1. Isis 61, 1970-80, 1989 Into Hostile Political Camps The Reorganization of International Science in WorldWar I, in Isis 62, 1971, p. 47 Richard I. HARPER, prophatius Judaeus and http://www.phil.uni-erlangen.de/~p1ges/zfhm/isis3.html

Isis bearbeitet von Stuart Jenks "Magazine Stacks", to which this file belongs, is a protected databank. The law on protected databanks prohibits commercial use as well as mirroring (copying onto other servers) even if for purposes of academic instruction. If you would like to subscribe to this journal, please contact: University of Chicago Press Journals Division P.O. Box 37005 Chicago, IL, 60637 USA Oder besuchen Sie die Netzseite des Verlags: Or click onto the publisher's website: University of Chicago Press ZDB-Link Isis 61, 1970 Martin J.S. R UDWICK The Strategy of Lyell's Principles of Geology, in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 5 J. Brookes S PENCER On the Varieties of Nineteenth-Century Magneto-Optical Discovery , in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 34 John E. F LETCHER Astronomy in the Life and Correspondence of Athanasius Kircher , in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 52 John L YON , in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 68 Albert V. C AROZZI Robert Hooke, Rudolf Erich Raspe and the Concept of "Earthquakes" , in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 85 Lay Yong L AM The Geometrical Basis of Ancient Chinese Square-Root Method , in: Isis 61, 1970, p. 92

2. TIMELINE 13th CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE CHRONOLOGY of the History of Science Fiction, Science, and Fantasy from 1200 A.D. to 1300 A.D. Sid of Toledo; and Jacob ben Machir (known as "prophatius", also of the Tibbon family) Smith, pp.209210 who invented http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline13.html

TIMELINE 13th CENTURY Return to Timeline Table of Contents Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents TIMELINE 13th CENTURY May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are hotlinks here to authors, magazines, films, or television items elsewhere in the Ultimate Science Fiction Web Guide or beyond. Most recently updated: 27 May 2000 (27 expanded to 48 Kilobytes). It also utilizes facts from Volume I of D.E. Smith's "History of Mathematics" [(c) 1921 by David Eugene Smith; (c) 1951 by May Luse Smith; New York: Dover, 1958]. Arguably the best book on the century is "The Thirteenth, Greatest of Centuries" by J. J. Walsh [New York, 1907]. 13th Century: Executive Summary This Century marks the final flowering of Chivalry: Armored Knights on horseback, and the bloody Fourth through Eighth Crusades .... What are they to Science Fiction ? The best Science Fiction novel about this era is surely: * The High Crusade , by Poul Anderson [48,500 word serial in Astounding Science Fiction, July/Aug/Sep 1960; Doubleday, 1960, hardcover 192 pages, $2.95; Toronto: Doubleday/Dolphin, 1962, $0.95; Macfadden-Bartel #50-211, 1964, 160 pages, $0.50, ed. Samuel H. Post; Macfadden-Bartel #60-399, 1968, 160 pages, $0.60, ed. Samuel H. Post; Translations: French, German, Italian] An English knight captures an alien spaceship, and leads crusaders to conquer the stars. Terrible, botched film adaptation. From a

3. ONE BOOK, 1393 YEARS - A History Of The Almagest Montpellier, with help of Jacob ben Machir (prophatius), a physician in Montpellier, translate Arzarquiel's Azafea into http://www.star-names.freeserve.co.uk/almagest.html

ONE BOOK, 1393 YEARS - A history of the Almagest 1.1 Introduction One book dominated astronomy for nearly one-thousand four-hundred years. This was the Almagest of Claudius Ptolemy. Why was just one book so influential and so dominant that it took so long to be surpassed? 1.2 Ptolemy Ptolemy lived in Egypt in the period when it was part of the Roman Empire. We know very little about him personally and the dates of his life (AD.100 to 178) are only approximate. He worked in the city of Alexandria. Alexandria is located on the northern (Mediterranean) coast of Egypt. It was a city renowned for learning and had a famous library and museum. Possibly, Ptolemy himself worked in one or other of these institutions. Ptolemy wrote in Greek, which was the scientific and philosophical language of his day. He is famous for writing many books on scientific subjects. These are: "Mathematical Syntaxis" (The Almagest) Astronomy "On the Apprations of the Fixed Stars and a Collection of Prognostics" Astronomy

4. Tibbon Jacob ben Tibbon is also known as prophatius. He was a distinugished Jewish medicalman who worked in the medical faculty of the University of Monpellier. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Tibbon.html

Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon Born: 1236 in Marseilles, Spain (now France) Died: 1312 in Montpellier, France Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Jacob ben Tibbon is also known as Prophatius. He was a distinugished Jewish medical man who worked in the medical faculty of the University of Monpellier. He was the grandson of Samuel ben Judah ibn Tibbon who is famed as a translator. Jacob ben Tibbon is himself known as a translator as well as a mathematician and an astronomer. He translated into Hebrew many Arabic versions of Greek works, Euclid 's Elements Ptolemy 's Almagest as well as certain Arabic works by al-Ghazali and others. He wrote Jacob's Quadrant in which he describes a quadrant of his own invention. This work contains a table of 11 fixed stars which are to be used in the construction of the instrument. Jacob ben Tibbon also wrote Luhot (Tables) a book of astronomical tables giving ascensions of certain stars at Paris. These tables are mentioned in Dante's Divine Comedy.

5. PQ Index 69*) Privalov, Ivan (150*) Privat de Molières, Joseph (216) Proclus Diadochus(1316) Prthudakasvami (263) Prony, Gaspard de (1015*) prophatius (ben Tibbon http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/PQ.html

Names beginning with P or Q The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. Pacioli , Luca (1980*) , Henri (1369*) Padoa , Alessandro (365) Paige , Constantin Le (314*) , Paul (111*) Paley , Raymond (491) Paman , Roger (1934) Panini Papin , Denis (492*) Pappus of Alexandria (2265) Paramesvara , Paramesvara (776) Pars , Leopold (328*) Parseval Pascal, Blaise Pascal, Etienne Pasch , Moritz (132*) Pastor , Julio Rey (404*) Patodi , Vijay (445*) Pauli , Wolfgang (2320*) Peacock , George (594*) Peano , Giuseppe (2385*) Pearson , Egon (1507*) Pearson , Karl (257*) Peirce, Benjamin Peirce, Charles Pell, Anna (Wheeler) (516*) Pell, John Penney , Bill (480*) Penrose , Roger (2335*) , Joseph (437) Perron , Oskar (534*) Perseus Personne , G de Roberval (349) Petersen , Julius (133*) Peterson , Karl (211*) Petit Petrovsky , Ivan (327*) Petryshyn , Volodymyr (282*) Petzval Peurbach , Georg (202) Pfaff , Johann (929*) Pfeiffer , Georgii (226*) Philon of Byzantium (737) Picard, Emile Picard, Jean Pieri , Mario (536) Piero della Francesca (540*) Pillai , K C Sreedharan (362*) Piero della Francesca (540*) Pincherle , Salvatore (446*) Pisano , Leonardo Fibonacci (2223*) Pitiscus , Bartholomeo (172) Plana , Giovanni (900*) Planck , Max (788*) Plateau , Joseph (114*) Plato Playfair , John (2916*) Pless , Vera (1478*) Plessner , Abraham (442*) , Julius (177*) , J Henri (3011*) Poinsot , Louis (867*) Poisson Poleni , Giovanni (152) Polozii , Georgii (213) , George (3395*) Poncelet , Jean-Victor (252*) Pontryagin , Lev (1470*) Poretsky , Platon (227*) Porphyry , Malchus (763*)

6. PQ Index Prony, Gaspard de (1015*). prophatius (ben Tibbon) (198). Prüfer, Heinz (41) http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/PQ.html

Names beginning with P or Q The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. Pacioli , Luca (1980*) , Henri (1369*) Padoa , Alessandro (365) Paige , Constantin Le (314*) , Paul (111*) Paley , Raymond (491) Paman , Roger (1934) Panini Papin , Denis (492*) Pappus of Alexandria (2265) Paramesvara , Paramesvara (776) Pars , Leopold (328*) Parseval Pascal, Blaise Pascal, Etienne Pasch , Moritz (132*) Pastor , Julio Rey (404*) Patodi , Vijay (445*) Pauli , Wolfgang (2320*) Peacock , George (594*) Peano , Giuseppe (2385*) Pearson , Egon (1507*) Pearson , Karl (257*) Peirce, Benjamin Peirce, Charles Pell, Anna (Wheeler) (516*) Pell, John Penney , Bill (480*) Penrose , Roger (2335*) , Joseph (437) Perron , Oskar (534*) Perseus Personne , G de Roberval (349) Petersen , Julius (133*) Peterson , Karl (211*) Petit Petrovsky , Ivan (327*) Petryshyn , Volodymyr (282*) Petzval Peurbach , Georg (202) Pfaff , Johann (929*) Pfeiffer , Georgii (226*) Philon of Byzantium (737) Picard, Emile Picard, Jean Pieri , Mario (536) Piero della Francesca (540*) Pillai , K C Sreedharan (362*) Piero della Francesca (540*) Pincherle , Salvatore (446*) Pisano , Leonardo Fibonacci (2223*) Pitiscus , Bartholomeo (172) Plana , Giovanni (900*) Planck , Max (788*) Plateau , Joseph (114*) Plato Playfair , John (2916*) Pless , Vera (1478*) Plessner , Abraham (442*) , Julius (177*) , J Henri (3011*) Poinsot , Louis (867*) Poisson Poleni , Giovanni (152) Polozii , Georgii (213) , George (3395*) Poncelet , Jean-Victor (252*) Pontryagin , Lev (1470*) Poretsky , Platon (227*) Porphyry , Malchus (763*)

7. TIBBON, Jakob Ben Makir Translate this page In allen Wissenschaften bewandert genoß er hohes Ansehen bei Juden und Nichtjuden.J. ist auch unter dem Namen Don Profiat oder prophatius Judaeus bekannt. http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/t/tibbon_j_b_m.shtml

Verlag Traugott Bautz www.bautz.de/bbkl Bestellmöglichkeiten des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Zur Hauptseite des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Abkürzungsverzeichnis des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Bibliographische Angaben für das Zitieren ... NEU: Unser E-News Service Wir informieren Sie regelmäßig über Neuigkeiten und Änderungen per E-Mail. Helfen Sie uns, das BBKL aktuell zu halten! Band XII (1997) Spalten 25-27 Autor: Udo Tavares Werke: A) Überss., Mathematik und Astronomie (1) Euklid »Sefer ha-yesodot« (Elementa) ca. 1255 (2) Euklid »Sefer ha-matanot« (Data) 1272 (3) Euklid » illuf ha-mabbatim« (Optik) (4) Qust ibn L q »Al-'Amal bial-kurra al-Nuj miyya«, »Maamar be-khaddur ha-shamayim be- ugim« (Traktat über die Armillarsphäre) 1256 (5) Ibn al-Haitham »Quawl f Hay'at-'Alam«, »Maamar ba-tekhuna« oder »Sefer ha-tekhuna« (Traktat der Astronomie) 1. Hälfte d. 70iger J. d. 13 Jh.s (6) A mad ibn al-Saff r »Kit b al-'Amal bi al-Asturlab«, »Maamar be-shimmush ha-atz erolab« (Traktat über den Gebrauch des Astrolabs) (7) Autolycos von Pitane »Maamar alqus ba-kaddur bi-tenua« (Traktat des Autolycos über die Bewegung der Sphäre) 1273 (8) Menelaos von Alexandrien »Sefer Mileus ba-temunot ha-kadduriyyot« (Traktat über die Sphären) 1273? (9) J

8. Boulliau - Historical Biography - Primary Sources - Boulliau Home Page - Ismael Parmi les déterminations rapportées ailleurs de cette obliquité, il citecelle du juif prophatius qui, en 1300, trouvait 23 degrés 32 minutes. http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/11-ResearchProjects/boulliau/bio-hist

Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre Histoire de l'astronomie moderne 2 vols Paris 1821 BOULLIAU - HISTORICAL - BIOGRAPHY J ean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre (1749-1822) the French astronomer and some-time historian of astronomy, was born in Amiens and died in Paris. Although as an accomplished astronomer he undertook detailed work on the planet Uranus, not to mention his work in computing new tables for the major planets, Delambre is perhaps best remembered (given the usual practice of science) as an historian of astronomy. Without doubt, this means his justly famous multiple-volume classic, Histoire de l'Astronomie Moderne Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre Histoire de l'Astronomie Moderne 2 vols Paris 1821 Selections: Vol 2: 142-172 [Excerpts] Boulliaud Philolai, sive Dissertationis de vero Systemate Mundi libri IV . Paris, 1634 Amsterdam, 1639. L A L D I I I E N [Antoine Deusingius .....]

9. TIBBON, Jakob Ben Makir J. ist auch unter dem Namen Don Profiat oder prophatius Judaeus bekannt. http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/t/tibbon_a.shtml

Verlag Traugott Bautz www.bautz.de/bbkl Bestellmöglichkeiten des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Zur Hauptseite des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Abkürzungsverzeichnis des Biographisch-Bibliographischen Kirchenlexikons Bibliographische Angaben für das Zitieren ... NEU: Unser E-News Service Wir informieren Sie regelmäßig über Neuigkeiten und Änderungen per E-Mail. Helfen Sie uns, das BBKL aktuell zu halten! Band XII (1997) Spalten 25-27 Autor: Udo Tavares Werke: A) Überss., Mathematik und Astronomie (1) Euklid »Sefer ha-yesodot« (Elementa) ca. 1255 (2) Euklid »Sefer ha-matanot« (Data) 1272 (3) Euklid » illuf ha-mabbatim« (Optik) (4) Qust ibn L q »Al-'Amal bial-kurra al-Nuj miyya«, »Maamar be-khaddur ha-shamayim be- ugim« (Traktat über die Armillarsphäre) 1256 (5) Ibn al-Haitham »Quawl f Hay'at-'Alam«, »Maamar ba-tekhuna« oder »Sefer ha-tekhuna« (Traktat der Astronomie) 1. Hälfte d. 70iger J. d. 13 Jh.s (6) A mad ibn al-Saff r »Kit b al-'Amal bi al-Asturlab«, »Maamar be-shimmush ha-atz erolab« (Traktat über den Gebrauch des Astrolabs) (7) Autolycos von Pitane »Maamar alqus ba-kaddur bi-tenua« (Traktat des Autolycos über die Bewegung der Sphäre) 1273 (8) Menelaos von Alexandrien »Sefer Mileus ba-temunot ha-kadduriyyot« (Traktat über die Sphären) 1273? (9) J

10. The Saphea Arzachelis It was called the Saphea Arzachelis by Profat Tibbon (Jacob ben Makir), betterknown under the name of prophatius Judaeus, in a treatise dated 1263. http://www.astrolabes.org/SAPHEA.HTM

The Saphea Arzachelis Many would argue that the highest level ever achieved by the astrolabe was an instrument style introduced by Gemma Frisius (1508-1555) in Louvain, Belgium in the middle of the 16th century. This instrument, called the "Astrolbum (sic) Catholicum" by Gemma, included innovations in the instrument itself and a standard of artistic execution that greatly influenced European instrument manufacturing. Hans Dorn (1430-1509) of Vienna produced an astrolabe in 1486 with virtually the same format as the Astrolabum Catholicum (the instrument survives and is in Poland). There is no way of knowing whether Gemma ever saw or heard of Dorn's astrolabe and simultaneous inventions in a time of rapid progress are not unusual. Gemma's "Astrolabum Catholicum" was an attempt to make an astronomical instrument that could be used anywhere by a wide range of users. An ordinary astrolabe requires a separate plate for each latitude which makes it impractical to produce an instrument that can be used anywhere at reasonable cost and convenience of use. In addition, the ordinary astrolabe, as flexible as it is, is not well suited for certain types of problems, particularly those expressed in celestial latitude and longitude. In order to overcome these shortcomings, Gemma Frisius designed an instrument that had an ordinary astrolabe on one side and adopted a form of astrolabe that can be used at any latitude for the other side and included a magnetic compass in the throne. This form makes a lot of sense since different problems are better suited for one type of astrolabe or the other.

11. Listes Des Collections Patrimoniales De L'Observatoire De Paris Mittelalter auch als Albategnius bezeichnet, desgleichen asZarqali als Arzachel und Jakob ben Machir als prophatius. http://wwwusr.obspm.fr/monseign/patrimoine/instruments/instruments%20C.htm

OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS Les Collections Patrimoniales 1ère Page Accueil Instruments Sculptures ... E F G H I J K L M N ... T U V W X Y Z CADRAN ASTRONOMIQUE dit de PROPHATIUS Turquie, 19° siècle P.I.A. 19.39 Photographie en attente   CADRAN LUNAIRE Chine, ca 1800 / / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.47 CADRAN SOLAIRE Padoue, 1787 / J.Toaldo P.I.A. 18.35 CADRAN SOLAIRE Séoul, ca 1800 / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.52 CADRAN SOLAIRE DE JARDIN France, 18° siècle / Le Maire P.I.A. 18.45 CADRAN SOLAIRE DE POCHE EQUINOXIAL Munich, 1959 P.I.A. 20.44 Photographie en attente CADRAN SOLAIRE DIPTYQUE Augsbourg, 1581 / C. Schissler P.I.A. 16.2 CADRAN SOLAIRE DIPTYQUE Dieppe, ca 1666 / C. Bloud P.I.A. 17.6 CADRAN SOLAIRE DRAPEAU 1984 / fac-similé P.I.A. 20.12 Photographie en attente CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL Nuremberg, 1578 / W. Jamnitzer P.I.A. 16.5 CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL Canton ( Chine ), ca 1800 / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.46 CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL 1984 / fac-similé P.I.A. 20.10 Photographie en attente CALIBRES GRADUES EN PIEDS ET DES OUTILS EN BRONZE POUR OPTICIENS 18° siècle P.I.A. 18.70

12. The Astrolabe Quadrant reduced to a quadrant with no moving parts was in 1288 by Jacob ben Mahir ibn Tibbon(12361304), more widely known by his Latin name of prophatius Judaeus or http://www.astrolabes.org/QUADRANT.HTM

The Astrolabe Quadrant The earliest known description of an astrolabe reduced to a quadrant with no moving parts was in 1288 by Jacob ben Mahir ibn Tibbon (1236-1304), more widely known by his Latin name of Prophatius Judaeus or Profeit Tibbon. Tibbon's treatise was quickly improved by Peter Nightingale whose account received wide distribution. The instrument was quickly named the quadrans novus (new quadrant) to differentiate it from the traditional quadrant or quadrans vetus (old quadrant). The basic idea behind the idea of the quadrans novus is that the stereographic projection that defines the components of a planispheric astrolabe is just as valid if the astrolabe parts are folded into a single quadrant. The result is an instrument that can perform many of the functions of a standard astrolabe at much lower cost, but without the intuitive representation of the sky provided by the rotating rete,. It is not clear how popular the astrolabe quadrant became as few examples survive. There were, however, a number of treatises on the instrument so there is reason to believe that many were made, perhaps of cardboard or wood. Further, it is possible that brass quadrants were not as highly prized as true astrolabes due to their simplicity and were recycled into other instruments. The astrolabe quadrant was more popular in the Ottoman Empire from the 17th century until the early 20th century The astrolabe quadrant in the picture is not a specific instrument but contains the arcs and scales that can be considered typical on a 14th or 15th century

13. Listes Des Collections Patrimoniales De L'Observatoire De Paris Translate this page _. CADRAN ASTRONOMIQUE dit de prophatius Turquie, 19° siècle PIA 19.39 Photographieen attente. CADRAN LUNAIRE Chine, ca 1800 / / Anonyme PIA 18.47. http://wwwusr.obspm.fr/monseign/patrimoine/instruments/instruments C.htm

OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS Les Collections Patrimoniales 1ère Page Accueil Instruments Sculptures ... E F G H I J K L M N ... T U V W X Y Z CADRAN ASTRONOMIQUE dit de PROPHATIUS Turquie, 19° siècle P.I.A. 19.39 Photographie en attente   CADRAN LUNAIRE Chine, ca 1800 / / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.47 CADRAN SOLAIRE Padoue, 1787 / J.Toaldo P.I.A. 18.35 CADRAN SOLAIRE Séoul, ca 1800 / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.52 CADRAN SOLAIRE DE JARDIN France, 18° siècle / Le Maire P.I.A. 18.45 CADRAN SOLAIRE DE POCHE EQUINOXIAL Munich, 1959 P.I.A. 20.44 Photographie en attente CADRAN SOLAIRE DIPTYQUE Augsbourg, 1581 / C. Schissler P.I.A. 16.2 CADRAN SOLAIRE DIPTYQUE Dieppe, ca 1666 / C. Bloud P.I.A. 17.6 CADRAN SOLAIRE DRAPEAU 1984 / fac-similé P.I.A. 20.12 Photographie en attente CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL Nuremberg, 1578 / W. Jamnitzer P.I.A. 16.5 CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL Canton ( Chine ), ca 1800 / Anonyme P.I.A. 18.46 CADRAN SOLAIRE HORIZONTAL 1984 / fac-similé P.I.A. 20.10 Photographie en attente CALIBRES GRADUES EN PIEDS ET DES OUTILS EN BRONZE POUR OPTICIENS 18° siècle P.I.A. 18.70

14. CHRISTOPH MARX ILLIG GOETHE Translate this page 5. Al-Batani wurde im lateinischen Mittelalter auch als Albategnius bezeichnet,desgleichen as-Zarqali als Arzachel und Jakob ben Machir als prophatius. http://www.dbs.informatik.uni-muenchen.de/~krojer/uranus.html

von Franz Krojer Und ein paar Anmerkungen: 5. Al-Batani wurde im lateinischen Mittelalter auch als Albategnius bezeichnet, desgleichen as-Zarqali als Arzachel und Jakob ben Machir als Prophatius. Literatur Brosche, Peter: Astronomie der Goethezeit, Textsammlung aus Zeitschriften und Briefen Franz Xaver von Zachs, Thun und Frankfurt am Main 1995; hier: Die Entdeckung der Ceres, Monatliche Correspondenz Gotha 1801. Ekrutt, Joachim W.: Die Kleinen Planeten, Planetoide und ihre Entdeckungsgeschiche, Stuttgart 1977. Toomer, G. J.: Ptolemy's Almagest, Princeton 1998. Voigt, Hans-Heinrich: Das Universum, Stuttgart 1994 (Reclam). Waerden, B. L. van der: Die Astronomie der Griechen, Darmstadt 1988. Last Modified: 2000-Aug-04

15. Welcome To RealOlam.com ! - Jewish Community ISP, Exclusive News And Content Jacob ben Machir ibn Tibbon Born 1236 in Marseilles, Spain (now France) Died1312 in Montpellier, France Jacob ben Tibbon is also known as prophatius. http://www.realolam.com/channels/default.asp?channel=45&linkid=302

16. Welcome To RealOlam.com ! - Jewish Community ISP, Exclusive News And Content Born 1236 in Marseilles, Spain (now France) Died 1312 in Montpellier,France Jacob ben Tibbon is also known as prophatius. He http://www.realolam.com/channels/default.asp?channel=45&articleid=3744

17. Hispanic Translation History, 13th Century 1263 Johannes Brixiensis, in Montpellier, with help of Jacob ben Machir (prophatius),a physician in Montpellier, translate Arzarquiel's Azafea into Latin. http://www.fut.es/~apym/on-line/chronology/13.html

ATTEMPT AT A CHRONOLOGY OF HISPANIC TRANSLATION HISTORY THIRTEENTH CENTURY 1200 Accursius de Parma translates Galen's De Virtutibus cibariorum. c.1200 Gaufridus de Vinosalvo (Geoffrey de Vinsauf) visits Rome and Spain. c.1200/47 Philippus (Clericus) Tripolotanus translates pseudo-Aristotle's Secreta secretorum for Guido de Valentia, Bishop of Tripoli. He is ordered to translate 'sometimes literally and sometimes according to the sense, for the Arabs have one idiom and the Latins another'. 1202 Leonardo of Pisa writes his Liber abaci, introducing Hindu-Arabic numerals. 1204 Constantinople falls to Rome. 1206 Anonymous Latin translation of Ptolemy's Quadripartitum. 1208 Prohibition of a disputatio between Christians and Jews in Paris. 1208-1247 Rodericus Toletanus (Jimenez) is archbishop of Toledo. 1209-1229 Innocent III's campaign against the Albigeois. 1209-1210 Marcus Toledanus, canon at the Toledo cathedral, translates the Qur'an at the request of don Mauricio (archdeacon of Toledo and bishop-elect of Burgos) and archbishop Rodericus of Toledo. The translator is said to have traveled to Montpellier and Salerno in order to study medicine. 1210 Council of Paris prohibits the reading of Aristotle's books on natural philosophy as well as all commentaries on them. The Aristotelian texts arriving in Paris are mostly from Constantinople and translated from Greek into Latin.

18. La Médecine Hébraïque Translate this page Metz) - Gershon Ben Shlomo à Arles - Samuel ben Tibbon (fin du XII e siècle),enseignant à Montpellier, - Nathan ben Zakharia dit prophatius (XIIe - XIIIe http://perso.club-internet.fr/jgourdol/Medecins/MedecinsTextes/medhebra.html

o L L L a Torah a deux dimensions: L L L L Depuis D L D "Si ces châtiments ne vous corrigent point et si vous me résistez j'enverrai la peste au milieu de vous, et vous serez livrés aux mains de l'ennemi." E "Le tout-Puissant fait la plaie et il la bande; il blesse et sa main guérit". A "Si tu n'obéis point à la voix de l'Eternel, ton Dieu; l'Eternel attachera à toi la peste, jusqu'à ce qu'elle te consume. L'Eternel te frappera de l'ulcère d'Egypte, d'hémorroïdes, de gale et de teigne dont tu ne pourras guérir." L Talmud ("enseignement" en hébreu), expression à l'échelle de la vie quotidienne de la loi édictée sur le mont Sinaï et servant de code du droit judaïque. Le Talmud L L C - Chez les juifs, la circoncision n'est pratiquée QUE par des rabbins appelés "Mohel" (spécialistes des règles de pureté inhérentes à la circoncision et à la technique elle-même). Certains juifs "réformistes" demandent à des chirurgiens de la pratiquer à leurs nouveaux nés à l'hôpital, sous anesthésie

19. PQ Index 331) Pringsheim, Alfred (69*) Privalov, Ivan (150*) Privat de Molières, Joseph (216)Proclus Diadochus (1316) Prony, Gaspard de (1015*) prophatius (ben Tibbon http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~algebra/history/history/Indexes/PQ.html

20. ROG: Navigation & Knowledge Both sides of this example are engraved as a prophatius, or astrolabic,quadrant. This enables it to be used to determine the time. http://212.219.145.17/education/bhm/nav3.html

Home South East Asia Compasses Links Astronomy ... Online Exhibits : Black History Month Transmission of Knowledge Curated by Emily Winterburn and Rob Warren Page Chinese Planisphere, 1780 This is called Huangdao zongxingtu meaning 'the celestial map divided according to the ecliptic'. The southern hemisphere lies on the left, the northern hemisphere to the right. Winter is at the top of both hemispheres, autumn lies in the middle, summer is situated at the bottom, while spring is at the outside edges. Quadrant, Indo-Persian, probably 17th century A quadrant is an instrument for measuring the angle above the horizon of a celestial object. Both sides of this example are engraved as a prophatius, or astrolabic, quadrant. This enables it to be used to determine the time. This example is also engraved for two latitudes allowing it to be used in two separate locations. Sundial, 1806 This type of sundial was made in Europe for the Islamic market. Besides the use of Arabic script, the other important difference is that it shows the direction of Mecca, as well as the time. Sometimes such dials also include a reminder of prayer times. Page Please send any comments, questions or suggestions to us via our

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