacturer of mathematical and astronomical instruments. He is best known for the design of a telescope and microscope eyepiece (ocular) that bears his name and is still commonly used today. Born in Yorkshire, England, on October 6, 1735, Ramsden was the son of an innkeeper. As a young boy, Ramsden was apprenticed to a cloth worker, but in the long run, the textile industry did not interest him. At the age of 23 he apprenticed himself to a mathematical instrument maker and, in a very short time, Ramsden demonstrated that he was a brilliant and skillful designer of instruments. In just four years, he started his own business in London. Ramsden soon became acknowledged as the best designer and manufacturer of mathematical, astronomical, surveying and navigational instruments in England. Ramsden designed instruments of great accuracy, largely due to his invention of the dividing engine. Prior to his creation of the device, the division and inscription of scales on mathematical instruments was done by hand, but Ramsden's divider eliminated the risk of human error and made it feasible to inscribe lines accurate to a second of an arc. Due to the precision he could obtain, Ramsden's instruments were in great demand and he furnished achromatic telescopes equipped with accurately divided circles to many European observatories. Insisting on only the highest quality was problematic at times, however, since Ramsden had a reputation for completing the orders of his customers belatedly.

7. Evans3letter ramsden (jesse, 17351800, optician and mechanican) IMPORTANT AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED ('J ramsden'), to John Goodriche, http://www.roydavids.com/ramsden.htm

RAMSDEN (JESSE, 1735-1800, optician and mechanican 1 page, folio, partly mounted on an album leaf, integral address, recipient's endorsement (presumably autograph), postal marking, red wax seal in two portions, London, 24 August 1784 Jesse Ramsden was acknowledged to be the most skilful and capable instrument maker of the eighteenth century. He developed techniques that enabled him to increase greatly the precision of astronomical, surveying and navigational instruments. His greatest contribution to the technology of his time was probably the development of the dividing engine. He supplied many of the observatories of Europe with new achromatic telescopes equipped with accurately divided circles. His most famous work was a five-foot vertical circle for the Palermo observatory. He was elected a member of the Royal Society and of the Imperial Academy of St Petersburg and the Copley medal was awarded to him in 1795. George Goodriche (1764-1786), who died when only twenty-one years of age, laid the foundations of an important branch of stellar astronomy by discovering the first known short-period variable star (Algol) and also by establishing a remarkably accurate estimate of its period. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society shortly before his death. In 1783, Major-General William Roy (1726-1790), a royal engineer, was appointed by the government to carry a series of triangles from London to Dover, and connect them with the triangulation already made between Paris and the north coast of France, in order to determine the relative positions of the observatories of Paris and Greenwich. Roy selected Hounslow Heath for the base line, which was measured in the summer of 1784 three times over by means of cased glass tubing, seasoned pine rods, and a coffered steel chain, all made by Ramsden, and the discrepancy between the several measurements under three inches. The work excited considerable scientific and general interest.

8. Encyclopædia Britannica 480 feet high. Its nearly perfect squareness and ramsden, jesse Sextant,brass, by jesse ramsden, c. 1770. In the Adler Planetarium http://www.britannica.com/search?query=circle-dividing engine

9. Ramsden Biography of jesse ramsden (17351800) jesse ramsden. Born 15 Oct 1735 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ramsden.html

Jesse Ramsden Born: 15 Oct 1735 in Halifax, Yorkshire, England Died: 5 Nov 1800 in Brighton, Sussex, England Click the picture above to see a larger version Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Jesse Ramsden was apprenticed to a cloth maker, but at the age of 23 he chose to become an apprentice to a mathematical instrument maker. By the age of 27 he had his own business in London where he became acknowledged as the most skilful designer of mathematical, astronomical, surveying and navigational instruments in the 18th Century. The French scientist N Cassegrain proposed a design of a reflecting telescope in 1672. It was Ramsden, however, 100 years later who found that this design reduces blurring of the image caused by the sphericity of the lenses or mirrors. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society (1786) and received the Copley Medal in 1795. Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson List of References (3 books/articles) Mathematicians born in the same country Honours awarded to Jesse Ramsden (Click a link below for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way) Lunar features Crater Ramsden Other Web sites Encyclopaedia Britannica Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index History Topics Societies, honours, etc.

10. References For Ramsden References for jesse ramsden. Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography(New York 19701990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Ramsden.html

References for Jesse Ramsden Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Articles: E G R Taylor, The Mathematical Practitioners of Hanoverian England (London, 1966), 57-59, 244-245. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR December 1996 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Ramsden.html

11. RAMSDEN, JESSE ramsden, jesse. RAMSAY, SIR WILLIAM (1852— ), British chemist, nephewof Sir AC Ramsay, was born at Glasgow on the 2nd of October 1852. http://36.1911encyclopedia.org/R/RA/RAMSDEN_JESSE.htm

document.write(""); RAMSDEN, JESSE author of Everyday Life in Turkey (1897) and The Romance of Elisavet (1899). According to a 12th-century chronicle of one of the monks, the name Ramsey is derived from the words “ ram,” referring to the tradition of a solitary ram having taken up its abode here, and “ey” meaning an island. Ramsey, however, was not completely insulated, like some of the monasteries of, the Fen district. The abbey was founded by Ailwin, earl of the East Angles, in 969, and a charter of King Edgar granted lands and privileges for the purpose. Ramsey Abbey was noted for the school established within its walls, and for its library of Hebrew works. Its abbot was mitred. The lands were granted after the dissolution to Sir Richard Cromwell. RAMSEY, a seaport and watering-place on the north-east coast of the Isle of Man, 15 m. N.N.E. of Douglas. Pop. (1901) 4729. It lies on the wide Ramsey Bay, at the mouth of the Sulby river, the estuary of which forms a small harbour. To the north and west the’ country is flat, but to the south the lower slopes of the North Ballure hill rise sharply. A creek of the Sulby river on the north side of the town is formed into a picturesque lake. The Queen’s pier permits of the landing of passengers at all times, and Ramsey is served by

12. On-line Register Of Scientific Instruments ramsden 2 instruments. ramsden, jesse 8 instruments. ramsden, jesse (17351800)Flourished 1760-1800 5 instruments. ramsden, jesse; Londen 1 instrument. http://www.isin.org/browse.asp?subject=name&letter=R

13. On-line Register Of Scientific Instruments Ramminger, Jacob 1 instrument. ramsden 2 instruments. ramsden, jesse 8instruments. ramsden, jesse (17351800) Flourished 1760-1800 5 instruments. http://www.isin.org/browse.asp?subject=name&letter=Qu

14. Series 81.01 Invoice Issued To Banks By Jesse Ramsden, Optician And Instrument M Invoice issued to Banks by jesse ramsden, optician and instrument maker, 20 May1788 (Series 81.01). Author ramsden, jesse, 17351800. Date 20, 29 May 1788. http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/series_81/81_01.htm

Invoice issued to Banks by Jesse Ramsden, optician and instrument maker, 20 May 1788 (Series 81.01) Notes: Includes receipt issued to Banks by Jesse Ramsden, 29 May 1788 Author: Ramsden, Jesse, 1735-1800 Date: 20, 29 May 1788 Series title: Series 81: Miscellaneous invoices and receipts, 1788-1805 Frame numbers: CY 3683 / 500 CY 3683 / 501 CY 3683 / 502 Subjects: Opticians - England

15. References For Ramsden References for the biography of jesse ramsden References for jesse ramsden. Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 19701990). http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/References/Ramsden.html

References for Jesse Ramsden Biography in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990). Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Articles: E G R Taylor, The Mathematical Practitioners of Hanoverian England (London, 1966), 57-59, 244-245. Main index Birthplace Maps Biographies Index History Topics ... Anniversaries for the year JOC/EFR December 1996 School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews, Scotland The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/References/Ramsden.html

16. Series 46.06 Letter Received By Banks From William Bligh, 9 October 1787 Subjects ramsden, jesse, 17351800. Stephens, Philip, Sir, 1725-1809. http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/series_46/46_06.htm

Letter received by Banks from William Bligh, 9 October 1787 (Series 46.06) Notes: Author: Bligh, William, 1754-1817 Date: 9 October 1787 Series: Series 46: `Correspondence Bounty', being letters received by Banks from William Bligh concerning the breadfruit voyage on HMS Bounty Includes copy of a letter written by Joseph Coleman, 1788; and newscuttings, 1790, 1792. Frame numbers: CY 3004 / 66 CY 3004 / 67 Subjects: Ramsden, Jesse, 1735-1800 Stephens, Philip, Sir, 1725-1809

17. Ramsden Portrait Portrait of jesse ramsden jesse ramsden. JOC/EFR August 2001 http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/Ramsden.html

Jesse Ramsden JOC/EFR August 2001 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/PictDisplay/Ramsden.html

18. Calderdale, West Yorkshire - Tel Nadeem 07931 361947 Or Email Nad@nadd.net Copyright 19941999 Encyclopædia Britannica. ramsden, jesse (b. Oct. 6, 1735, Halifax, Yorkshire, Eng.d. http://www.nadd.net/calderdale/now/halifax.htm

Sextant, brass, by Jesse Ramsden, c. 1770. In the Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum,. . . The Adler Planetarium and Astonomy Museum, Chicago, Illinois. W-265 Calderdale - westernmost district (borough), metropolitan area of West Yorkshire, England. It has an area of 140 square miles (363 square km). Halifax is the district's administrative centre and its largest town. The bleak gritstone Pennine moorlands, with scattered sheep farms and reservoirs, rise to 1,500 feet (457 m) above sea level and are deeply scored by the River Calder and many small tributary creeks. The dale is occupied by 19th-century textile towns between Todmorden and Brighouse. Associated with fine worsted manufactures are engineering and wire making, and there is also carpet manufacture. The sandstone edges of the valleys yield building stone and fireclay at Elland. Pop. (1986 est.) 193,100. Related Internet Links: Calderdale, England

19. Famous Electrochemists Links to biographies of those who greatly contributed to electrochemistry and related fields, particularl Category Science Chemistry History...... Jean de Luc, 17271817. Henry Cavendish, 1731-1810. jesse ramsden,1735-1800. Charles A. de Coulomb, 1736-1806. Luigi Galvani, 1737-1798. http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/electrochemists.htm

HTTP 200 Document follows Date: Sun, 30 Mar 2003 07:02:27 GMT Server: NCSA/1.5.2 Last-modified: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 16:20:09 GMT Content-type: text/html Content-length: 63830 Famous Scientists greatly contributed to "electro" science: electricity, electromagnetism, electrical technology, electronics, electrical telegraphy, radio, electrochemistry, electromedicine, etc. This site has been optimized for 640 x 480 screen resolution. Some pages contain many images and could take a few munites to download. If you don't know what specifically you are looking for, I recommend you to use index pages with portraits and summaries of the scientists. Frequently Asked Questions about this site Virtual Museum of Old Electric, Electronic and Electrochemical Instruments Scientists born before 1751 index page with portraits and summaries William Gilbert Niccolo Cabeo Athanasius Kircher ... George Adams, Jr. Scientists born 1751-1800 index page with portraits and summaries Samuel Thomas Soemmering Giovanni Aldini Johann G. Friedrich Bohnenberger ... Joseph Saxton Scientists born 1801-1850 index page with portraits and summaries Carl August von Steinheil Auguste-Arthur de La Rive Moritz Hermann Jacobi ... Robert W. E. von Bunsen

20. Biography-center - Letter R laureates/1904/ramsaybio.html; ramsden, jesse www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/ramsden.html;Ramsey, Frank www-history http://www.biography-center.com/r.html

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