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         Malus Etienne Louis:     more detail
  1. 1775 Births: André-Marie Ampère, Jane Austen, J. M. W. Turner, Paul Johann Anselm Ritter Von Feuerbach, Lucien Bonaparte, Étienne-Louis Malus
  2. Etienne-Louis Malus (1775-1812) et la théorie corpusculaire de la by André Chappert, 2002-10-07

21. Timeline Of Electromagnetism And Classical Optics - Wikipedia
1808 etienne-louis malus discovers polarization by reflection,; 1809 - etienne-louismalus publishes the law of malus which predicts the light intensity
http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_electromagnetism_and_classical_optics
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Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics

22. Optics 6
etiennelouis malus (1775-1812) was another graduate of the ÉcolePolytechnique. He rose to the rank of colonel in Napoleon’s
http://www.ee.umd.edu/~taylor/optics6.htm
....Optics Highlights VI Wave Optics T Laplace, Fourier and Poisson th Century, the unsuccessful attempts of Fizeau and then of Michelson and Morley to measure the drag of the ether on light waves led to Einstein Thomas Young (1773-1829), as his epitaph in Westminster Abbey states, was "a man alike eminent in almost every department of human learning." As a medical student he discovered the way the eye lens changes shape in order to focus and the cause of astigmatism. Proficient in many languages, he later made the first nearly correct translation of the Rosetta Stone. His diverse scientific accomplishments included contributions to the theory of elasticity. Influenced by Euler’s arguments, he attempted to prove the wave nature of light, discovered interference and published numerous papers arguing in favor of the wave theory during the first decade of the 19 th century. A savage anonymous review of his work in 1803 in the

23. History Of Astronomy: Persons (M)
Malmquist, Karl Gunnar (18931982) Very short biographical data and links. malus,etienne louis (1775-1812) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist.
http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_m.html
History of Astronomy Persons
History of Astronomy: Persons (M)
Deutsche Fassung

24. Goethe-Museum Düsseldorf
Translate this page Lissandrino), X,3. Malthus, Daniel, II,70. malus, etienne louis, IV,84 IV,86.Manilius, Marcus, III,63 IV,81. Mann, Thomas, II,23 nach X,60 X,67 X,68 X,69.
http://www.goethe-museum.com/deutsch/Register/personen i-r.htm
zurück zur Registerauswahl I J K ... R I nach oben zum Seitenanfang Iffland , August Wilhelm VIII,1 VIII,2 VIII,12 VIII,14 ... VIII,36 Immermann , Karl IX,124 Isabey , Jean-Baptiste IX,18 Ischdiwenijem , E.W. II,71 Iversen , David II,43 J nach oben zum Seitenanfang Jackson , E. Nevill II,65 Jacobi, Carl Wigand Maximilian VI,1 VI,36 Jacobi, Clara Franziska VI,1 Jacobi, Eduard VI,3 Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich ("Fritz") II,38 II,90 IV,4 V,100 ... VI,40 Jacobi, Helene Elisabeth ("Betty" geb. von Clermont) VI,1 VI,5 Jacobi, Helene Sophie Friederike ("Fritze" geb. von Clermont) VI,3 Jacobi, Helmut VI,0 Jacobi, Johann Friedrich VI,1 Jacobi, Johann Georg I,64 I,65 II,90 VI,0 ... VI,33 Jacobi, Johann Georg Arnold VI,1 Jacobi, Wolfgang F. H. VI,2 VI,41 Jagemann, Caroline (später Frau von Heygendorff) III,91 VIII,3 VIII,38 VIII,40 ... IX,104 Jagemann, Ferdinand Carl Christian III,95 VII,22 IX,99 Jameson , Anna IX,87 X,32 Janscha , Lorenz VI,8 IX,33 II,27 Jenisch und Stagesche Buchhandlung VIII,59 Jentzsch , Johann Gottfried V,10 Jerusalem, Carl Wilhelm II,19

25. Goethe-Museum-Düsseldorf Rundgang Naturwissenschaften
Translate this page Physiker Thomas Johann Seebeck wurde auf bestimmte Reflexionsphänomene aufmerksam,die sein französischer Kollege etienne louis malus 1810 beobachtet und
http://www.goethe-museum.com/deutsch/0005-deutsch-das museum rundgang naturwisse
IV,67 JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE (1749-1832)
an Thomas Seebeck (1770-1831)
Weimar, den 23. Februar 1815
Goethe dankt für die Skizzen zum Nachbau des "Seebeckischen Apparates", wofür es nötig war, Glas bis zur Glut zu erhitzen und dann schnell abzukühlen. In diesem Zusammenhang bemerkt Goethe:
IV,68 ALESSANDRO GRAF VOLTA (1745-1827)
Dreiviertelfigur, sitzend, halb nach rechts, auf dem Tisch im Hintergrund physikalische Instrumente Kupferstich in Punktiermanier, Mailand 1828, von Luigi Rados (1773-1840) nach Roberto Jocosi, Probedruck vor der Schrift
52,5 x 37 cm
Unter Goethes physikalischen Sammlungsgegenständen befanden sich ein "elektrischer Turm" sowie mehrere "Elektrisiermaschinen".
IV,69 HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED (1777-1851)
Lithographie nach einer Zeichnung von Wilhelm Gertner (1818-1871)
21,9 x 18,1 cm Als Goethes Gast ergriff Oersted 1822 in Weimar die Gelegenheit, sich vom Dichter selbst die "Farbenlehre" vortragen zu lassen, die er vom Standpunkt des Physikers aus einschränkend beurteilte. Kupferstich in Mischtechnik Brustbild FARBENLEHRE Unter dem Datum des 1. März 1788 notierte Goethe im "Zweiten Römischen Aufenthalt":

26. Timelinescience - 1801 To 1850
etiennelouis malus discovers polarised light. 1809, The French botanist and zoologistJean-Baptiste Lamarck states that animals evolved from simple worms.
http://www.timelinescience.org/years/1850.htm
1801 to 1850 Setting the scene In 1804 Napoleon Bonaparte is created Emperor of France. The Napoleonic wars are fought between England and France - the Duke of Wellington and his army defeats Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo on June 18 1815. There is an absolute explosion of science in this period, particularly in France. The 18th century fascination with electricity continues during this time, making full use of Volta's invention of the electric battery, announced in 1800. It is the discovery that electricity and magnetism are linked that leads to the work of people like Faraday Henry and Maxwell The teaching of science changes dramatically during the period. Lots of new fields of scientific research develop, including anthropology, archaeology, cell biology, psychology and organic chemistry. Scientific papers became commonplace, enabling scientists to communicate with one another - the birth of international science. The science John Dalton publishes his law of partial pressures for gases.

27. M/MA MAAS, JOSEPH MAASIN MAASSLUIS MAASTRICHT MABILLON, JOHN
FEVER MALTEBRUN, CONRAD MALTHUS, THOMAS ROBERT MALTON MALTZAN, HEINRICH VON, BARONZU WARTENBURG UND PENZLIN malus, etienne louis MALVACEAE MALVASIA MALVERN
http://1911encyclopedia.org/M/MA/
M/MA
MAAS, JOSEPH
MAASIN
MAASSLUIS
MAASTRICHT ...
MAZZONI, GUIDO

28. Stephen
Stephen Groombridge (17551832) English astronomer. etienne-louis malus (1775-1812)French physicist. Stephan Endlicher (1804-1849) Austrian botanist.
http://www.geocities.com/edgarbook/names/s/stephen.html
For many more names, please return to Edgar's Main Page. Stephen
Gender : Masculine
Language : English
Etymology
Stephen comes from a Greek name, Stephanos
History
Stephen was very common among the early Greeks. In Anglo-Saxon times it only appeared among monks. Stephen became more common in England after the Norman Invasion.
Pronunciation : steev-enn.
Diminutives Steve Stevie
Hawaiian Kiwi
Alternates Steven Estevan Stefen Stefawn Stephon Stevan French Etienne Stephan Stephane German Stephan Stefan German (Low) Steffan Hawaiian Kepano Kiwini Hungarian Istavan Irish Gaelic Stiobhan Italian Stefano Latin Stephanus Polish Szczepan Stefan Russian Stepan Spanish Esteban Estevan Welsh Steffan Steffen Steffon Surnames English Stephenson Stevenson Icelandic Stefanson (male), Stefandottir (female). Famous Bearers Artists and Authors Stefen Lochner Gothic painter. French dramatist. Esteban Manuel de Villegas Spanish poet. Stefano della Bella Baroque printmaker. French sculptor. French architect. Stephen Storace English composer. French composer.

29. Biography-center - Letter M
mcs.stand.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/malus.html; Man Marey, etienne-Jules www.acmi.net.au/AIC/MAREY_BIO.html;Marfan com/doctor.cfm/568.html; Mayer, louis B. www
http://www.biography-center.com/m.html
Visit a
random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish
M
749 biographies

30. III. LA METROLOGÍA ÓPTICA
Translate this page Fue etienne-louis malus quien en París en 1775 resolvió el enigma, con susmúltiples observaciones de fenómenos relacionados con la luz polarizada.
http://lectura.ilce.edu.mx:3000/sites/ciencia/volumen2/ciencia3/084/htm/sec_6.ht

31. The Discovery Of Polarization (polarization.com)
The young etienne louis malus didn't loose his head during the French revolutionnor during the Reign of Terror, but had to follow the Napoleon army in its
http://www.polarization.com/history/history.html
Home Vikings Bees Rainbow ... Space
The Discovery
It is difficult to single out who first discovered polarized light. Early humans could have noticed a peculiar smudge when looking at the sky in certain directions. Moreover, polarization has lots of quirks and was discovered many times in different contexts: even today it is the subject of much research. But the official story goes like this:
Viking tales (circa 700)
Did the Vikings beat Bartholinus by a thousand years? As described elsewhere in Polarization.com, they might have used the polarization of the sky for navigation. Even if they didn't, they did discover Iceland. That (not so icy at the time) land later became the main source of Iceland Spar (nowadays, a more accurate name would be Mexican Spar as the Iceland deposits have been depleted). Iceland Spar had a prime role in the modern discovery of polarization and continues to be a preferred material to split the polarization components of light. It is easy to conceive that a Viking, exhausted after some foray, would have taken some time to play with those transparent crystals and noticed how images were doubled (or was it the beer?).
Bartholinus sees double (1669)
Iceland Spar was involved in the official discovery of polarization. This naturally occurring transparent crystal (optical quality Calcite, CaCO3) separates an image into two displaced images when looked through in certain directions. In 1669, a Danish mathematician at the University of Copenhagen, Erasmus Bartholinus, not only saw double, but also performed some experiments and wrote a 60-page memoir about the results. This was the first scientific description of a polarization effect (the images are polarized perpendicular to each other), and for his efforts he may be considered the discoverer of this hidden property of light.

32. Descendance SALLEMBIER (ou SALLAMBIER)
Translate this page o 13/05/1800 + 25/10/1822) malus Charles François 25/05/1684 + pbt jeune) SALLEMBIER etienne (o 27 o 13/04/1645) SALLEMBIER louis (o 17
http://poutrel.free.fr/descend/sallemb.htm
[ retour accueil Poutrel descendances
Descendance SALLEMBIER / SALLAMBIER (Saint-Denis -93 puis Paris XVIIIè siècle)
Avec le concours de Philippe HAVARD de La MONTAGNE (06/1999) Page mise à jour le 02 juil. 1999
écrivez-nous

33. Review Of VEDERE TECH ARTICLE
etienne louis malus, a French army engineer, discovered polarization.He was intrigued by the crystal calcite. When an object is
http://www.intl-polarizer.com/vederetechartcl.html
Polarized Lens Market Increasing! International Polarizer, Inc. of Marlborough (MA, USA) manufacturers polarizers for scientific, electronic and eyewear markets. The firm, founded in 1985 by leading physicists and Dr. Richard A. Phillips, who is also chairman, applies its expertise, developed in manufacturing films for scientific applications, to the manufacture of films for the eyewear market. It is the world’s largest producer of polarized plastic sheet for the eyewear OEM market. Its staff of renowned scientists continually works to develop improved processes and new uses for polarizers.
Light and Polarization
Light interacts with the eye, solid surfaces and fluids by its wave nature. The three wave properties of light are interference, diffraction and polarization. In the discovery and understanding each of these fundamental properties of nature, Europeans played the historical key role. Robert Hooke of the Royal Society in London discovered interference. He correctly explained colored interference patterns in thin films by interference between the light reflected from the front and rear surfaces of the film. Professor Francesco Maria Grimaldi at Jesuit College in Bologna discovered diffraction. He observed bands of light in the shadow of objects illuminated by a point source. The effect is explained by bending of light as it passes close to an obstacle, such as pinhole or knife edge.

34. Adventures In CyberSound: Investigations With Light : 1704 - 1887
1805 The French struck back right away. etienne louis malus (17751812)discovered the phenomenon of polarization. If you use a
http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/LIGHT_CHRON.html
A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D
Investigations with Light : 1704 - 1887 Prior to the mid 17th century, light was presumed to move instantaneously across any distance. Astronomers at the French Academy showed (by comparing the times they expected to see the moons of Jupiter appear from behind that planet with the times they actually observed (about a 15 minute difference)) that light does travel with a definite speed (their calculations were actually fairly accurate, @ 150,000 miles per second). That finding, generated new interest in the "physics" of light, what is it, how does it propagate, etc. The dominant theory through the end of the 17th century was the undulatory (wave) theory of light. Newton's Opticks of 1704 persuaded almost everybody that light is a stream of corpuscles (particles) and he established the corpuscular theory of light. That held until the early 19th century when the French (in trying to save the corpuscular theory) established a wave theory of light. That lasted until the early 20th century when quantum mechanics told us light can be either a wave or a particle depending on what experiments we do. All that is confusing, but here's an easy mnemonic: In the 17th century light was a wave: in the 18th, it became a particle; in the 19th, it turned back into a wave; and finally, in the 20th we've compromised. Under quantum theory and the Uncertainty Principle, we describe light as either a wave or a particle depending on the experiments we choose to make.

35. References
Translate this page Bur. Stand. (US), Circ. 440, (1942). 3 etienne louis malus, Mém. Soc. d'Arcueil2, 143, 149 (1808-1809). Mém. Savants étrangers 2, 303 (1810-1811).
http://museum.nist.gov/panels/bates/references.htm
References [1] Bates, F.J., A Quartz Compensated Polariscope with Adjustable Sensibility, Bull. Nat. Bur. Stand. [2] Bates, F.J., et al., Polarimetry, Saccharimetry, and the Sugars, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Circ. 440, (1942). [3] Etienne Louis Malus, Mém. Soc. d'Arcueil , 143, 149 (1808-1809). Mém. Savants étrangers , 303 (1810-1811). Théorie de la double refraction (Paris, 1810) [4] Dominque François Arago, Oeuvres complètes , 54. Mem. l'Institut, Class Math. Phys. [5] Jean Baptiste Biot, Mém. l'Institut, Class Math. Phys. , 18-38 (1814); Bul. Sciences Soc. Philomatique, 190-195 (1815); Mem. Acad. Sci. , 41-136 (1817); Sur la construction des appareils destinés a observer le pouvoir rotatoire des liquides, Ann. chim. phys. [6] William Nicol, Edinb. New Phil. J. Last Updated on November 4,1998
For FurtherInformation Contact:
Robert Schaffer, 301-975-3136 GO TO MAIN PAGE

36. Auteurs De Textes à Valeur Historique Pour Les Sciences
malus; etienne-louis; Sur une propriété de la lumièreréfléchie; ?;; Maricourt (de); Pierre; Epistole de magnete; ?;;
http://www.snes.edu/~adapt/hst/lalpha.htm
Liste par ordre alphabétique d'AUTEURS Page mise à jour le Attention : liste provisoire des oeuvres que nous souhaiterions mettre à disposition. Cette liste doit être réduite de certains titres et enrichie d'autres. Dans certains cas nous vous donnons d'ores et déjà des liens vers les numérisations déjà effectuées quand nous les avons repérées. Dans ce cas vous devez par vous-mêmes évaluer la validité du travail fait. Sur notre site, à terme, les textes numérisés pour nous seront validés par notre comité scientifique et notre équipe et les sources exactes seront données pour les textes obtenus auprès de tiers (édition et responsables de la numérisation). Dans l'ordre : auteur, titre (texte original en principe); date de première apparition ; édition ou réédition ou traduction ou lien
  • Abel; ; Mémoire sur les équations algébriques; 1829; Christiana Acquapendente ; Girolamo Fabrizio; De respiratione et ejus instrumentis; 1615; Acquapendente ; Girolamo Fabrizio ; les valvules veineuses; 1603;

37. June In Chemistry
June 23 etiennelouis malus born 1775 double refraction (birefringence). June24 Eleuthère du Pont born 1771 gunpowder manufacturer; founded DuPont, 1802;
http://webserver.lemoyne.edu/faculty/giunta/June.html
June in Chemistry
Links in these month-by-month files are revised only yearly, when the events are posted on This Week in the History of Chemistry . Click here to view principal sources. June 1 June 2 June 3 June 4 June 5

38. Optikhistoria
1802 William Hyde Wollaston (England). Upptäcker att solens spektrum innehållerett antal mörka linjer. 1808 etienne louis malus (Frankrike).
http://www.mna.hkr.se/historia/modnat/optikhistoria.htm
En kort Historia om Optik och Ljus.
~300 f.kr Euclides från Alexandria.
I Euklides Optica, noteras att ljuset rör sig i röra linjer. Reflektions lagen beskrivs även. Han tror att synen fungerar på så sätt att ögat sänder ut strålar mot objekten man ser. Han studerar även förhållandet mellan uppfattad storlek och vinklarna till objekten och ögat
~100 f.kr Heron(Hero) från Alexandria.
I hans Catoptrica, visar Hero med geometriska metoder att sträckan som ljuset går vid reflektion från en spegel är den kortaste som kan dras från källan till observationspunkten.
~140 e.kr Claudius Ptolemaios (Alexandria).
I en Latinskt översättning från Arabiska från 1100-talet, tillskriven Ptolemaios, beskrivs Brytning, inklusive atmosfärisk brytning. Här föreslås att brytningsvinkeln är proportionell mot infallsvinkeln.
965-1020 Ibn-al-Haitham ( också känd som Alhazen) (f. Basra).
Han använde sig av sfäriska och paraboliska speglar, och var medveten om sfärisk abberation. Han studerade även förstoring och atmosfärisk brytning. Hans arbete översattes till Latin och blev tillgänglig för europeiska vetenskapsmän.
~1220 Robert Grosseteste (England).

39. Mémorial-GenWeb
Translate this page GUYOT, etienne, 1914-1918, Voir les informations complémentaires. MAISON, louis,1914-1918, Voir les informations malus, Jean, 1914-1918, Voir les informations
http://www.memorial-genweb.org/html/fr/resultcommune.php3?id_source=1309

40. Destins - Biographies - M
Translate this page marquise. Il disparaît en 1647 à Paris. Pour en savoir plus ACCUEIL.malus, etienne louis. Né en 1775 à Paris. Physicien. Fils
http://perso.club-internet.fr/j_mirou/me.htm
M Magitot Magnol Mairan Malgaigne ... MACHAUT , Guillaume de. Machaut Pour en savoir plus ACCUEIL MACQUER Pierre Joseph. ACCUEIL MAGITOT Emile. Magitot ACCUEIL MAGNOL Pierre. magnolia ACCUEIL Jean Armand de. ACCUEIL MAIRAN Jean-Jacques de ACCUEIL MALGAIGNE , un , un , des ACCUEIL MALLEVILLE Claude de. Né en 1597 à Paris. Poète. Brillant et imaginatif, de Malleville se joint à Conrart dans le cénacle qui deviendra l'Académie française. Il fréquente aussi le salon de la marquise de Rambouillet, où ses sonnets, stances et élégies lui assurent un franc succès dans les milieux mondains. Il compose neuf madrigaux sur les soixante-deux qui forment la Guirlande de Julie , offerte en 1641 à Julie d' Angennes , fille de la marquise. Il disparaît en 1647 à Paris. Pour en savoir plus ACCUEIL MALUS Etienne Louis. ACCUEIL MARCA Pierre de. De Marca De la concorde du sacerdoce et de l'Etat , et une ACCUEIL MARCHAND , Louis. Pour en savoir plus ACCUEIL MARCHE Antoine Alfred. , et avec de Brazza et Ballay ACCUEIL MARET Hugues. Guyton-Morveau Durey de Noinville.

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