61. P AUTHOR peurbach, georg von TITLE Theoricarum novarum textus URL http//gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n052709SITE Gallica Bibliothèque http://eee.uci.edu/~papyri/bibliography/p.html

A B C D ... Anon P AUTHOR Pace, Giulio TITLE Jul. Pacii Artis Lulianae emendatae libri IV URL http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n072759 NOTES Dpr of the 1631 Naples edition; downloadable pdf and tiff formats AUTHOR Pacheco, Diego TITLE Lusitaniae Regis etc., per clarissimum Juris V consultum Dieghum Pacettum oratorem ad Julium II ponti Max., anno Domini, M.D.V. pridie no junii URL http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n058931 NOTES Dpr of the 1505 edition; downloadable pdf and tiff formats AUTHOR Pacioli, Luca TITLE URL http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/pacioli_prototype/PACIOENG.HTM SITE Dedicated site (?) NOTES Dpr of the 1494 Venice edition AUTHOR Paenss, Dom. Abbas TITLE Elogium funebre R. P. D. Laurentii Ricci, Societatis Jesu Praepositi Generalis URL NOTES Dpr Journal zur Kuntsgeschichte und zur allgemeinen Litterature 1776:1, pp. 277-334 AUTHOR Pagnino, Sante TITLE Hebraicarum institutionum libri IV ex rabbi D. Kimchi URL http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/ConsultationTout.exe?O=n093031 NOTES Dpr of the 1526 Lyon edition; downloadable pdf and tiff formats AUTHOR Pagnino, Sante

62. 1250-1500 1453. Fall of Constantinople. 1460. georg von peurbach (arithmetic, astronomy,table of sines). 1470. Regiomontanus or Johann Muller (trigonometry). 1478. http://euphrates.wpunj.edu/courses/math21180/chrono09.htm

Home Up Before 3000 BC 3000-2000 BC ... 500-0 BC Sacrobosco (Hindu-Arabic numerals, sphere); Nasir ed-din (trigonometry, parallel postulate); Roger Bacon (eulogized mathematics); Ch'in Kiu-shao (indeterminate equations, symbol for zero, Horner 's method ); Li Yeh (notation for negative numbers); rise of European universities. Campanus (translation of Euclid's Elements , geometry); Yang Hui (decimal fractions, earliest extant presentation of Pascal's arith­metic triangle); reign of Kublai Kahn began. Marco Polo began his travels. Invention of eyeglasses (approximately). Chu Shih-Chieh (algebra, numerical solution of equations, Pascal's arithmetic triangle). Thomas Bradwardine (arithmetic, geometry, star polygons). Black Death destroyed a large part of the European population. Nicole Oresme (coordinates, fractional exponents). Joan of Arc burned. Ulugh Beg (trigonometric tables). Nicholas Cusa (geometry, calendar reform); printing from movable type. Fall of Constantinople Georg von Peurbach (arithmetic, astronomy, table of sines).

63. Pedro Nunes E A Ciência Do Seu Tempo - Resumo Da Sessão De José Chabas Translate this page parcial al portugués y del que publicó un extenso comentario en latín la Theoricaenovae planetarum, una obra compuesta por georg peurbach hacia 1460 y http://www.spm.pt/~pedronunes/ci/Resumos/joseChabas.html

Resumo spm@spm.pt Contactos pedronunes@spm.pt

64. International Conference On Astronomical Instruments And Archives In Cheongju 20 KamWing FUNG (Hong Kong) The transmission of georg von peurbach's theoricae novaeplanetarum (new theory of the planets) in 17th century China JOCHI Shigeru http://nhamuseum.org/conference2002/english.html

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS AND ARCHIVES FROM THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION IN COMMEMORATION OF THE INAUGURATION OF THE NHA IL-SEONG MUSEUM OF ASTRONOMY CHEONGJU, KOREA 2~5 JULY 2002 Program Sessions Organising Committee Information for Participants ... Registration PROGRAM (as of 18 June, 2002) Date Schedule 1 July Registration 2 July Opening ceremony Group Photograph Lunch Session 1 Tea Break Session 2 Welcome Banquet 3 July Session 3 Tea Break Session 4 Visiting Hankook Chinaware Co., Ltd. Lunch Visiting Show Room The Early Printing Museum of Cheongju Tour Evening Conference OC meeting 4 July Session 5 Tea Break Session 6 Lunch Cheongju National Museum tour Visiting Nha Museum of Astronomy 5 July Session 7 Tea Break Session 8 Lunch Session 9 Cheongju National Museum tour Closing Dinner 6 July Departure Move to the top SESSIONS Session 1. Archives and Historiography (Chairperson: Suzanne DEBARBAT) Wolfgang DICK (Germany) "Mining the internet: online sources for history of astronomy in the Asia-Pacific region" Gopal KILAMBI (India) "Archiving Hyderabad Zone data from the Carte du Ciel project" "The ATNF Historic Photographic Archive: documenting the history of Australian radio astronomy" Session 2. Astronomers and History

65. NAMES AND DATES 14801554 Petersen, Olaf 1493-1552 Petrarch, Francesco 1304-1374 Petrie, WilliamMatthew Flinders 1853-1942 peurbach, georg 1423-1469 Peutinger, Konrad 1465 http://members.cox.net/dsleslie1/names.htm

ÞE OL' PHILOSOPHY SHOPPE Your Source for Discounted Ideas Dana S. Leslie, Proprietress Email: Þe Ol' Philosophy Shoppe Browse Þe Ol' Philosophy Shoppe Main Page Philosophy and Theology History and Genealogy Religion, Occultism, and Spirituality ... Books NAMES AND DATES I began compiling this list of names and dates as a quick reference tool for myself, in the days before personal internet access put an end to the difficulty of obtaining reference materials for the blind. But, once I started, I saw no reason to stop once i did obtain internet access. Of course, like most such lists, it's grown way out of hand. (Grin) SECTION LINKS A B C D ... Z Names and Dates A Abelard, Peter 1079-1142 Abrabanel, Isaac 1437-1508 Abulafia, Abraham ben samuel 1240?-1291 Acheson, Dean Gooderham 1893-1971 Adams, Abigail 1744-1818 Adams, Charles Francis, III, 1866- Adams, Charles Francis, Jr. 1835-1915 Adams, Charles Francis, Sr. 1807-1886 Adams, Henry Brooks 1838-1918 Adams, John 1735-1826 Adams, John Quincy 1767-1848 Adams, Samuel 1722-1803 Addams, Jane 1860-1935

66. OU History Of Science locally printed books was low in comparison with the Continent; for example, Englandappears never to have had its own version of georg peurbach’s Theoricae http://www.ou.edu/cas/hsci/doctoral-Abstracts.htm

fall 2002 course list spring 2003 course list fall 2002 class websites undergraduate minor ... norman, ok D octoral C andidates A bstracts Mark Eddy Supervisors: Marilyn B. Ogilvie and Kenneth L. Taylor Architects of the Self: Social Scientists and the Construction of the Individual in Postwar America ABSTRACT Back to top Tofigh Heidarzadeh Supervisor: Peter Barker Cometary Theories from Newton to Laplace ABSTRACT The topic of my dissertation is the post-Newtonian cometary theories. Based on definitions and physical explanations of the comets in history of astronomy, I have divided my dissertation into three main chapters: 1) Comets as meteorological objects (from Aristotle to Brahe) 3) Comets as "regular" objects in the Solar System (from the early 19th century, following the passage of Halley in 1835) I will concentrate mostly on transition of the cometary theories from the second to the third period (above). Therefore, the first chapter will provide a general background, while chapter 2 and especially chapter 3 will seek those factors that caused a drastic change in our understanding of the comets. To demonstrate this change, I will try to show the interaction between observation, instrumentation and calculation in cometology of the 18th and 19th centuries. Back to top Maureen A. McCormick

67. ONE BOOK, 1393 YEARS - A History Of The Almagest In Vienna he met up with two German astronomers, georg peurbach (14231461)and Johann Müller, also known as Regiomontanus (1436-1476). http://www.star-names.freeserve.co.uk/almagest.html

ONE BOOK, 1393 YEARS - A history of the Almagest 1.1 Introduction One book dominated astronomy for nearly one-thousand four-hundred years. This was the Almagest of Claudius Ptolemy. Why was just one book so influential and so dominant that it took so long to be surpassed? 1.2 Ptolemy Ptolemy lived in Egypt in the period when it was part of the Roman Empire. We know very little about him personally and the dates of his life (AD.100 to 178) are only approximate. He worked in the city of Alexandria. Alexandria is located on the northern (Mediterranean) coast of Egypt. It was a city renowned for learning and had a famous library and museum. Possibly, Ptolemy himself worked in one or other of these institutions. Ptolemy wrote in Greek, which was the scientific and philosophical language of his day. He is famous for writing many books on scientific subjects. These are: "Mathematical Syntaxis" (The Almagest) Astronomy "On the Apprations of the Fixed Stars and a Collection of Prognostics" Astronomy

68. Regiomontanus Translate this page A los 11 años ingresó a la Universidad de Leipzig ya los 16 se marchó a Vienaen donde estudió con georg von peurbach, en 1461 fue nombrado profesor de http://almaak.tripod.com/biografias/regiomontanus.htm

Astronomía Autodidacta PRINCIPAL Johann Müller Regiomontanus © 2001. Carlos Andrés Carvajal T. Astrónomo Autodidacta. Johann Regiomontanus cuyo nombre verdadero fue Johann Müller de Königsberg (Regiomontanus es la versión latina del mismo Königsberg = "King's mountain") nació el 6 Junio de 1436 en Königsberg, Arzobispado de Mainz (ahora Alemania). A los 11 años ingresó a la Universidad de Leipzig y a los 16 se marchó a Viena en donde estudió con Georg von Peurbach, en 1461 fue nombrado profesor de astronomía en la Universidad de Viena ocupando el puesto de su profesor y en 1468 trabajó como astrónomo real del rey Matthias Corvinus de Hungría. Realizó importantes contribuciones a la trigonometría y astronomía y de hecho se considera como el iniciador de la trigonometría moderna. Su libro De Triangulis Omnimodis (1464) es un resumen sistemático de los métodos para estudiar los triángulos. Gran conocedor de los textos griegos, y estudioso de Euclides y Ptolomeo , realizó una rigurosa traducción latina del Almagesto , iniciada por su maestro Peuerbach, y expuso el sistema tolemaico en una obra con el título Epitome in Almagestum Regiomontanus construyó un observatorio en Nuremberg en 1471 patrocinado por Bernard Walther, además fundó una imprenta en la que publicó uno de los primeros calendarios completos con datos astronómicos sobre las posiciones del Sol y de la

69. History Of Mathematics: Web Resources Greek Astronomy Byzantine Astronomical Collection, Ptolemy, george Trebizond,Nasir adDin at-Tusi, georg peurbach and Johannes Regiomontanus. http://www.mat.ub.es/utilitats/linkshist.html

Per D.E. Joyce (djoyce@black.clarku.edu) Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Clark University. Resources that are availiable on internet come in several types. They are catagorized here as follows. History of mathematics pages on the web Multimedia exhibits Books on-line Articles on-line Biographies of mathematicians ... Other resources History of Mathematics pages on the web The Mathematical MacTutor History of Mathematics archive at the School of Mathematical and Compuational Sciences of the University of St Andrews . Includes more than 1000 biographies with major mathematicians listed alphabetically and chronologically , an index of topics , and a birthplace map David Wilkins's History of Mathematics pages. Includes excerpts from W. W. Rouse Ball's A Short Account of the History of Mathematics seventeenth and early eighteenth century mathematicians David E. Joyce's History of Mathematics pages Hypermedia Exhibits The Galileo Project IMSS, the Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence, Italy includes a multimedia catalogue of its Galileo room , a biography of Galileo , and short biographical texts of personalities in some way connected to the figure of Galileo. The

70. Libri Copisti E Stampatori Tra Roma E La Germania Translate this page della biblioteca del cardinale germano. Dalla Germania Bessarione portavaa Roma Giovanni Regiomontano, discepolo di georg peurbach. http://www.phil-hum-ren.uni-muenchen.de/GermLat/Acta/Bianca.htm

Concetta Bianca Libri copisti e stampatori tra Roma e la Germania [Index Actorum symposii] [Leitseite Kongress] [Homepage of the conference] "tam egregie scripsit" "ex primo originali correcto et auscultato per ipsius e greco in latinum traductore" : si tratta di un codice conservato a Stoccolma, come ha segnalato Parianne Pade, che fu allestito per Miguel Ferrer, segretario di Callisto III e possessore di un codice con le postille di Valla a Quintiliano. Ma nel valutare i copisti tedeschi qualcosa era cambiato: era cambiato il giudizio su di loro, ed erano cambiati i copisti tedeschi. Le scoperte che Poggio Bracciolini e i suoi amici curiali avevano operato a Costanza, la possibilità che nei monasteri della Germania si potessero scoprire nuovi tesori veniva a ribaltare l'attenzione nei confronti della stessa Germania. "Librarius quidam" scriveva con un certa noncuranza Poggio, come se fosse di secondaria importanza citare i nomi di questi rozzi copisti che sicuramente non avevano ancora aderito alla sua riforma scrittoria; "quidam secretarius cardinalis Ursini"

71. Monographia Vol. 7 by Claudius Ptolemaios (Ptolemy), Arab astronomy by Albohazen Haly, medievalastronomy by John Holywood, German humanist literature by georg peurbach. http://www.nkp.cz/start/knihcin/ORST/Miscellanea/Misc_monographia_9_en.html

Professional Activities Projects and Programmes New Monographia vol.9 Klára Komorová: Kni¾nica významného poµského ¹µachtica a bibliofila 16. storoèia Melchiora Krupeka The Library of an Oustanding 16-th Century Polish Aristocrat and Bibliophil Melchior Krupek). Praha: Národní knihovna, 2002. - 155s., 13 obr. pøíl. The work was aimed at exploring the life story of Melchior Krupek, an outstanding Polish aristocrat, and analysing his library. Melchior Krupek - His Life and Activities Melchior Krupek entered the cultural history of Poland as book lover and owner of a noteworthy humanist and Renaissance library. The chapter gives a basic profile of the library and a listing of preserved books. In total 108 book volumes were successfully identified representing 119 bibliographical positions. Books from the collection were preserved at the Piarist Library in Podolinec, at the National Library in Prague and at the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow. Two prints were found at the National Library in Warsaw. All books are easy to be identified being uniformely bound and provided with owner´s heraldic supralibros. The chapter Book Bindings of the Collection Analysis of the Library Collection as Regards Content forms the central part of the work. It gives a detailed assessment of the books from the preserved part of the collection from the viewpoint of individual scientifical branches. Melchior Krupek as adherent to the Calvinist reformed Church held in his library a large number of theological works - especially by authors of the same theological orientation. Among them at least the Swiss original reformers such as

72. QUESTION Medieval Arabic Astronomers Constructed 'zij'. What Was text for 3 centuries? . A. Thomas Aquinas B. Robert Grosseteste C.georg peurbach D. John of Sacrobosco, QUESTION. What led the Bishop http://astro.wsu.edu/allen/courses/astr150/Tests/self_test6.html

QUESTION Medieval Arabic astronomers constructed 'zij'. What was their function? A. Observing tool used to measure positions in the sky. B. A book of tables designed to simplify astronomical calculations C. Charts of stellar positions and brightnesses. D. Translation keys between Greek and Arabic languages. QUESTION The modern boundaries and names of constellations is largely due to this Arabic astronomer. A. Al-Khwarizmi B. Al-Battani C. Al-Sufi D. Ibn Yunus QUESTION What was Ibn Al-Haytham's (965-1040) criticism of Ptolemy's equant/deferant system? A. It violated the spirit of Plato's non-uniform motion. B. It gave inexact preditions of planetary positions. C. It was too complex, mathematically. D. It placed the Earth at the centre of the solar system. QUESTION Arabic astronomy benefitted from advances in mathematics over and above what the Greeks established. What nation were many of these advances inherited from? A. Babylonia B. China C. India D. Spain QUESTION What is the "Tusi couple"? A. The horizon circles on an astrolabe.

73. Pedro Nunes, 1502-1578: Fontes: Outras Translate this page manifestos. A versão original da Theorica novae tem origem nas aulasde Purbáquio - georg peurbach (1423-1461). Ficou completa http://bnd.bn.pt/ed/pedro-nunes/obras/fontes-p-nunes/pn_fontes_outras_55.asp

PURBACHIUS, Georgius, 1423-1461 Theoricae nouae planetarum / Georgii Purbachii astronomi celebratiiss. BN Paris LXXVIII 455 ; NUC NS 14900. - Ilustrado. - Marca de impressor no v. da folha 47. - Colofão no v. da última f. : "Hoc quoq3 sideralis scientiae singulare opusculum. Impressum Venetiis per Io. Baptista Sessa. Anno Salutis. 1501. Die uero. 3. Decembris". - Assin. : A-F 8 BN RES. 2797 P. - Notas marginais manuscritas. - Pert. na folha de guarda: "Da Livraria de Bellem"; Pert. na folha de rosto: "Da Comunid. de Bellem". - Encadernação em pergaminho da época Atalhos para: Sala de Imprensa A VIDA Cronologia da Vida Documentos D'Arquivo A OBRA Manuscritos FONTES Com marcas de posse Outras CONHECIMENTO EUROPEU ESTUDOS Autores Principais Impressores Marcas de Posse

74. Astrologix : Artikel : Ernst Hentges - Regiomontanus Translate this page Der Glanz dieser mathematischen Schule wurde damals durch die Lehrtätigkeit Georgvon peurbachs neu entfacht. peurbach erkannte bald die hervorragenden http://www.astrologix.de/artikel/geschichte/ehentges_regiomontanus.html

astrologix Artikel Geschichte : Regiomontanus - Ernst Hentges Weitere Informationen: Zum diesem Text: Der folgende, erstmals in Zenit 6/1934 erschienene Artikel ist einer aus einer Reihe von Kurzbiographien klassischer Astrologen. Viele dieser Astrologen werden, wenn sie auch Naturwissenschaftler waren, heute nur noch als Naturwissenschaftler geehrt; was sie in der Astrologie geleistet haben, wird tendenziell verschwiegen oder heruntergespielt. Dem wollen wir an dieser Stelle entgegenwirken. [RP] Autor: Ernst Hentges Regiomontanus Biographische Skizzen Regiomontanus In " De exemplis centum geniturarum libellus Cardanus das Horoskop des Regiomontanus wieder. Die Geburtszeit ist mit "1436 die 6 Juny, hora 4 min. 40 aequatis a meridie" angegeben. Monteregio Regiomontanus Regiomontanus Regiomontanus Georg von Peurbachs neu entfacht. Peurbach Alfonsinischen Tafeln Diese wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten wurden unterbrochen als der gelehrte Kardinal Bessarion Georg von Trapezunt Georg von Trapezunt (latin. trapezuntius), einer der Wiedererwecker der griechischen Literatur in Italien, wurde um das Jahr 1395 auf Kreta geboren. Bessarion Gaza Gaza Blanchini , sowie mit dem Hellenisten Theodor von Gaza und Guarini Alfraganus Matthias Corvinus Georg Podiebrad Bernhard Walter Sternwarte Cardanus 1412 gefertigte Ephemeriden gesehen haben und Jacob Puteanus , Custos der Pariser Bibliothek, zeigte Cassendi (vgl. dessen "Vita joh. Regiomontani") und

75. Symposien Der ÖGW georg von PEUERBACH und seine Zeit . hgg. von Helmuth Grössing, gestaltet. http://www.members.aon.at/parapsychologie/oegw/sympos.htm

Internationale Symposien und Kongreßveranstaltungen der Berichte über abgehaltene Veranstaltungen Vorschau auf zukünftige Veranstaltungen PEUERBACH-Symposium Symposium ... Resultate und Stand der Wissenschaftsgeschichte" PEUERBACH-SYMPOSIUM Text Ort, Zeit, Anmeldung, etc. Links: Geschichte der Stadt Peuerbach Georg von Peuerbach (Landesausstellung) Georg Peurbach (englisch) Astrolabium des G. von Peuerbach Anmerkung: Nach den Vorträgen dieses Symposiums wurde das Buch "DER DIE STERNE LIEBTE. Georg von PEUERBACH und seine Zeit" hgg. von Helmuth Grössing, gestaltet. Wien 2001, brosch., ca. 200 Seiten, mit s/w Abb. u. Zeichnungen. Verlag ERASMUS Wien, Radeckgasse 3/9, A-1040 WIEN, Tel./Fax: +43 1 5042538. Subskriptionspreis bis 30. Juni 2001: ATS 200.-/DM 29.-/SFr 25.- (zzgl. Versandspesen). zurück RESULTATE UND STAND DER WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE 9. und 10. November 2000

76. Biography Presentation Bolyai, Janos (18021860). Marconi, Guglielmo (1874-1937). peurbach, Georgvon (1423-1461). Zewail, Ahmed (ca. 1925). Hall, Charles (1863-1914). http://www.gpreppages.com/kuder/physics/bionames.htm

The Biography Presentation is an opportunity to speak publicly in an academic arena. The oral presentation is to be no more than 3 minutes in length and must include contributions to science and historical context. Presentations begin the first Monday in October. Student Scientist Adams, Charles E Moulton, Forest (1872-1952) Allen, Heather M Bolton, John Alsager, Kali A Ehrenfest, Paul Baines, Joel E Herschel, William (1738-1822) Bell, Shannon B Arago, Dominique (1786-1853) Benham, Matthew G Swammerdam, Jan (1637-1680) Brasch, Daniel J Bohm, David (1917-1992) Brown, William B Chalcidius (ca. 300) Brutocao, Daniel M Segré, Emilio (1905-1989) Buller, Danielle M John of Holywood (ca. 1200) Caputo, AlisonClaire G Condorcet, M.-J. (1743-1794) Cerny, Brandi L Morley, Edward (1838-1923) Chase, Rebecca N Pease, Francis Clairmont, Lindsay R Stieltjes, T._J. (1856-1894) Clark, Kali R Abel, Niels (1802-1829) Codd, Molly E Hess, Victor (1883-1964) Collyer, Curt D Ulam, Stanslaw

77. TIMELINE 15th CENTURY Page Of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE See 1474 or 1475, 1477, 1481, 1483, 1485. 1423 Astronomer/MathematicianGeorg von peurbach is born in peurbach, near Vienna, on 30 May 1423. http://www.magicdragon.com/UltimateSF/timeline15.html

TIMELINE 15th CENTURY Return to Timeline Table of Contents Return to Ultimate SF Table of Contents TIMELINE 15th CENTURY May be posted electronically provided that it is transmitted unaltered, in its entirety, and without charge. We examine both works of fiction and important contemporaneous works on non-fiction which set the context for early Science Fiction and Fantasy. There are Most recently updated: 8 May 2000 (major expansion to approx. 37 Kilobytes) 15th Century The Renaissance begins halfway through this century. To pick a specific date, see 1453. Classical Greek and more recent Arabic books of Science and Literature explode into Europe, clambering back onto its feet from the previous Century's Black Death. The Scientific Revolution is poised to be born, and Science Fiction will be born with it, as a mutant twin. Oil-based paints are first used; eventually underlying part of the explosive gains in the Art of Painting. In Ethiopia, coffee is first brewed from the seeds of wild evergreen plants, (Coffea arabica). The beverage spreads to Arabia, and thence to Egypt and Turkey. By the mid-17th Century it was known in mnost of Europe, and became significant in North America after the Boston Tea Party. First documented mention of the Dulcimer . This stringed instrument, a wooden box, has its strings struck with mallets (as opposed to being plucked). It was invented in the Orient, and had finally spread to Europe.

78. Ny Side 1 På 1400 tallet var reformasjonen av astronomi startet av astronomen og humanistenGeorg peurbach (14231461) og hans student Johannes Regiomontanus (1436-1476 http://www.kirkeparken.vgs.no/fysikk/tegninger.htm

2Fy prosjekt. Tekster bilder og tegninger av Johannes Kepler Gallileo Gallelei Kristian IV , Tycho Brahe og Nikolei Kopernikus. Johannes Kepler Den tyske astronomen og astrologen Johannes Kepler er mest kjent for sin oppdagelse av de tre prinsippene om planetenes bevegelsesbaner. Med dette gjorde han det klart hvordan planetene er ordnet i forhold til hverandre og bekreftet tidligere astronomers teorier. I tillegg til hans banebrytende arbeid med Tycho Brahes, utrettet Kepler en hel del mer: Han utdypet teorien om moderne optikk og forklarte hvordan mennesker kan se Han var den første til å forklare hva som skjer med lys etter at det går gjennom et teleskop Han designet et type teleskop som ble viktig for videre forskning innen astronomi Keplers ideer førte til en forandring innen fysikken der gamle, geometriske beskrivelser av himmelen ble erstattet av moderne, dynamisk astrologi ved å bruke konseptet med fysiske krefter. Innen vitenskapen må derfor Kepler bli sett på som en viktig person, og dette er grunnen til at jeg tar for meg Keplers liv, teorier og påvirkning innen vitenskapen astrologi. I dag tar de fleste det som en selvfølge at jorden ikke er flat, at jorden ikke er sentrum i universet og at planetene går i ellipseformede baner, men det er faktisk noen banebrytende personers fortjeneste! Johannes Kepler sa en gang "By the study of the orbit of Mars, we must either arrive at the secrets of astronomy or forever remain in ignorance of them."

79. April 8 - Today In Science History energy of particle motion) of Maxwell seventy years later. georg vonPeurbach. (source), Died 8 Apr 1461 (born 30 May 1423) Austrian http://www.todayinsci.com/4/4_08.htm

APRIL 8 - BIRTHS Melvin Calvin (source) Born 8 Apr 1911; died 8 Jan 1997. American biochemist who received the 1961 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemical pathways of photosynthesis. Called the Calvin Cycle, he described the "dark reactions" of photosynthesis occuring through the night turning carbon dioxide into sugar. Using the carbon-14 isotope as a tracer, Calvin and his team mapped the complete route that carbon travels through a plant during photosynthesis, starting from its absorption as atmospheric carbon dioxide to its conversion into carbohydrates and other organic compounds. In doing so, the Calvin group showed that sunlight acts on the chlorophyll in a plant to fuel the manufacturing of organic compounds, rather than on carbon dioxide as was previously believed. Martin Julian Buerger (source) Born 8 Apr 1903; died 1986. U.S. crystallographer and minerologist who made significant contributions to the theory of finding the arrangement of atoms in crystals and devised or improved many of the standard methods, techniques, and instruments of modern crystal-structure analysis. In the 1930s revised the powder camera into its present form. He invented the precession method of x-ray diffraction analysis now commonly used for obtaining the unit cell and space group of a crystal.. In 1952, the first counter diffractometer designed especially for measuring the intensities of the diffraction from single crystals was built in Buerger's laboratory, which in 1961 was converted into the first automated diffractometer. He wrote a number of books on crystallography.

80. Vitéz János és A Könyvnyomtatás Elég ennek kapcsán csak arra utalni, hogy a neves asztronómus, georg Peurbachbécsi professzor az általa módosított és mai formájára alakított, új http://www.mek.iif.hu/porta/szint/tarsad/konyvtar/tortenet/borsa/html/bgkvti_1/b

9. Vitéz János és a könyvnyomtatás Magyar Könyvszemle 1991. 113–116. A közelmúltban igyekeztem tisztázni a hazai könyvnyomtatás feltûnõen korai alapításának körülményeit. Ennek keretében történt annak bemutatása, hogy Hesst Magyarországra – Kárai László közbejöttével – feltehetõen Vitéz János prímás hívta, aki a budai mûhely megindulását is támogathatta. Az esztergomi érsek és Mátyás király idõközben bekövetkezett összeütközése azonban szinte lehetetlenítette a fõpap korábbi, feltehetõen nagyvonalú terveit a nyomda mûködését illetõen. Bár az elsõ hazai nyomtatvány, a Chronica Hungarorum eredeti ajánlása az elsõ levélen kikövetkeztethetõen egykor Vitéznek szólt, az õ 1472 augusztusában bekövetkezett halálát követõen azonban Hess a kiadvány elsõ füzetének külsõ levélpárját (a +a ) eltávolította. A Chronica szövegét (a levél) újraszedte, és ismét kinyomtatta, a Vitéznek szóló ajánlás helye azonban az elsõ levélen üresen maradt. Az alábbiakban kísérlet történik az eddigiekben összefoglalt hipotézisnek, vagyis a hazai könyvnyomtatás Vitéznek tulajdonítható megindításának közvetett bizonyítékokkal történõ alátámasztására. Ezen belül külön hangsúlyt kapott annak bemutatása, hogy a hazai humanizmus eme vezetõ alakjának milyen kapcsolata volt, ill. lehetett az akkoriban megszületõ tipográfiával. Alig néhány esztendeje, hogy a nemzetközi nyomdatörténet egyik igen jelentõs dokumentuma immár a szakmai köztudatba is bekerült. Arról az 1455. március 12-én, Bécsújhelyen írt levelérõl van szó, amelyben Enea Silvio Piccolomini számolt be Juan de Carvajal bíborosnak az elsõ nyomtatott bibliáról. Az itáliai humanista ebbõl kész íveket látott, sõt megemlítette a példányszámot is, amely egyes források szerint 158 (alighanem 150 helyett), mások szerint 180. Gutenberg korai és legfontosabb alkotásának, az ún. 42 soros Biblia (B42) kiadásának ezt az emlékét Enea Silvio, a késõbbi II. Pius pápa levelezésének egyik, a vatikáni könyvtárban található kézirata õrizte meg, de szövege nyomtatásban csak 1947-ben látott napvilágot.

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