1. Pythagoras Detailed biography, including pictures, from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pythagoras.html

Pythagoras of Samos Born: about 569 BC in Samos, Ionia Died: about 475 BC Click the picture above to see eleven larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements. Unlike many later Greek mathematicians, where at least we have some of the books which they wrote, we have nothing of Pythagoras's writings. The society which he led, half religious and half scientific, followed a code of secrecy which certainly means that today Pythagoras is a mysterious figure. We do have details of Pythagoras's life from early biographies which use important original sources yet are written by authors who attribute divine powers to him, and whose aim was to present him as a god-like figure. What we present below is an attempt to collect together the most reliable sources to reconstruct an account of Pythagoras's life. There is fairly good agreement on the main events of his life but most of the dates are disputed with different scholars giving dates which differ by 20 years. Some historians treat all this information as merely legends but, even if the reader treats it in this way, being such an early record it is of historical importance. Pythagoras's father was Mnesarchus ([12] and [13]), while his mother was Pythais [8] and she was a native of Samos. Mnesarchus was a merchant who came from Tyre, and there is a story ([12] and [13]) that he brought corn to Samos at a time of famine and was granted citizenship of Samos as a mark of gratitude. As a child Pythagoras spent his early years in Samos but travelled widely with his father. There are accounts of Mnesarchus returning to Tyre with Pythagoras and that he was taught there by the Chaldaeans and the learned men of Syria. It seems that he also visited Italy with his father.

2. Pythagoras Of Samos A resource collation concerning Pythagoras drawn from the classical references and with web resources PYTHAGORAS. of Samos{570490BC} http://euler.ciens.ucv.ve/English/mathematics/pitagora.html

Pythagoras of Samos Pythagoras of Samos, c.560-c.480 BC, was a Greek philosopher and religious leader who was responsible for important developments in the history of mathematics, astronomy, and the theory of music. He migrated to Croton and founded a philosophical and religious school there that attracted many followers. Because no reliable contemporary records survive, and because the school practiced both secrecy and communalism, the contributions of Pythagoras himself and those of his followers cannot be distinguished. Pythagoreans believed that all relations could be reduced to number relations ("all things are numbers"). This generalization stemmed from certain observations in music, mathematics, and astronomy. The Pythagoreans noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonious tones when the ratios of the lengths of the strings are whole numbers, and that these ratios could be extended to other instruments. They knew, as did the Egyptians before them, that any triangle whose sides were in the ratio 3:4:5 was a right-angled triangle. The so-called Pythagorean theorem, that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, may have been known in Babylonia, where Pythagoras traveled in his youth; the Pythagoreans, however, are usually credited with the first proof of this theorem. In astronomy, the Pythagoreans were well aware of the periodic numerical relations of heavenly bodies. The CELESTIAL SPHERES of the planets were thought to produce a harmony called the music of the spheres. Pythagoreans believed that the earth itself was in motion. The most important discovery of this schoolwhich upset Greek mathematics, as well as the Pythagoreans' own belief that whole numbers and their ratios could account for geometrical propertieswas the incommensurability of the diagonal of a square with its side. This result showed the existence of IRRATIONAL NUMBERS.

3. Pythagoras Von Samos This category in other languages "pythagoras of samos" search on This category needs an editor Copyright © 19982002 Netscape Terms of Use Last update 2201 PT, Friday, December 6, 2002 - edit http://www.philosophenlexikon.de/pythagor.htm

Begriffe Abaelard - Ayer Baader - Byron Cabanis - Czezowski Ebbinghaus - Ewald ... Geschichte der Philosophie Diskussion PhilTalk Philosophieforen Andere Lexika PhilLex -Lexikon der Philosophie Lexikon der griechischen Mythologie PhiloThek Bibliothek der Klassiker Zeitschriftenlesesaal Nachschlagewerke Allgemeine Information ... Dokumentenlieferdienste Spiele Philosophisches Galgenraten PhilSearch.de Shops PhiloShop PhiloShirt Service Kontakt Impressum eMail Pythagoras von Samos (ca. 540 - 500 v. u. Z.) Themistokleia und vielleicht auch des Pherekydes. Er war Mann der Theano von Kroton sowie Vater von Arignote, Myia, Damo , Telauges und Mnesarchos. Die im Buch I der Slg. der pythagoreischen Lehren des Iamblichos Schule der Pythagoreer Der nach Pythagoras benannte Satz des Pythagoras war schon weit vor ihm in der babylonischen Mathematik bekannt. powered by Uwe Wiedemann

4. Pythagoras Of Samos By Jacob Dunn pythagoras of samos. Pythagoras (582?500? BC). Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, whose beliefs http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/2845

Pythagoras Of Samos Pythagoras (582?-500? BC). Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, whose beliefs strongly influenced Plato. He was born on the island of Sámos, Pythagoras was instructed in the teachings of the early Ionian philosophers Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. People say that Pythagoras was driven from Sámos by his own disgust for the dictatorship of Polycrates. About 530 BC Pythagoras settled in Crotona, a Greek colony in southern Italy, where he founded a movement with religious, political, and philosophical aims, known as Pythagoreanism. He set up a school where he taught about religious, philosophical and mathematical beliefs. The philosophy of Pythagoras is known only through the work of his disciples, not through him. Pythagoras' Theorem The Pythagoreans The Pythagoreans' Astronomical Discoveries My Bibliography ... View Guestbook This page hosted by Get your own Free Home Page

5. Pythagoras Of Samos Related Search Search for books about pythagoras of samos. pythagoras of samos. Begin your search for. pythagoras of samos http://www.22book.com/pythagoras-of-samos.html

Pythagoras Of Samos Begin your search for Pythagoras Of Samos Pythagoras Of Samos search Top Books Search for other books All Products Books Popular Music Classical Music Video DVD PSM: 100% Independent PlayStation 2 Magazine (with [MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTION] More... Electronic Gaming Monthly [MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTION] More... The Official Xbox Magazine (without disc) [MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTION] More... Somos Gitanos More... Somos Todos Iguais Nesta Noite [IMPORT] More... Somos Novios More... privacy Free Site Templates About Pythagoras Of Samos Touching the derivation of the name Pythagoras Of Samos, I confess myself, with sorrow, equally at fault. Among a multitude of opinions upon this delicate point- some acute, some learned, some sufficiently the reverse I am able to select nothing which ought to be considered satisfactory. Modified text originally written by Edgar Allan Poe.

6. Pythagoras Detailed biography, including pictures, from the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.Category Kids and Teens School Time Math Mathematicians Pythagoras......pythagoras of samos. Born about 569 BC in Samos, Ionia Died about 475 BC. Pythagorasof Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pythagoras.html

Pythagoras of Samos Born: about 569 BC in Samos, Ionia Died: about 475 BC Click the picture above to see eleven larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements. Unlike many later Greek mathematicians, where at least we have some of the books which they wrote, we have nothing of Pythagoras's writings. The society which he led, half religious and half scientific, followed a code of secrecy which certainly means that today Pythagoras is a mysterious figure. We do have details of Pythagoras's life from early biographies which use important original sources yet are written by authors who attribute divine powers to him, and whose aim was to present him as a god-like figure. What we present below is an attempt to collect together the most reliable sources to reconstruct an account of Pythagoras's life. There is fairly good agreement on the main events of his life but most of the dates are disputed with different scholars giving dates which differ by 20 years. Some historians treat all this information as merely legends but, even if the reader treats it in this way, being such an early record it is of historical importance. Pythagoras's father was Mnesarchus ([12] and [13]), while his mother was Pythais [8] and she was a native of Samos. Mnesarchus was a merchant who came from Tyre, and there is a story ([12] and [13]) that he brought corn to Samos at a time of famine and was granted citizenship of Samos as a mark of gratitude. As a child Pythagoras spent his early years in Samos but travelled widely with his father. There are accounts of Mnesarchus returning to Tyre with Pythagoras and that he was taught there by the Chaldaeans and the learned men of Syria. It seems that he also visited Italy with his father.

7. John Burnet: Early Greek Philosophy -- Pythagoras Of Samos Section dedicated to the Pythagorean tradition.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers pythagoras of samos...... Early Greek Philosophy pythagoras of samos. John Burnet. Aristoxenus said thatPythagoras left Samos in order to escape from the tyranny of Polycrates. http://plato.evansville.edu/public/burnet/ch2a.htm

Introduction The Life of Plato The Crito The Phaedo ... Credits and E XPLORING P LATO'S D IALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web Early Greek Philosophy Pythagoras of Samos John Burnet Character of the Tradition Life of Pythagoras The Order Downfall of the Order ... The Heavenly Bodies 37. Character of the Tradition It is not easy to give any account of Pythagoras that can claim to be regarded as historical. The earliest reference to him, indeed, is practically a contemporary one. Some verses are quoted from Xenophanes , in which we are told that Pythagoras once heard a dog howling and appealed to its master not to beat it, as he recognized the voice of a departed friend. From this we know that he taught the doctrine of transmigration. Heraclitus , in the next generation, speaks of his having carried scientific investigation ( ) further than any one, though he made use of it for purposes of imposture. Later, though still within the century, Herodotus speaks of him as "not the weakest scientific man ( ) among the Hellenes," and he says he had been told by the Greeks of the

8. Exploring Plato's Dialogues: Pythagoras And The Pythagoreans pythagoras of samos (c.560c.480 BC), mathematician, philosopher and religious leader,founded a religious community (the Pythagorean Order) in Croton on the http://plato.evansville.edu/commentary/beavers/pythagoras.htm

Introduction The Life of Plato The Crito The Phaedo ... Credits and E XPLORING P LATO'S D IALOGUES A Virtual Learning Environment on the World-Wide Web Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans Anthony F. Beavers Pythagoras of Samos (c.560-c.480 BC), mathematician, philosopher and religious leader, founded a religious community (the Pythagorean Order) in Croton on the coast of Italy around 530 BC. According to Aristotle (see Metaphysics 985b-986a), the Pythagoreans, first to develop the science of mathematics, revered number as the first principle of all things, probably due to their discovery that the principles of musical harmony could be explained with mathematics. In the same passage, Aristotle informs us that some Pythagoreans believed that the generation of numbers and the cosmos itself could be explained by a "Table of Opposites" consisting of the following pairs: (1) Limit and the Unlimited; (2) Odd and Even; (3) Unity and Plurality; (4) Right and Left; (5) Male and Female; (6) Rest and Motion; (7) Straight and Crooked; (8) Light and Darkness; (9) Good and Evil; and (10) Square and Oblong; though he is uncertain of whether Alcmaeon , who held a similar view, "derived the theory from [the Pythagoreans] or they from him."

9. Pythagoras Of Samos (ca. 560-ca. 480 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scien pythagoras of samos (ca. 560ca. 480 BC), Greek philosopher and mathematicianwho founded the mystic Pythagorean cult. The cult he http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Pythagoras.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Pythagoras of Samos (ca. 560-ca. 480 BC) Greek philosopher and mathematician who founded the mystic Pythagorean cult. The cult he founded was devoted to the study of numbers, which the Pythagoreans saw as concrete, material objects. They studied figurate numbers defining them as triangular numbers pentagonal numbers hexagonal numbers etc., based on the patterns that numbers of regularly spaced dots formed (Boyer 1968, p. 59-61). Pythagoras's biographer Proclus ascribed two specific mathematical discoveries to Pythagoras: construction of the regular solids (known today as the Platonic solids ), and the theory of proportionals. Pythagoras also investigated the ratios of lengths corresponding to musical harmonies, undertook studies in number theory, and developed methods of geometric proof. Among the results attributed to Pythagoras and his followers is the proof that the number Pythagoras's constant ) is irrational usually attributed to Hippasus Pythagoras developed a modern theory of vision much simpler than that of Plato . This theory maintained that light is emitted from luminous bodies, can suffer reflections, and causes the sensation of sight when it enters the eyes. He was the first Greek to realize that the morning star and evening star were both the planet

10. Pythagoras Of Samos (ca. 560-ca. 480 BC) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scien Branch of Science " Mathematicians Branch of Science " Philosophers Nationality " Greek pythagoras of samos (ca. 560ca. 480 BC) Greek philosopher and mathematician who founded the mystic Pythagorean cult. The cult he founded was devoted to the http://www.treasure-troves.com/bios/Pythagoras.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Branch of Science Philosophers ... Greek Pythagoras of Samos (ca. 560-ca. 480 BC) Greek philosopher and mathematician who founded the mystic Pythagorean cult. The cult he founded was devoted to the study of numbers, which the Pythagoreans saw as concrete, material objects. They studied figurate numbers defining them as triangular numbers pentagonal numbers hexagonal numbers etc., based on the patterns that numbers of regularly spaced dots formed (Boyer 1968, p. 59-61). Pythagoras's biographer Proclus ascribed two specific mathematical discoveries to Pythagoras: construction of the regular solids (known today as the Platonic solids ), and the theory of proportionals. Pythagoras also investigated the ratios of lengths corresponding to musical harmonies, undertook studies in number theory, and developed methods of geometric proof. Among the results attributed to Pythagoras and his followers is the proof that the number Pythagoras's constant ) is irrational usually attributed to Hippasus Pythagoras developed a modern theory of vision much simpler than that of Plato . This theory maintained that light is emitted from luminous bodies, can suffer reflections, and causes the sensation of sight when it enters the eyes. He was the first Greek to realize that the morning star and evening star were both the planet

11. Pythagoras Of Samos - A Resource Document PYTHAGORAS. of Samos{570490BC}. The Indigenous Nativity PhilosphicalFoundations of that which is deemed Classical Western Science. http://www.magna.com.au/~prfbrown/pythagor.html

PYTHAGORAS of that which is deemed Classical Western Science Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia in the Southern Autumn of 1996 The Ancient Greeks and Nature It should be recalled that the foundations of the classical physical sciences, mathematics and geometries can be traced back to the ancient Greek philsophers and sages whose recorded wisdoms and writings were rediscovered after the Dark Ages, and upon whose philosophies and sciences the emerging western civilisation sought to rebuild knowledge "anew". This article examines the translated historical literature specifically concerning the Pythagoras, one of the earliest of the ancient Greeks, by way of very brief summarisation of the extensive researched work of the classicist WKC Guthrie. The following series of notes are drawn from my review of the book: "A History of Greek Philosophy", Volume I: The Earlier PreSocratics and the Pythagoreans - by W.K.C. GUTHRIE (Published 1962) I have made no attempt to make the following account coherent at this stage, except for a brief index, for its purpose is largely reference material for further research and development concerning my own understanding of nature as outlined in such articles as: "The Nature of Nature" "The Elements of Nature" "The Mineral Kingdom" : What is the nature of the Kingdom of Minerals?

12. Dynamic Directory - Society - Philosophy - Philosophers - Pythagoras Of Samos Top SocietyPhilosophyPhilosophers pythagoras of samos (6) http://www.maximumedge.com/cgi/dir/index.cgi/Society/Philosophy/Philosophers/Pyt

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13. - Great Books - pythagoras of samos (c. 580 BCc. 520 BC), Pythagoras, the Greek philosopherand mathematician and founder of the Pythagorean school http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_966.asp

Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 BC-c. 520 BC) Medieval writers, has been upset by some recent writers, who understand the phrase, "Abstain from beans" ( kyamon apechete ), to refer to a measure of practical prudence, and not to a gastronomic principle. Beans, black and white, were, according to this interpretation, the means of voting in Magna Græcia, and "Abstain from beans" would, therefore, mean merely "Avoid politics" - a warning which, we know, was warranted by the troubles in which the school was involved on account of the active share which it took during the founder's lifetime in the struggles of the popular with the aristocratic party in Southern Italy. The school was instructed by its founder to devote itself to the cultivation of philosophy, mathematics, music, and gymnastics, the aim of the organization being primarily ethical. The theoretical doctrines taught by the master were strictly adhered to, so much so that the Pythagoreans were known for their frequent citation of the ipse dixit of the founder. Naturally, as soon as the legends began to grow up around the name of Pythagoras, many tenets were ascribed him which were in fact introduced by later Pythagoreans, such as Philolaus and Archytas of Tarentum.

14. Pythagoras Of Samos Return to MATHGYM Back pythagoras of samos A Collection of Essays andLessons for Junior and Senior High School Below are a collection http://www.mathgym.com.au/history/pythagoras/pyth.htm

Return to MATHGYM Back P YTHAGORAS of S AMOS A Collection of Essays and Lessons for Junior and Senior High School Below are a collection of essays on the influence of Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans on Western civilisation, and in particular, Western Mathematics. Beside each is an Activity that investigates the mathematics of the period and a suggested audience. Essays Related Activities Suggested Target Audience for Activity Setting the Scene - 600 B.C.E. Activity 1 - Universal time line Junior Secondary Pythagoras' Theorem - origins and proofs Activity 2 - That Theorem Junior Secondary Pythagorean Number - origins of abstract number concepts Activity 3 - Odds and Evens - Direct Proof Activity 4 - Finite differences and Proof by Induction Junior/Senior Secondary Senior Secondary Pythagorean Algebra/proportion - origins of geometric algebra Activity 5 - Solution of Quadratics Junior Secondary Pythagorean Geometry - origins of logical method Activity 6 - Regular Polygons Activity 7 - Regular Polyhedrons Junior Secondary Junior Secondary

15. Pythagoras Of Samos Return to MATHGYM Back pythagoras of samos A Collection of Essaysand Lessons for Junior and Senior High School Contents 1. From http://www.mathgym.com.au/history/pythagoras/pythintro.htm

Return to MATHGYM Back P YTHAGORAS of S AMOS A Collection of Essays and Lessons for Junior and Senior High School Contents From Then to Now - a brief history of the Universe The Sixth Century B.C.E. Pythagoras - his life and times Academic From Then to Now - a brief history of the Universe The beginning It is generally accepted that the present Universe is about 20 000 000 000 years old. It is thought that the Solar System began forming 5 000 000 000 years ago and that the first traces of life appeared about 4 500 000 000 years ago. Broad estimates place the beginnings of humanity at about 5 000 000 years ago. Since then the Earth has had three Ice Ages with the last one finishing about 10 000 B.C.E. You might like to do Activity 1 before you continue. Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic period 10 000 - 7 000 B.C.E.) As the Last Ice Age waned, the ice sheets left behind fertile savanna grasslands over most of Africa, the Middle East, India and China. Large herds grazed on these grasslands and not far away were the hunter/gatherers. It has been estimated that the abundance of wildlife was able to support 40 humans per square kilometre. About this time we find the first record of the domestication of dogs, sheep, goats, and the first harvesting of wild grains. The earliest record of habitation at the spring of Jerico is about this time. Due to the movement of the herds, stone age hunter/gatherers had to be nomadic, which meant that they had to travel light and keep few possessions. Therefore this was a period of limited scientific and mathematical advancement.

16. Astronomy.Rocks! Pythagoras Of Samos Astronomy.Rocks! pythagoras of samos. The first early astronomer wehave good information about was a man named Pythagoras. You can http://www.intelligentchild.com/astronomy/pythagoras.html

Astronomy.Rocks! Pythagoras of Samos The Pythagoreans found ways to explain many things using math and science. (You may have heard of the Pythagorean Theorem .) By doing this, they left us a very important piece of the puzzle: that math and science are useful tools for studying and understanding the world we live in. Think about it: Can you imagine a world without math and science? Do you think we would have airplanes or telescopes or computers? What would the world be like? For about one hundred years after Pythagoreas died, not a lot happened in astronomy, that we know about. The next astronomer to add pieces to the puzzle was a man named Aristotle (say Air-is-tot-ul). Visit us often for up to date information and cool new stuff! Email us with a question or a suggestion. Until you know everything, keep asking "Why?" Go to the top of this page. Go Back to Astronomy.Rocks! Intelligent Child home page TM Big People Stuff Astronomy.Rocks! Science Mysteries What in the World? ... Send us an eMail

17. Pythagoras [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Article which discusses the cosmological and ethical teachings associated with Pythagoras.Category Society Philosophy Philosophers pythagoras of samos...... Originally from Samos, Pythagoras founded at Kroton (in southern Italy) a societywhich was at once a religious community and a scientific school. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/p/pythagor.htm

Pythagoras (fl. 530 BCE.) It is stated that he was a disciple of Anaximander, his astronomy was the natural development of Anaximander's. Also, the way in which the Pythagorean geometry developed also bears witness to its descent from that of Miletos. The great problem at this date was the duplication of the square, a problem which gave rise to the theorem of the square on the hypotenuse, commonly known still as the Pythagorean proposition (Euclid, I. 47). If we were right in assuming that Thales worked with the old 3:4:5 triangle, the connection is obvious. IEP

18. Mathematicians - Pythagoras of Samos pythagoras of samos. Not much is known about Pythagoras and nothing abouthis life and work can be proven. Probably, he lived around 500 BC. http://ch172.thinkquest.hostcenter.ch/mathematicians9.html

Intro Leonhard Euler Pierre de Fermat Carl Friedrich Gauss ... Emmy Noether Pythagoras of Samos Bertrand Russell Mandelbrot and Sierpinski Game Books and Links ... Mathematicians Pythagoras of Samos Not much is known about Pythagoras and nothing about his life and work can be proven. Probably, he lived around 500 BC. He may have studied Babylonian and Egyptian mathematics while traveling in those areas. He was particularly interested in geometry and number theory on which he also did some important research. The Pythagorean theorem and the Pythagorean Number Triplets are named after him. We know, however, quite a lot about the Pythagorean schools. Their students thought about philosophical questions like reincarnation and studied sciences, especially mathematics and astronomy. (Astronomy was part of mathematics back then). They made many new discoveries on these subjects. The Pythagoreans were also politically active. One of their most famous members was the philosopher Plato. It is remarkable that women too were admitted. A couple of hundred years later, the wide spread attitude about women was that they are backwards in physical and mental strength and if you educate them, they only get chattery to top it off. Also read about the Pythagoran theorem and more about its history Previous Next contact ... View this page in German

19. Pre-Socratic Philosophers - Pythagoras Of Samos What we can reasonably guess about pythagoras of samos and the Pythagorean philosophersconcerning his biography, his vegetarianism, and his belief in http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa011299.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement The Presocratic Philosophers Pythagoras of Samos ( c c .480 B.C.) Related Resources Quotes Mathematics Religion/Mysticism Dateline: 01/12/99 Once, they say, he Pythagoras was passing by when a dog was being ill-treated. 'Stop!' he said, 'don't hit it! It is the soul of a friend! I knew it when I heard its voice.' Xenophanes Pythagoras is, according to J.V. Luce ("Introduction to Greek Philosophy"), the most familiar of the Pre-Socratics , yet we know surprisingly little about him. Many assume he didn't write, but we don't even know that for sure. We believe the brotherhood, in homage to their founder, attributed later discoveries to Pythagoras, and we know the brotherhood kept close guard on its activities. Even so, Luce believes we can still make fair guesses about Pythagoras' beliefs and biography.

20. Pythagoras Of Samos pythagoras of samos ?. http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/people/p_pythagoras/

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