1. James Clerk Maxwell The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (18311879) did revolutionary work in electromagnetism Category Science Physics Electromagnetism History People......James Clerk Maxwell. The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, b. Nov.13, 1831, d. Nov. 5, 1879, did revolutionary work in electromagnetism http://www.phy.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xmaxwell.html

James Clerk Maxwell The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, b. Nov. 13, 1831, d. Nov. 5, 1879, did revolutionary work in electromagnetism and the kinetic theory of gases. After graduating (1854) with a degree in mathematics from Trinity College, Cambridge, he held professorships at Marischal College in Aberdeen (1856) and King's College in London (1860) and became the first Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge in 1871. Maxwell's most important achievement was his extension and mathematical formulation of Michael Faraday's theories of electricity and magnetic lines of force. In his research, conducted between 1864 and 1873, Maxwell showed that a few relatively simple mathematical equations could express the behavior of electric and magnetic fields and their interrelated nature; that is, an oscillating electric charge produces an electromagnetic field. These four partial differential equations first appeared in fully developed form in Electricity and Magnetism (1873). Since known as Maxwell's equations they are one of the great achievements of 19th-century physics. Maxwell also calculated that the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic field is approximately that of the speed of light. He proposed that the phenomenon of light is therefore an electromagnetic phenomenon. Because charges can oscillate with any frequency, Maxwell concluded that visible light forms only a small part of the entire spectrum of possible electromagnetic radiation.

2. Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. Honours awarded to James Clerk Maxwell (Click a linkbelow for the full list of mathematicians honoured in this way). http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maxwell.html

James Clerk Maxwell Born: 13 June 1831 in Edinburgh, Scotland Died: 5 Nov 1879 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England Click the picture above to see nine larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index James Clerk Maxwell was born at 14 India Street in Edinburgh, a house built by his parents in the 1820s, but shortly afterwards his family moved to their home at Glenlair in Kirkcudbrightshire about 20 km from Dumfries. There he enjoyed a country upbringing and his natural curiosity displayed itself at an early age. In a letter written on 25 April 1834 when 'The Boy' was not yet three years old he is described as follows, see [4]:- He is a very happy man, and has improved much since the weather got moderate; he has great work with doors, locks, keys etc., and 'Show me how it doos' is never out of his mouth. He also investigates the hidden course of streams and bell-wires, the way the water gets from the pond through the wall and a pend or small bridge and down a drain ... When James was eight years old his mother died. His parents plan that they would educate him at home until he was 13 years old, and that he would then be able to go the Edinburgh University, fell through. A 16 year old boy was hired to act as tutor but the arrangement was not a successful one and it was decided that James should attend the Edinburgh Academy.

3. Biographies Info Science : Maxwell James Clerk Brillant élève au collège, James Clerk Maxwell poursuit des études de mathématiques à l'université de Cambridge. http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/biograph/biograph.php3?Ref=44

4. Biographies Info Science : Maxwell James Clerk Translate this page nouvelle recherche, maxwell james clerk Brillant élève au collège, James ClerkMaxwell poursuit des études de mathématiques à l'université de Cambridge. http://www.infoscience.fr/histoire/biograph/biograph.php3?Titre=Maxwell James Cl

5. WIEM: Maxwell James Clerk maxwell james clerk (18311879), wybitny szkocki fizyk, profesor uniwersytetuw Aberdeen (1856-1860), Kings College w Londynie (1860-1865 http://www.encyklopedia.pl/wiem/doc/9d3a113e1e4af77c0525638d00554a4a

wiem.onet.pl napisz do nas losuj: has³a multimedia Fizyka, Wielka Brytania Maxwell James Clerk widok strony znajd¼ podobne poka¿ powi±zane Maxwell James Clerk (1831-1879), wybitny szkocki fizyk, profesor uniwersytetu w Aberdeen (1856-1860), Kings College w Londynie (1860-1865) i Cambridge (po 1871), organizator i pierwszy dyrektor Cavendish Laboratory w Cambridge. Autor wybitnych prac teoretycznych dotycz±cych podstaw elektrodynamiki klasycznej Maxwella równania kinetycznej teorii gazów Maxwella-Boltzmanna rozk³ad ... optyki i teorii barw (np. Maxwella zjawisko , 1855-1872) oraz stabilno¶ci grawitacyjnej pier¶cieni Saturna (1859). Powi±zania Elektryczno¶æ Atomistyczna teoria materii £adunku zachowania zasada Cavendish Laboratory ... do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

6. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell was a physicist who lived in the last century.He was particularly interested in how electricity and magnetism worked. http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Maxwell.htm

James Clerk Maxwell Maxwell was a physicist who lived in the last century. He was particularly interested in how electricity and magnetism worked. One of his major accomplishments was providing the mathematical equations that describe how these two separate natural phenomena work together to make light and radio waves. The equations he discovered allowed other scientists to understand several facts about light: light is made of electric and magnetic fields that change very, very rapidly as the electric field in a light wave changes, it changes the magnetic field; as the magnetic field changes, it changes the electric field; both fields work together to make up the light wave if we know the electric and magnetic properties of space, we can calculate the speed of light Do you want to explore how light works Back to other famous scientists Introduction Science Mission ... LaRC Data Center Responsible Nasa Official: Bruce R. Barkstrom, Ph.D. Site Administration: NASA Langley ASDC User Services ( larc@eos.nasa.gov

7. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. 1831 1879 Maxwell was born in Edinburgh, but becameprofessor of Physics at Aberdeen's Marischal College in 1857. http://www.ifb.net/webit/maxwell.htm

James Clerk Maxwell Maxwell was born in Edinburgh, but became professor of Physics at Aberdeen's Marischal College in 1857. He lived reasonably close by at 129 Union Street, where today there is a brass plaque commemorating that fact. Maxwell remained as professor of Physics until the merger of Marischal College with Kings College in 1860 to form the University of Aberdeen . There is a story that when the two universities united that where a department was duplicated the older of the two head of departments would be retired and the younger man would be given the new post. In the case of Maxwell that policy was not adhered to, it is suggested, because although Maxwell was a brilliant scientist he was not as good as the other man when it came to teaching. Whether the story is true or not does not in any way put into doubt the fact that Maxwell was certainly one of the greatest scientific thinkers of the nineteenth century. In 1865 he published a set of equations that embodied his unified theory of electricity and magnatism. He subsequently used this theory to predict that light is a form of electromagnetic wave. Seven years after Maxwell's death the German physicist Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the validity of Maxwell's prediction and hence vindicated his theory. It is for this work on electromagnitism that Maxwell is best remembered. After leaving Aberdeen he was eventually appointed as the first professor of experimental physics at Cambridge in 1871.

8. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. James Clerk Maxwell, living from 1831 to 1879,was one of the great mathematicians of his time. Shortly after http://www.chembio.uoguelph.ca/educmat/chm386/rudiment/tourclas/maxwell.htm

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell, living from 1831 to 1879, was one of the great mathematicians of his time. Shortly after being set on the project of electromagnetism by Faraday, he soon saw the connection between the approach of Faraday and that of the Germans (Reimann and Gauss) and (perhaps to Faraday's chagrin) showed that they were equivalent. In one of the most elegant theories of all time, he wrote down the equations that described electromagnetism and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The equations are now known, of course, as Maxwell's Equations. One of the first things he did with his equations was to calculate the velocity of the propagation of an electromagnetic wave. When he did so, he found that the velocity of such a wave was almost identical to the measured velocity for light. Based on this, he was the first to propose that light was actually an electromagnetic wave. Author: Dan Thomas email: Last Updated: Thursday, July 4, 1996

9. James Clerk Maxwell - Wikipedia James Clerk Maxwell. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. There is a mountainrange on Venus, Maxwell Montes, named after James Clerk Maxwell. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help James Clerk Maxwell From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. James Clerk Maxwell June 13 November 5 ) was a Scottish physicist who demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces are two aspects of electromagnetism . He further showed that electric and magnetic fields travel through space m/s. He thus argued that light was a form of electromagnetic radiation Maxwell was born in Edinburgh , Scotland. He codified earlier work on electricity and magnetism by Michael Faraday André-Marie Ampère , and others into a linked set of twenty differential equations in quaternions , the similar mathematical system used later by Einstein for the theory of relativity . Both theories have many similarities, and we can say that Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism was a precursor of the relativity.

10. James Clerk Maxwell - Wikipedia James Clerk Maxwell. (Redirected from James Maxwell). There is a mountainrange on Venus, Maxwell Montes, named after James Clerk Maxwell. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Maxwell

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help James Clerk Maxwell (Redirected from James Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell June 13 November 5 ) was a Scottish physicist who demonstrated that electric and magnetic forces are two aspects of electromagnetism . He further showed that electric and magnetic fields travel through space m/s. He thus argued that light was a form of electromagnetic radiation Maxwell was born in Edinburgh , Scotland. He codified earlier work on electricity and magnetism by Michael Faraday André-Marie Ampère , and others into a linked set of twenty differential equations in quaternions , the similar mathematical system used later by Einstein for the theory of relativity . Both theories have many similarities, and we can say that Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism was a precursor of the relativity.

11. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (18311879). Limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.from Theory of Heat (New York D. Appleton Co., 1872), pp. http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/demon.html

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) Limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics from Theory of Heat Before I conclude, I wish to direct attention to an aspect of the molecular theory which deserves consideration. This is only one of the instances in which conclusions which we have drawn from our experience of bodies consisting of an immense number of molecules may be found not to be applicable to the more delicate observations and experiments which we may suppose made by one who can perceive and handle the individual molecules which we deal with only in large masses. In dealing with masses of matter, while we do not perceive the individual molecules, we are compelled to adopt what I have described as the statistical method of calculation, and to abandon the strict dynamical method, in which we follow every motion by the calculus. It would be interesting to enquire how far those ideas about the nature and methods of science which have been derived from examples of scientific investigation in which the dynamical method is followed are applicable to our actual knowledge of concrete things, which, as we have seen, is of an essentially statistical nature, because no one has yet discovered any practical method of tracing the path of a molecule, or of identifying it at different times. I do not think, however, that the perfect identity which we observe between different portions of the same kind of matter can be explained on the statistical principle of the stability of the averages of large numbers of quantities each of which may differ from the mean. For if of the molecules of some substance such as hydrogen, some were of slightly greater mass than others, we have the means of producing a separation between molecules of different masses, and in this way we should be able to produce two kinds of hydrogen, one of which would be somewhat denser than the other. As this cannot be done, we must admit that the equality which we assert to exist between the molecules of hydrogen applies to each individual molecule, and not merely to the average of groups of millions of molecules.

12. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (18311879). On the Dynamical Evidence of theMolecular Constitution of Bodies. J. Chem. Soc. (London) 28, 493 http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/maxwell1.html

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) On the Dynamical Evidence of the Molecular Constitution of Bodies J. Chem. Soc. (London) , 493-508 (1875) [facsimile published in Mary Jo Nye, The Question of the Atom (Los Angeles: Tomash, 1984)] Of all hypotheses as to the constitution of bodies, that is surely the most warrantable which assumes no more than that they are material systems, and proposes to deduce from the observed phenomena just as much information about the conditions and connections of the material system as these phenomena can legitimately furnish. In studying the constitution of bodies we are forced from the very beginning to deal with particles which we cannot observe. For whatever may be our ultimate conclusions as to molecules and atoms, we have experimental proof that bodies may be divided into parts so small that we cannot perceive them. Hence, if we are careful to remember that the word particle means a small part of a body, and that it does not involve any hypothesis as to the ultimate divisibility of matter, we may consider a body as made up of particles, and we may also assert that in bodies or parts of bodies of measurable dimensions, the number of particles is very great indeed. The next thing required is a dynamical method of studying a material system consisting of an immense number of particles, by forming an idea of their configuration and motion, and of the forces acting on the particles, and deducing from the dynamical theory those phenomena which, though depending on the configuration and motion of the invisible particles, are capable of being observed in visible portions of the system.

13. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist who lived between18311879. Portrait of James Clerk Maxwell Image digitized by JC Max, Inc. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/people/enlightenment/maxwell.html

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish physicist who lived between 1831-1879. He studied Saturn's rings and suggested that they were composed of solid particles. This theory was confirmed 100 years later by the Voyager 1 space probe. Maxwell is most famous for his equations linking electricity and magnetism . His revolutionary work lead to the development of quantum physics in the early 1900's and to Einstein's theory of relativity. Portrait of James Clerk Maxwell Image digitized by J.C. Max, Inc. from engraving by G.J. Stoddard from photograph by Fergus of Greenock appearing in "The Life of James Clerk Last modified February 27, 1997 by the Windows Team The source of this material is Windows to the Universe , at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/

14. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. 1831 až 1879. teorie elektromagnetického pole.Roku 1865 ucinil Maxwell matematický záver, že jsou možné http://www.edunet.cz/fyzikove/Maxwell.html

James Clerk Maxwell 1831 až 1879 teorie elektromagnetického pole Roku 1865 uèinil Maxwell matematický závìr, že jsou možné elektromagnetické vlny, které se šíøí rychlostí svìtla. V letech 1868-69 Maxwell vypoèítal velmi pøesnì rychlost svìtla. Ve svém spisu z let 1855-56 podává Maxwell matematické vyjádøení pojmu Faradyových siloèar. Podrobil v nìm prùbìh magnetických siloèar v blízkosti elektrického proudu a dospìl tak k dobøe známé vektorové diferenciální rovnici, podle níž každá jednotlivá proudová linie vytváøí vírové magnetické pole. Ve svém pozdìjším pojednání z roku 1862 Maxwell pøipojil k vodivému proudu také proud posuvný, který se objevuje v každém dialektriku, mìní-li se intenzita elektrického pole a teprve s proudem vodivým tvoøí celkový proud stále v sebe uzavøený. Maxwellova teorie magnetismu pøedpokládá, že magnetizace je úmìrná intenzitì magnetického pole; ve skuteènosti dosahije magnetizace u kovových tìles pøi vzrùstající intenzitì pole hodnoty nysycení, která daleko pøesahuje hodnoty magnetizace dosažitelné u jiných látek. U magneticky tvrdých materiálù závisí magnetizace podstatnì ménì na okamžité intenzitì pole než na pøedchozí úpravì. Jinak by totiž neexistovaly trvalé magnety. Roku 1860 Maxwell na základì vlastních mìøení vnitøního tøení zjistil, že všechny molekuly nemají stejnou rychlost, proto je difúze pomalá. Odvodil zákon rozdìlení rychlostí, pojmenovaný po nìm.

15. J.C. Max, Inc. - About James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (18311879). It appears in The Life of James ClerkMaxwell, by Lewis Campbell and William Garnett, published in 1882. http://www.jcmax.com/maxwell2.html

James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) The image of Maxwell above was probably taken from a portrait. It appears (with no information about its origin) in the book Great Men of Science, by Philipp Lenard, published in 1933. This image of Maxwell was digitized from an engraving by G. J. Stodart from a photograph by Fergus of Greenock. It appears in The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, by Lewis Campbell and William Garnett, published in 1882. James Clerk Maxwell's supreme contribution to physics, his characterization of the mathematical laws that govern electromagnetic phenomena, gained acceptance only slowly from his peers. Indeed, his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism was published in 1873 but not truly appreciated (even though eagerly read and studied) for more than ten years after his death. In part this was due to the difficulty of determining if the electrical waves his work predicted existed. Of course Hertz later demonstrated that they did, and we know now that Maxwell was correct in surmising that light itself was an electromagnetic wave. Maxwell's equations summarize an astounding scope of phenomena in an equally astounding set of simple mathematical relations. They are even more remarkable for the still simpler form they take in the four dimensional spacetime of special relativity, which they helped to lead Einstein to discover some years later.

16. James Clerk Maxwell JAMES CLERK MAXWELL A NOTE. The story of the paradigm shift associated withthe work of James Clerk Maxwell exemplifies this effect very well. http://www.ee.scu.edu/eefac/healy/max.html

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL: A NOTE Tim Healy Santa Clara University In 1962 Thomas Kuhn wrote a classic treatise on the philosophy of science titled "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". The central theme is that science works by agreeing on world views or paradigms which describe the laws, the rules and the assumptions of science. When a scientific paradigm fails to account for new observations, there needs to be a "paradigm shift" to a new view of the world. In general paradigm shifts take quite a while to occur, primarily because the existing paradigm is entrenched in the scientists of the day. Typically, young newcomers, who do not have as strong a commitment to the paradigm as their elders, take up a new idea and try to accomplish a paradigm shift. This may take as long as a generation - perhaps 20 to 25 years - until the previous generation has left the scene. The story of the paradigm shift associated with the work of James Clerk Maxwell exemplifies this effect very well. The story is told in an outstanding recent book (1). A brief timeline sumarizes what happened: 1873: Maxwell's treatise is published 1873 - 1885: Maxwell's work is largely ignored except by a small group of workers 1879: Maxwell dies 1884: Oliver Heaviside expresses Maxwell's Equations as we know them today 1888: Maxwell's wave theory verified by Hertz 1890's: Maxwell's theory begins to gain wide acceptance 1996: We write Maxwell's equations as if they were handed down in stone It is indeed a curious footnote to the history of science that Maxwell didn't live long enough to see Maxwell's Equations, as we know them today.

17. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell. Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves.James Clerk Maxwell (18311879) was a Scottish physicist. http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/note/kagaku/e/kag12_e.html

James Clerk Maxwell Proved the existence of electromagnetic waves James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) was a Scottish physicist. His works are often said to have been the most important produced after Isaac Newton and before Albert Einstein. Maxwell produced an equation that two types of power - electricity and magnetism - could be unified, proving the existence of electromagnetic waves. After Maxwell's death, Einstein's theory of relativity overturned all that physicists had accepted as being correct until then, but Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves remained valid.

18. James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879) was abused after his mother died when he was nineby a tutor who thought him stupid and then, at Edinburgh Academy, was seen http://opus.utah.edu/~smith/Classes/666/lectures/lecture5/maxwell.html

James Clerk Maxwell Philip J. Smith Last modified: Wed Jan 15 10:59:17 MST

19. The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation To promote, encourage, and advance the study of, research into, and the dissemination of knowledge of and relating to physics, chemistry and physical chemistry in all their aspects and in particular, but without prejudice to the foregoing generality, colloids and interfaces. Based in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. http://www.rpi.edu/~rosss2/maxwell1.html

THE JAMES CLERK MAXWELL FOUNDATION The James Clerk Maxwell Foundation has essentially two functions, one charitable and the other commemorative. Its general purposes are outlined in the first two items of its Deed of Declaration of Trust, dated 12 January 1977: "1. To promote, encourage, and advance the study of, research into, and the dissemination of knowledge of and relating to physics, chemistry and physical chemistry in all their aspects and in particular, but without prejudice to the foregoing generality, colloids and interfaces. "2. To commemorate, by publishing or contributing towards or promoting the publication in any way (but not with a view to profit) of scientific or educational books, films, papers, essays, monographs and/or lectures on or relating to physics and chemistry or any aspect thereof, the said James Clerk Maxwell and any other person or persons who may in the opinion of the Trustees have contributed significantly to the advancement of physics or chemistry." The charitable function of the Foundation was its only concern during the years 1977-93. Grants were made to senior scientists (professors) to attend meetings abroad and to junior scientists (graduates and undergraduates) to assist their studies or researches. As the Foundation is a modest one, these grants were not large, but even so were often essential for the purposes of the recipients. With the acquisition of the house in which Clerk Maxwell was born, in the New Town of Edinburgh, the work of the Foundation entered a new phase in which its commemorative function predominated. Once the current mortgage is discharged, the Foundation will be able to execute its charitable function to a greater degree than is possible at present.

20. Encyclopædia Britannica Encyclopædia Britannica. maxwell, james clerk. Encyclopædia Britannica Article http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=114888

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