21. Catalogue Five O-Z CLICK FOR FULL VIEW. 70. Sacro Bosco, Joannes de (fl. 1230); Regiomontanus,Joannes (14361476); peurbach, georg von (1423-1461). http://www.liberantiquus.com/cat5/o-z.html

ORDERING TERMS CONTACT HOME 64. Osorius, Hieronymus (1506-1580). Hieronymi Osorii Episcopi Sylvensis in Gualterum Haddonum Anglum, de religione libri tres. Eiusdem Epistola ad Elisabetham Angliae Reginam. Editio Tertia, prioribus emendatior. Accessit recens, Cristophori Longolii, Oratoris eloquentissimi, non dissimilis argumenti oratio. [Ad Lutherianos Oratio]. Dillingen: Sebald Mayer, 1576 Small octavo: 116 x 83 mm. A-Z8, a-b8 Bound in contemporary blindstamped pigskin in excellent condition. Internally, this copy is in very good condition with occasional minor staining and a few leaves lightly foxed. Numerous contemporary marginal annotations throughout. A few decorative initials. Ownership entries on title and front endpaper Joannes Heijnius(?). Edges of text block stained red. An attractive volume. VD-16 O-1334; Bucher, Dillingen, 431; Milward, Relig. Contr., 73; Adams O-399; Not in Machiels, BN Paris

22. FIBONACCI Translate this page georg von peurbach,. Matemático e astrônomo austríaco nascido em peurbach(perto de Viena), em 30de maio de 1423 e faleceu em 8 de abril de 1461. http://www.geocities.com/jscmat/geor.htm

Georg von PEURBACH Matemático e astrônomo austríaco nascido em Peurbach (perto de Viena), em 30de maio de 1423 e faleceu em 8 de abril de 1461 Peurbach estudou na Universidade de Vi­ena e viajou depois para a Itália, então o cen­tro intelectual da Europa. Ali encontrou Ni­colau de Cusa. Voltou para Viena em 1453 e aí ensinou matemática e astronomia. recebendo o cargo de astrônomo real do rei da Hungria. Peurbach era defensor ardente do uso dos algarismos arábicos, inovação velha de 250 anos, importada por Fibonacci. Mesmo assim, a numeração romana, muito inferior. continuava sendo obstinadamente usada, no­tável exemplo de conservacionismo autodes­truidor. Peurbach usou os algarismos arábicos para elaborar uma tabela de senos, de preci­são ímpar, e aperfeiçoou a mecânica da trigo­nometria muito além do ponto atingido pelos gregos e pelos árabes, tornando a vida dos re­acionários muito difícil. Contudo, morreu an­tes de concluir sua obra. Seu aluno. Regio­montanus, trabalhou na elaboração da mesma tabela e também morreu antes de terminá-la. Peurbach tentou melhorar o sistema ptolo­maico. mas não ousou alterar sua essência. Deu até um passo atrás, insistindo na sólida realidade das esferas cristalinas dos planetas. ponto pouco desenvolvido pelo próprio Ptolo­meu no

23. Full Alphabetical Index Translate this page Julius (133*) Peterson, Karl (211*) Petit, Aléxis (120) Petrovsky, Ivan (327*) Petryshyn,Volodymyr (282*) Petzval, Józeph (421*) peurbach, georg (202) Pfaff http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/4142/matematici.html

Completo Indice Alfabetico Cliccare su una lettera sottostante per andare a quel file. A B C D ... XYZ Cliccare sotto per andare agli indici alfabetici separati A B C D ... XYZ Il numero di parole nella biografia e' dato in parentesi. Un * indica che c'e' un ritratto. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (286*) Abraham bar Hiyya (240) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (59) Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani (243) Ackermann , Wilhelm (196) Adams, John Couch Adams, Frank Adelard of Bath (89) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (196*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (60) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (114) Aiken , Howard (94) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alexander (825*) Ajima , Chokuyen (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al'Battani , Abu Allah (194) al'Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (306*) al'Haitam , Abu Ali (269*) al'Kashi , Ghiyath (73) al'Khwarizmi , Abu (123*) Albanese , Giacomo (282) Albert of Saxony Albert, Abraham Adrian (121*) (158*) Alberti , Leone (181*) Alberto Magno, San (109*) Alcuin di York (237*) Aleksandrov , Pave (160*) Alembert , Jean d' (291*) Alexander , James (163) Amringe , Howard van (354*) Amsler , Jacob (82) Anassagora di Clazomenae (169) Anderson , Oskar (67) Andreev , Konstantin (117) Angeli , Stefano degli (234) Anstice , Robert (209) Antemio of Tralles (55) Antifone il Sofista (125) Apollonio di Perga (276) Appell , Paul (1377) Arago , Dominique (345*) Arbogasto , Louis (87) Arbuthnot , John (251*) Archimede di Siracusa (467*) Archita of Tarentum (103) Argand , Jean (81) Aristeo il Vecchio (44) Aristarco di Samo (183) Aristotele Arnauld , Antoine (179)

24. Index, Bell Catalog - Ps Translate this page Peucer, Kaspar. Peuchet, J. (Jacques). peurbach, georg von, 1423-1461. Peutinger,Konrad, 1465-1546 or 7. Peutinger table. Peyssonel, Claude Charles de. http://bell.lib.umn.edu/cat/ind_p.html

Pacheco, Diogo, 16th cent. Padua (Italy). Laws, etc. Paduani, Giovanni. Paes, Leonardo. Pacheco, Diogo, 16th cent. Padua (Italy). Laws, etc. Paduani, Giovanni. Paes, Leonardo. ... Purry, Jean Pierre.

25. Timeline - Scientific Revolution: Chronological Timeline: Copernicus To Newton - 1462 One of the major publications of Renaissance natural philosophy, the Epitomeof Ptolemy's Almagest appears; the authors, georg peurbach (14231461) and http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/05-sr-lng-tim

T H E S C I E N T I F I C R E V O L U T I O N Dr Robert A. Hatch - University of Florida Christopher Columbus (d.1506) is born as is Amerigo Vespucci (d. 1512), explorers. One of the major publications of Renaissance natural philosophy, the Epitome of Ptolemy's Almagest appears; the authors, Georg Peurbach (1423-1461) and Johannes Regiomontanus (1436-1476), symbolize a shift from reverence for Ptolemy and antiquity to respect coupled with confident innovation. Publication of the highly influential Corpus Hermeticum , a collection of writings (we now know) to have been written in the early Christian era but then thought to have been written with great authority by Hermes Trismegistus (perhaps Thoth or Moses) living c.1800 BC. Georg Peurbach's New Theory of the Planets (1454) sought to reconcile geometric descriptive models for predicting planetary motions by employing homocentric (nested concentric) celestial spheres. Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) born.

26. OPE-MAT - Historique Translate this page Petit, Aléxis Quine, Willard Rocard, Yves-André Petrovsky, Ivan Rohn, Karl Petzval,Józeph Rademacher, Hans Rolle, Michel peurbach, georg Radó, Tibor http://www.gci.ulaval.ca/PIIP/math-app/Historique/mat.htm

A Abel , Niels Akhiezer , Naum Anthemius of Tralles Abraham bar Hiyya al'Battani , Abu Allah Antiphon the Sophist Abraham, Max al'Biruni , Abu Arrayhan Apollonius of Perga Abu Kamil Shuja al'Haitam , Abu Ali Appell , Paul Abu'l-Wafa al'Buzjani al'Kashi , Ghiyath Arago , Francois Ackermann , Wilhelm al'Khwarizmi , Abu Arbogast , Louis Adams , John Couch Albert of Saxony Arbuthnot , John Adelard of Bath Albert , Abraham Archimedes of Syracuse Adler , August Alberti , Leone Battista Archytas of Tarentum Adrain , Robert Albertus Magnus, Saint Argand , Jean Aepinus , Franz Alcuin of York Aristaeus the Elder Agnesi , Maria Alekandrov , Pavel Aristarchus of Samos Ahmed ibn Yusuf Alexander , James Aristotle Ahmes Arnauld , Antoine Aida Yasuaki Amsler , Jacob Aronhold , Siegfried Aiken , Howard Anaxagoras of Clazomenae Artin , Emil Airy , George Anderson , Oskar Aryabhata the Elder Aitken , Alexander Angeli , Stefano degli Atwood , George Ajima , Chokuyen Anstice , Robert Richard Avicenna , Abu Ali B Babbage , Charles Betti , Enrico Bossut , Charles Bachet Beurling , Arne Bouguer , Pierre Bachmann , Paul Boulliau , Ismael Bacon , Roger Bhaskara Bouquet , Jean Backus , John Bianchi , Luigi Bour , Edmond Baer , Reinhold Bieberbach , Ludwig Bourgainville , Louis Baire Billy , Jacques de Boutroux , Pierre Baker , Henry Binet , Jacques Bowditch , Nathaniel Ball , W W Rouse Biot , Jean-Baptiste Bowen , Rufus Balmer , Johann Birkhoff , George Boyle , Robert Banach , Stefan Bjerknes, Carl

27. Untitled vs. Ptolemy; georg peurbach (or Purbach) New Theory of the Planets,Epitome of Ptolemy (with Regiomontanus); Regiomontanus (Johannes http://www.astro.ufl.edu/~hsmith/Topics2_s02.htm

AST 3043 TOPIC LIST 2 Thales cosmos as object of contemplation; flat Earth under domed sky; solar eclipse "prediction" Pythagoras and his school: numerology; spherical Earth, Moon, Sun; "music of the spheres;" Philolaus's cosmology Plato distrust of appearances, use reason to find forms; image of concentric spheres with planets Eudoxus mathematical model: concentric spheres centered on Earth, hippopede; problems Aristotle geocentric physical model based on Eudoxus; arguments for spherical Earth; argument of fall; argument against Earth's orbiting Sun; quinta essentia and immutability; ideas about comets and meteors; ideas about motion; approximate date Heraclides Earth's rotation; Mercury and Venus orbit Sun Aristarchus Hellenistic astronomy; relative distances of Sun and Moon; dimensions of Sun and Moon relative to Earth; heliocentric model; approximate date Eratosthenes position; circumference of Earth Hipparchus star catalogue with celestial longitudes and latitudes, magnitudes; discovery of precession; inequality of seasons and Sun's orbit; Moon's orbit; Moon's geocentric parallax; accurate lengths of various kinds of months and of year; approximate date Ptolemy geocentric model using epicycles (Apollonius), equant and other problems;

28. Untitled Ptolemy. 47. georg peurbach (or Purbach) New Theory of the Planets,Epitome of Ptolemy (with Regiomontanus). 48. Regiomontanus http://www.astro.ufl.edu/~hsmith/TopicList3043.html

AST 3043 TOPIC LIST 1. celestial sphere, poles, and equator and relation to Earth's poles and equator 2. horizon, zenith, celestial meridian; altitude and latitude, daily (diurnal) motion in different parts of sky and different latitudes 3. Sun's annual motion: evidence, path around ecliptic; equinoxes and solstices, their meanings, their approximate dates, and Sun's noon altitude; rising and setting points through year 4. equatorial coordinates: definitions, units 5. sidereal year vs. tropical year, precession and its effects; heliacal rising of stars 6. Moon's phases and time of day; its motion relative to stars, ascending and descending nodes; synodic, sidereal, and nodical (draconic) months, relative lengths and why, regression of nodes, lunar major and minor standstills 7. Stonehenge: megalith; main elements, possible alignments, Stonehenge Decoded and Aubrey holes; considerations for astronomical identifications generally; probable use 8. Newgrange: alignment, probable use 9. Inca: Coricancha symbolism and alignment; Pleiades heliacal rising; ceque system, huacas, social and spatial organization, and calendar; Cerro Picchu and planting, antizenith (nadir) sunsets 10. inferior and superior planets, configurations, transits, motions on celestial sphere and retrograde motion, synodic

29. Greek Astronomy Vat. ar. 319 fols. 29 recto 28 verso math19 NS.15. georg peurbach and JohannesRegiomontanus, Epitome of the Almagest. In Latin, Late fifteenth century http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/exhibit/d-mathematics/Greek_astro.ht

Greek Astronomy The Revival of an Ancient Science One of the most powerful creations of Greek science was the mathematical astronomy created by Hipparchus in the second century B.C. and given final form by Ptolemy in the second century A.D. Ptolemy's work was known in the Middle Ages through imperfect Latin versions. In fifteenth-century Italy, however, it was brought back to life. George Trebizond, a Cretan emigre in the curia, produced a new translation and commentary. These proved imperfect and aroused much heated criticism. But a German astronomer, Johannes Regiomontanus, a protege of the brilliant Greek churchman Cardinal Bessarion, came to Italy with his patron, learned Greek, and produced a full-scale "Epitome" of Ptolemy's work from which most astronomers learned their art for the next century and more. Copernicus was only one of the celebrities of the Scientific Revolution whose work rested in large part on the study of ancient science carried out in fifteenth-century Italy. Byzantine Astronomical Collection In Greek, Before 1308

30. Overview Of Objects And Topics Tusi, Tadhkira; georg peurbach and Johannes Regiomontanus, Epitomeof the Almagest; Ptolemy, Geography. Music Music Room One Etienne http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/vatican.exhibit/overview.html

Overview of Objects and Topics This guide offers you direct access to any of the items on display at the Vatican Exhibit. Introduction Main Hall The Vatican Library The City Recovers ... Francisco Varo, Arte de la lengua mandarina

31. UniHH: FB Mathematik: Publikationen Von Gudrun Wolfschmidt Translate this page Leipzig/Mannheim Bibliographisches Institut FA Brockhaus AG 1999, S. 158-161.Wissenschaftshistorische Veröffentlichungen 1998. peurbach, georg (von). http://www.math.uni-hamburg.de/home/wolfschmidt/publikat.htm

Fachbereiche Fachbereich 11 - Mathematik Gudrun Wolfschmidt Publikationen Filme Planeten, Sterne, Welteninseln. Astronomie im Deutschen Museum. Gudrun Wolfschmidt (Hrsg.): Deutsches Museum (Abhandlungen und Berichte, Neue Folge, Band 11) 1995. (112 Seiten, 62 Abb.) Gudrun Wolfschmidt (Hrsg.): Popularisierung der Naturwissenschaften. Diepholz/Berlin: Die Botschaft des Sternenlichts - Die Entwicklung der Astrophysik zwischen Wissenschaft, Instrumententechnik und Politik. (Monographie in Vorbereitung, ca. 300 Seiten). Vom Sonnenmythos zur Sonnenforschung. (Monographie in Vorbereitung, ca. 200 Seiten). Weltbild im Wandel - Von Copernicus bis zur modernen Kosmologie , Band 2) 2003 (ca. 150 Seiten). Van Gogh's 'Starry Night' - Influenced by Astrophotography? - Strasbourg, 1871-1918. Gudrun Wolfschmidt (Hrsg.): Popularisierung der Naturwissenschaften. Diepholz/Berlin: 2002, ISBN 3-928186-59-0 Die Leopoldina-Astronomen und der Wissenschaftsfortschritt. In: 350 Jahre LEOPOLDINA - Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Festschrift der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina. Hrsg. von Benno Parthier und Dietrich von Engelhardt. Halle an der Saale: Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina 2002, S. 629-644. Early German Plans for a Southern Observatory.

32. INCUNABLE CATALOGUE 1 1230); Regiomontanus, Joannes (14361476); peurbach, georg von. (1423-1461). Alsoincluded in this edition is georg peurbach’s Theoricae Novae Planetarum. http://www.graybooksellers.com/incunabula/incunableTHREE.html

23. Platina, Bartholomaeus Sacchi de. (1421-1481) Vitae Pontificum. [Treviso: Joannes Rubeus, Vercellensis, 10 February, 1485] Folio, 11.19 x 8.19 in. Third edition (the first edition printed in Treviso). a10, b-q8, r6. 135 of 136 leaves; the last blank and missing. This is a lovely copy, bound in full contemporary very dark Italian morocco over wooden boards, tooled in blind, and very well preserved. The original bosses and clasps were very carefully removed at a relatively early date, which is barely a defect in that it exposes some lovely tooling that would otherwise have been obscured. The binding was rebacked long ago, and the work retains the character of the original. A very early paper label is pasted on the back board. This work is the first systematic handbook of Papal history. Composed by Platina and presented to Sixtus IV in manuscript form at the end of 1474, the original copy is still held at the Vatican Library. Goff P-770; BMC VI, 897; Hain 13048*; Polain (B) 3188; Proctor 6498; Oates 2465; not in Walsh.

33. Microfilm Translate this page georg von peurbach, Theorica planetarum, Venezia, arte et diligentiaErhardi Ratdolt Augustensis, 1482. (T.6.5) FA.4B.2. 4251. http://www.bibliotecavigano.it/microfilm.htm

Attività Prodotti Multimediali: Microfilm I numeri iniziali progressivi corrispondono rispettivamente della sezione "Fondo Antico" (opere a stampa) e "Fondo manoscritti" del Catalogo della Biblioteca di Scienze «Carlo Viganò». Fondo antico (1482-1800) e Fondo manoscritti : disponibile sia a stampa (Milano, Vita e pensiero, 1994, pp. XIX, 869) che su CD-Rom. Le segnature finali tra parentesi tonda sono quelle della 'vecchia' catalogazione, quelle tra parentesi quadra si riferiscono invece all'attuale 'nuova' catalogazione della Biblioteca. Per richiesta e stampa di microfilm contattare lo +39 - 030.2406.338 nei seguenti orari: dalle 9.00 alle 12.00 e dalle 14.00 alle 17.00. Oppure ricorrere al collegamento e-mail FONDO ANTICO (Opere a stampa) Achillini Alessandro , De orbibus libri quatuor , Bononiae, impensis Benedicti Hectoris Bononiensis, 1498. ( T.6.9

34. Regiomontanus Biography georg peurbach or Peuerbach (14231461), Regiomontanus' astronomical mentor, wasalso a Master at Vienna, and the two men collaborated by, among other things http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/regiomontanus.html

Links Personalities Tour (Next) Previous Regiomontanus Tour (Next) Regiomontanus Pages Regiomontanus Astrology Calendar Reform Mathematical Techniques ... Astronomical Tables General Pages Home Index Regiomontanus Regiomontanus (1436-1476) was born in Konigsberg and educated at Leipzig and Vienna. He sought to restore astronomy, dissatisfied as he was with the inadequate translation of ancient works and the disparities he found between theory and observation. His Epitome of the Almagest was published in 1496. Frontispiece of Regiomontanus' Epitome of the Almagest depicting Ptolemy and Regiomontanus sitting beneath an armillary sphere. Image by kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge. Large image (144K). Very large image (4.0M). Syntaxis he had begun at the behest of Cardinal Johannes Bessarion. This work was finished by 1463, and printed as the Epitome of the Almagest in 1496; it was later used by such astronomers as Copernicus and Galileo In Vienna, Regiomontanus had been an avid hunter, copyist, and reader of manuscripts on mathematical and astronomical subjects. After Peurbach's death, he went with Bessarion to Rome, and accompanied him on various travels around Italy. Association with the Cardinal, a native of Trebizond in Turkey and a great patron of humanist scholarship, gave Regiomontanus access to other texts, and the opportunity for him to become fluent in Greek. On several occasions, he was to forcefully express his opinion about the inadequacy of translations of Greek works, including Ptolemy's

35. Regiomontanus And Books The first work issued by his press was the Theoricae novae planetarum of his formermaster georg peurbach, which rapidly became one of the standard texts of http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/regiobooks.html

Links Books Tour (Next) Previous Books Pages Early Modern Books Copernicus Galileo Kepler ... Previous Regiomontanus Pages Regiomontanus Astrology Calendar Reform Mathematical Techniques ... Index Regiomontanus and Books When he moved to Nuremberg in 1571, Regiomontanus embarked, as part of his strategy for the reformation of astronomy, on a program of publication. The first work issued by his press was the Theoricae novae planetarum of his former master Georg Peurbach, which rapidly became one of the standard texts of university courses in astronomy. This was followed by the Astronomica of Marcus Manilius, his calendars in Latin and German for 1475-1531, and almanacs for 1485-1506. In 1474, he published a broadside tradelist naming both the books he had already printed and those he still intended to produce. Works by Ptolemy , Euclid, Theon of Alexandria, Archimedes, and Witelo were among those listed, as were many new translations, commentaries and treatises by Regiomontanus himself. Criticism of the lack of respect this list revealed for other authors and translators prompted him, in his pamphlet Disputationes contra Cremonensia in planetarum theoricas delyramenta (or Arguments against the nonsense in the Theorica planetarum of [Gerard of] Cremona), to deliver a trenchant defence of the necessity of emending and improving upon existing texts:

36. Copernican System In the fifteenth century, the reform of European astronomy was begun by theastronomer/humanist georg peurbach (14231461) and his student Johannes http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo/Things/copernican_system.html

Copernican System The first speculations about the possibility of the Sun being the center of the cosmos and the Earth being one of the planets going around it go back to the third century BCE. In his Sand-Reckoner , Archimedes (d. 212 BCE), discusses how to express very large numbers. As an example he chooses the question as to how many grains of sand there are in the cosmos. And in order to make the problem more difficult, he chooses not the geocentric cosmos generally accepted at the time, but the heliocentric cosmos proposed by Aristarchus of Samos (ca. 310-230 BCE), which would have to be many times larger because of the lack of observable stellar parallax. We know, therefore, that already in Hellenistic times thinkers were at least toying with this notion, and because of its mention in Archimedes's book Aristarchus's speculation was well-known in Europe beginning in the High Middle Ages but not seriously entertained until Copernicus. European learning was based on the Greek sources that had been passed down, and cosmological and astronomical thought were based on Aristotle and Ptolemy.

37. Liste Alphabétique Des Mathématiciens Translate this page Petit (Pierre), Français (1674-1750). peurbach (georg), Autrichien (1423-1461).Pfaff (Johann Friedrich), Allemand (1765-1825). Picard (Emile), Français (1856-1941). http://www.cegep-st-laurent.qc.ca/depar/maths/noms.htm

Abel (Niels Henrik) Agnesi (Maria Guetana) Italienne (1718-1799) Alembert (Jean Le Rond d') Alexander (James Waddell) Alexandroff (Pavel Sergeevich) Russe (1896-1982) Apian (Peter Benneuwitz, dit) Allemand (1495-1552) Apollonios de Perga Grec(v.~262-v.~180) Appel (Paul) Grec (~287-~212) Aristote Grec (~384-~322) Arzela (Cesare) Italien (1847-1912) Ascoli (Guilio) Italien (1843-1896) Babbage (Charles) Anglais (1792-1871) Banach (Stefan) Polonais (1892-1945) Argand (Jean Robert) Suisse (1768-1822) Barrow (Isaac) Anglais (1630-1677) Bayes (Thomas) Anglais (1702-1761) Bellavitis (Giusto) Italien (1803-1880) Beltrami (Eugenio) Italien (1835-1900) Bernays (Paul) Suisse (1888-1977) Bernoulli (Daniel) Suisse (1700-1782) Bernoulli (Jacques) Suisse (1654-1705) Bernoulli (Jean) Suisse (1667-1748) Allemand (1878-1956) Bernstein (Sergei Natanovich) Russe (1880-1968) Bertrand (Josepn) Bessel (Friedrich) Allemand (1784-1846) Birkoff (George David) Bliss (Gilbert Ames) Bochner (Salomon) Allemand (1899-1982) Bolyai (Janos) Hongrois (1802-1860) Bolzano (Bernhard) Bombelli (Raffaele) Italien (1522-1572) Bonnet (Ossian) Boole (George) Anglais (1815-1864) Bourbaki (Nicolas) Braikenridge (William) Anglais (v.1700-1762)

38. May 30 - Today In Science History energy and psychic tension. georg von peurbach. (source), Born 30May 1423; died 8 Apr 1461. Austrian mathematician and astronomer http://www.todayinsci.com/5/5_30.htm

MAY 30 - BIRTHS Aleksey Arkhipovich Leonov (source) Born 30 May 1934 Soviet cosmonaut, the first man to climb out of a spacecraft in space. On 18 Mar 1965, Voskhod 2 was launched into space carrying Leonov with Pavel Belyayev aboard. On the second orbit Leonov left the spacecraft through the air lock while still tethered to the vessel. He took motion pictures and practiced moving outside of the spacecraft for 10 minutes. Voskhod 2 made 17 orbits at about 110 miles (177 km) above earth. Ten years later, on 17 Jul 1975, Leonov commanded the Soviet Soyuz craft that linked in orbit with a U.S. Apollo craft. Joseph William Kennedy (source) Born 30 May 1916; died 5 May 1957 American scientist, one of four co-discoverers of plutonium element 94 ) which was produced from uranium oxide bombarded with deuterons in a cyclotron at the Univ. of California at Berkeley. Subsequently, on 28 Mar 1941, Glenn Seaborg plutonium , like U , is fissionable with slow neutrons, thus neutrons of any speed, which implies it's a potential fission bomb material. He was a chemistry instructor while working on the research

39. Text Manuscripts/new Items The work is close to but does not seem to be identical to the “Epitome of theAlmagest” written between 1460 and 1463 by georg peurbach (14231461?) and http://www.textmanuscripts.com/home/THEME/themesciencedescritpion.php?m=76

40. December Centre Meeting century astronomers. georg peurbach, an Austrian scholar, publisheda book called New Theories of the Planets in 1454. Johann Muller http://ottawa.rasc.ca/observers/2000/an0001pa.html

December Centre Meeting Gary Boyle , the Observers Group Chair, opened the last meeting of the Ottawa Centre of the 1900s with the comment, "Well, folks, they lost another one!" He was referring, of course, to the sad loss of NASA’s Mars Polar Lander probe . During the time of the meeting, hope was still alive that contact would eventually be made, but alas, ’twas not to be. Moving on to exciting news, Gary also spoke of how astronomers gathered more evidence of extra-solar planets by measuring a 1.7% drop in a star’s light as a suspected planet moved in front of it relative to Earth. It seems that the Galaxy is indeed teeming with planets. What a fitting end to the 1900s! Paul Comision was our usual first speaker of the month to present his latest Cutting Edge of Astronomy topic. Paul discussed the "bottom-up" theories about how galaxies are formed through collisions and mergers of smaller galaxies (much like how pile-ups are formed on Ottawa highways during freezing rain), as opposed to the older "top-down" theories where a galaxy is born a specific size and stays that way throughout its life, and how the bottom-up theories were gaining prominence. The December 1999 issue of Astronomy magazine covered this topic in detail.

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