1. Ibn Yunus Biography ibn Tibbon, Jacob (198). ibn yunus, abu'lhasan (1312). ibn Yusuf Ahmed (660) http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/ibnyunus.html

Links Personalities Tour (Next) Previous Ibn Yunus Tour (Next) Ibn Yunus Pages Ibn Yunus Astrology Mathematical Techniques Astronomical Tables General Pages Home Index Ibn Yunus Ibn Yunus (950?-1009) was born in Islamic Egypt and served the Fatimid dynasty for twenty-six years. His most famous work, al-Zij al-Hakimi al-kabir , is notable for its very accurate tabulated results. These may have been obtained using very large instruments. Abu'l-Hasan 'Ali Ibn 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Ahmad Ibn Yunus al-Sadafi came from a respected family in Fustat, his great grandfather having been a companion of the famous legal scholar al-Sahfi and his father being a distinguished historian and scholar of hadith (the sayings of Muhammad). Little is known about his early life or education. Indeed, his date of birth is not known, although 950 has been suggested. As a young man Ibn Yunus witnessed the Fatimid conquest of Egypt and the foundation of Cairo in 969 (Fustat was just outside the new city of Cairo). He served two Caliphs of the dynasty, al-Aziz and al-Hakim, making astronomical observations for them between 977 and 1003. To the second, al-Hakim, he dedicated his major work al-Zij al-Hakimi al-kabir (a zij is an astronomical handbook with tables). He died in 1009.

2. Biography-center - Letter Y australians/yunuping.htm; yunus, abu'lhasan ibn www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/yunus.html;Yushkevich, Adolph http://www.biography-center.com/y.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish Y 42 biographies Yagudin, Alexei www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=98498 Yalow, Rosalyn www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1977/yalow-autobio.html Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman library.thinkquest.org/20117/yalow.html Yamashita, Yasuhiro www.worldsport.com/academy/members/yamashita.php#yamashita Yang, Chen Ning www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1957/yang-bio.html Yang, Yang www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=97016 Yang Hui, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Yang.html Yankovic, Frankie elvispelvis.com/frankyankovic.htm Yaping, Deng www.worldsport.com/academy/members/deng.php#deng Yarnall, Agnes www.wic.org/bio/ayarnall.htm Yates, Robert odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/B/yates/yates.htm Yates Frank,

3. Mathem_abbrev ibn Sinan, Ibrahim. ibn yunus, abu'lhasan. ibn Yusuf Ahmed http://www.pbcc.cc.fl.us/faculty/domnitcj/mgf1107/mathrep1.htm

Mathematician Report Index Below is a list of mathematicians. You may choose from this list or report on a mathematician not listed here. In either case, you must discuss with me the mathematician you have chosen prior to starting your report. No two students may write a report on the same mathematician. I would advise you to go to the library before choosing your topic as there might not be much information on the mathematician you have chosen. Also, you should determine the topic early in the term so that you can "lock-in" your report topic!! The report must include: 1. The name of the mathematician. 2. The years the mathematician was alive. 3. A biography. 4. The mathematician's major contribution(s) to mathematics and an explanation of the importance. 5. A historical perspective during the time the mathematician was alive. Some suggestions on the historical perspective might be: (a) Any wars etc. (b) Scientific breakthroughs of the time (c) Major discoveries of the time (d) How did this mathematician change history etc.

4. History Of Astronomy: Persons (Y) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove). yunus, abu'lhasan ibn (950-1009) http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers_y.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Persons (Y) Yeates, C.S.S. (1872-1961) Short biographical data and archival sources Yerkes, Charles Tyson (1837-1905) Very short biography Astronomical Figures , by John Franch About Yerkes and the history of Yerkes Observatory. From The University of Chicago Magazine, Feb 1997. Find more about Yerkes with Alta Vista Young, Charles Augustus (1834-1908) Very short biography Young, Frederick Mortimer (1860-1927) Short biographical data and archival sources Young, John Watts (b. 1930) Very short biography Young, Reynold Kenneth (1886-1977) Very short biography Young, Thomas (1773-1829) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Yukawa, Hideki (1907-1981) Very short biography (Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove) Yunus, Abu'l-Hasan ibn (950-1009) Short biography and references (MacTutor Hist. Math.) Wolfgang R. Dick Created: 16 Jan 1995. Latest update: 20 Feb 2002

5. Ibn Khaldun On The Mahdi said, "A shi'ah trustworthy.". Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn yunus said, "We used to pass by us from Mutarfif ibn Tarif from abu'lhasan from Hilal ibn 'Umar, 'I http://www.bogvaerker.dk/Bookwright/Mahdi.html

The Mahdi From the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun Section 51 (of the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun) On the matter of the Fatimi (The Mahdi) and the position people take concerning him, removing the veil from all of that. Know that it has been commonly accepted ( mashhour ) among the masses ( al-kaffah The later Sufis have another path with respect to this Fatimi and a way of drawing indications and they probably rely in that upon the unveiling which is the source of their paths. Here we will now mention the hadith which are narrated about this matter and what matters those who deny them have which would invalidate them, and what hadiths with isnads they have with which to oppose them, which we will follow with mention of the Sufis' words so that the sound and authentic of them may become clear to you, insha'Allah ta'ala. Abu Bakr ibn Abi Khaythamah went excessively far, according to that which as-Suhaili transmitted from him, in his collecting the hadith which have been related concerning the Mahdi, so he said, "One of the strangest of them in isnad is that which Abu Bakr al-Iskaf mentioned in his Fawa'id al-Akhbar with an isnad to Malik ibn Anas from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir from Jabir that he said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Whoever denies the Mahdi has become a kafir, and whoever denies the Dajjal has become a liar'." And he said, "In

6. Full Alphabetical Index 780) ibn Qurra, Thabit (1507*) ibn Sina (Avicenna) (1965*) ibn Sinan, Ibrahim (688)ibn Tahir (947) ibn Tibbon, Jacob (198) ibn yunus, abu'lhasan (1312) ibn http://alas.matf.bg.ac.yu/~mm97106/math/alphalist.htm

Full Alphabetical Index The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. A Abbe , Ernst (602*) Abel , Niels Henrik (2899*) Abraham bar Hiyya (641) Abraham, Max Abu Kamil Shuja (1012) Abu Jafar Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (1115) Ackermann , Wilhelm (205) Adams, John Couch Adams, J Frank Adelard of Bath (1008) Adler , August (114) Adrain , Robert (79*) Adrianus , Romanus (419) Aepinus , Franz (124) Agnesi , Maria (2018*) Ahlfors , Lars (725*) Ahmed ibn Yusuf (660) Ahmes Aida Yasuaki (696) Aiken , Howard (665*) Airy , George (313*) Aitken , Alec (825*) Ajima , Naonobu (144) Akhiezer , Naum Il'ich (248*) al-Baghdadi , Abu (947) al-Banna , al-Marrakushi (861) al-Battani , Abu Allah (1333*) al-Biruni , Abu Arrayhan (3002*) al-Farisi , Kamal (1102) al-Haitam , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Hasib Abu Kamil (1012) al-Haytham , Abu Ali (2490*) al-Jawhari , al-Abbas (627) al-Jayyani , Abu (892) al-Karaji , Abu (1789) al-Karkhi al-Kashi , Ghiyath (1725*) al-Khazin , Abu (1148) al-Khalili , Shams (677) al-Khayyami , Omar (2140*) al-Khwarizmi , Abu (2847*) al-Khujandi , Abu (713) al-Kindi , Abu (1151) al-Kuhi , Abu (1146) al-Maghribi , Muhyi (602) al-Mahani , Abu (507) al-Marrakushi , ibn al-Banna (12)

7. Yunus abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn yunus. ibn yunus's full name isabu'l-hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn yunus al-Sadafi. http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Yunus.html

Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus Born: 950 in Egypt Died: 1009 in Fustat, Egypt Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Ibn Yunus 's full name is Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi. As the name indicates, his great-grandfather was called Yunus, his grandfather was Ahmad, and his father Abd al-Rahman. It was a family of scholars, his father Abd al-Rahman being a noted historian. We know little of ibn Yunus's childhood but we do know that he grew up in a period of military conquest in Egypt. The Fatimid political and religious dynasty took its name from Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. The Fatimids headed a religious movement dedicated to taking over the whole of the political and religious world of Islam. As a consequence they refused to recognise the 'Abbasid caliphs. The Fatimid caliphs ruled North Africa and Sicily during the first half of the 10th century, but after a number of unsuccessful attempts to defeat Egypt, they began a major advance into that country in 969 conquering the Nile Valley. They founded the city of Cairo as the capital of their new empire. Ibn Yunus was closely connected with the Fatimids and two Caliphs supported his scientific work. The first of these Caliphs was al-Aziz, who was the first of the Fatimid caliphs to begin his reign in Egypt. Al-Aziz became Caliph in 975 on the death of his father al-Mu'izz and, two years later, ibn Yunus began to make astronomical observations. Although there is uncertainty about the instruments that ibn Yunus used, it is claimed by early writers that al-Aziz provided ibn Yunus with at least some instruments.

8. Yunus Biography of ibn yunus (9501009) abu'l-hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn yunus. Born 950 in Egypt http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Yunus.html

Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Yunus Born: 950 in Egypt Died: 1009 in Fustat, Egypt Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Ibn Yunus 's full name is Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi. As the name indicates, his great-grandfather was called Yunus, his grandfather was Ahmad, and his father Abd al-Rahman. It was a family of scholars, his father Abd al-Rahman being a noted historian. We know little of ibn Yunus's childhood but we do know that he grew up in a period of military conquest in Egypt. The Fatimid political and religious dynasty took its name from Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. The Fatimids headed a religious movement dedicated to taking over the whole of the political and religious world of Islam. As a consequence they refused to recognise the 'Abbasid caliphs. The Fatimid caliphs ruled North Africa and Sicily during the first half of the 10th century, but after a number of unsuccessful attempts to defeat Egypt, they began a major advance into that country in 969 conquering the Nile Valley. They founded the city of Cairo as the capital of their new empire. Ibn Yunus was closely connected with the Fatimids and two Caliphs supported his scientific work. The first of these Caliphs was al-Aziz, who was the first of the Fatimid caliphs to begin his reign in Egypt. Al-Aziz became Caliph in 975 on the death of his father al-Mu'izz and, two years later, ibn Yunus began to make astronomical observations. Although there is uncertainty about the instruments that ibn Yunus used, it is claimed by early writers that al-Aziz provided ibn Yunus with at least some instruments.

9. IJ Index Ibrahim (688), ibn Tahir (947) ibn Tibbon, Jacob (198) ibn yunus, abu'lhasan (1312)ibn Yusuf Ahmed (660) Ibrahim, ibn Sinan (688) Ingham, Albert (539*), Ito http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/IJ.html

Names beginning with I or J The number of words in the biography is given in brackets. A * indicates that there is a portrait. ibn al-Banna ibn Iraq , Mansur (1190) ibn Ishaq Hunayn (780) ibn Qurra , Thabit (1507*) ibn Sina (Avicenna) (1965*) ibn Sinan , Ibrahim (688) ibn Tahir ibn Tibbon , Jacob (198) ibn Yunus , Abu'l-Hasan (1312) ibn Yusuf Ahmed (660) Ibrahim , ibn Sinan (688) Ingham , Albert (539*) Ito , Kiyosi (1545*) Iraq , Mansur ibn (1190) Ivory , James (245) Iwasawa , Kenkichi (1331*) Iyanaga , Skokichi (1132*) Jabir ibn Aflah Jacobi , Carl (2614*) Jacobson , Nathan (453*) Jafar , Abu al-Khazin (1148) Jagannatha , Samrat (406) James , Ioan (773*) Jamshid , al-Kashi (1725*) Janiszewski , Zygmunt (1645*) Janovskaja , Sof'ja (183*) Jarnik , Vojtech (468*) Jawhari , al-Abbas al (627) Jayyani , Abu al (892) Jeans , Sir James (2242*) Jeffrey , George (373*) Jeffreys , Sir Harold (734*) Jensen , Johan (539*) Jerrard , George (245) Jevons , William (1771*) Joachimsthal , Ferdinand (368*) John , Fritz (1077*) John of Holywood Johnson, Anna (Wheeler) (504*) Johnson, Barry

10. Yunus ibn yunus, cuyo nombre completo es abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn yunus al-Sadafi, tuvo una familia de http://members.es.tripod.de/Torbi/astronomiaenelmundoarabe/yunus.htm

Biografías Ibn Yunus Nació: 950 en Egipto Murió: 1009 en Fustat, Egipto Ibn Yunus, cuyo nombre completo es Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi, tuvo una familia de estudiantes. Como su nombre indica, su bisabuelo se llamaba Yunus, su abuelo Ahmad, y su padre Abd al-Rahman. Este último fue historiador. Se conoce poco de la infancia de ibn Yunus, pero se sabe que creció en un periodo de conquistas militares en Egipto. La dinastía fatimí política y religiosa tomó el nombre de Fátima, la hija del Profeta Muhammad. Eran un movimiento religioso que quería y se dedicaba a tomar posesión del mundo político y religioso del Islam. Como consecuencia, ellos rehusaron reconocer el califato abásida. Los califas fatimíes gobernaron el norte de África y Sicilia durante la primera mitad del siglo X, pero después de un número de intentos infructuosos de conquistar Egipto , empezaron un ataque mayor dentro del país en el año 969 llegando a conquistar el Valle del Nilo. Fundaron la ciudad del Cairo, y la nombraron capital del nuevo imperio. Ibn Yunus estaba muy relacionado con los fatimíes, llevando su trabajo científico con dos califas. El primero de estos califas fue al-Aziz, que fue el primero de los califas fatimíes que empezó su reino en Egipto. Al-Aziz llegó a califa en el año 975 a la muerte de su padre al-Mu'izz y, dos años más tarde, ibn Yunus empezó a hacer observaciones astronómicas. Aunque no se sabe con seguridad los instrumentos que usó, algunos escritores dicen que al-Aziz dió a ibn Yunus al menos algunos instrumentos.

11. Encyclopædia Britannica abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn yunus University of St.Andrews, Scotland Biographicalsketch of this Egyptian mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. http://www.britannica.com/search?query=farabi, al-&ct=igv&fuzzy=N&show=10&start=

12. Encyclopædia Britannica abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn yunus University of St. Andrews Biographicalsketch of this Egyptian astronomer who describes the planetary conjunctions. http://search.britannica.com/search?query=ibn battutah&fuzzy=N&ct=igv&start=6&sh

13. C.E. 1 - 999 abu'lhasan ibn yunus (950-1009 CE) Aside from his book with 81 chapters, this Astrologerproduced many trigonometric tables designed for astronomical purposes http://nunic.nu.edu/~frosamon/history/ce999.html

HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA (370-413 C.E.) As one of the first documented female Mathematicians, Astronomers and Philosophers, find out how she spread her knowledge and how her life brutally ended. ABU'L-HASAN IBN YUNUS (950-1009 C.E.) Aside from his book with 81 chapters, this Astrologer produced many trigonometric tables designed for astronomical purposes. MAYAN CALENDAR (200 C.E.) DIOPHANTUS OF ALEXANDRIA(250 C.E.) 250 BC Number Theory, Algebra Diophantus worked during the middle of the 3rd century, is best known for his Arithmetica, a work on the theory of numbers. The Arithmetica is a collection of 130 problems giving numerical solutions of determinate equations (those with a unique solution) and interminate equations. The method for solving these equations is now known as Diophantine analysis. Diophantus was always satisfied with a rational solution and did not require a whole number. He did not deal in negative solutions and one solution was all he required. Most of the Arithmetica problems lead to quadratic equations. He also introduced an algebraic symbolism that used an abbreviation for the unknown. BEDE'S LIFE (673-735 C.E.)

14. Lunar Republic : Craters 91.1E. 58. abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn yunus al-Sadafi; Egyptianastronomer, mathematician and astrologer (950-1009). ibn Rushd. 11.7S. 21.7E. http://www.lunarrepublic.com/gazetteer/crater_i.shtml

Craters (I) Craters A B C D ... Return To Gazetteer Index Latin Name Lat Long Diam Origin Ian Scottish male name. Ibn Battuta Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta (Shams ad-Din); Moroccan explorer and geographer (1304-1377). Ibn Firnas Abul Qasim Ibn Firnas; Spanish-Arab humanitarian, technologist, chemist; believed by many to be the first man in history to make a scientific attempt at flying (?-c. A.D. 887). Ibn Yunus Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad ibn Yunus al-Sadafi; Egyptian astronomer, mathematician and astrologer (950-1009). Ibn Rushd Abul-Waleed Muhammad (Averroes); Spanish-Arab philosopher, metaphysicist (1126-1198). Icarus Greek mythical flyer. Idel'son Naum I.; Soviet astronomer (1885-1951). Ideler Christian Ludwig; German astronomer (1766-1846). Il'in N.Ja.; Soviet rocketry scientist (1901-1937). Ina Latin female name. Ingalls Albert L.; American optician (1888-1958). Inghirami Giovanni; Italian astronomer (1779-1851). Innes Robert T. A.; Scottish astronomer (1861-1933).

15. Arabic Studies In Physics And Astronomy During 800 - 1400 AD abu'lhasan Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn yunus (950-1009) is most famous for his manytrigonometrical and astronomical tables which numbered even greater than Al http://www.phys.jyu.fi/homepages/agar/arabs.html

Essay Two: Arabic Studies in Physics and Astronomy During 800 - 1400 AD After the fading of the ancient Greeks, the next steps in science were taken in a different society. Muslim armies, which had been unified by Mohammed's doctrine, began their conquest in 636. The Muslims seized Syria, Iraq, Mesopotamia and Egypt. Their influence extended through Turkey, North Africa, Spain and as far east as the borders of China. The Arabs absorbed ideas from mathematics, astronomy and other sciences from the cultures and regions they conquered. By the year 750 the wars had subsided and a time of relative peace existed. Scholars from different regions gathered in Baghdad and caliph Al Mamun established a House of Wisdom in the city. At this time many Greeks texts were translated into Arabic for the first time. Most of the Arabs' work was in the field of mathematics and astronomy but there was also significant advances made in physics. This paper will limit itself in discussing advances in the two latter fields. Al-Sabi Thabit ibn Qurra al-Harrani (826-901) revised many of the translated Greek works and was one of the first reformers of Ptolemy's system. He wrote Kitab

16. What Is Shi ibn yunus alNabati al-'Amili (d. 1473). *Kitab al-sirat al-mustaqim. ibnAbi Jumhur al-Ahsa'i (d. 1502). Sayyid abu'l-hasan Jilwah (d. 1896). http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/THRS/Rizvi.htm

What is Shi'i Philosophy? Towards a Typology of Philosophical Inquiry in the Shi'i Ithna'ashari Traditions. Sajjad H Rizvi, Institute of Ismaili Studies Shi'i Studies Worshop, Bristol University 6 April 2002. What is philosophy in Islam and specifically in Shi'ism? Is there a uniquely Shi'i philosophy and what modalities of this phenomenon might there be? Beginning with the assumption that philosophy is not an inquiry limited to the analytical Anglo-American tradition, I argue that philosophy must be understood in terms of its content and form and not necessarily in terms of its subject. Thus as long as an argument is rigorously applied consistent with its logic, it is philosophical in nature. Specifically, philosophy addresses arguments about the nature of ‘reality’, understood in the widest sense of the term possible, thus allowing for a philosophical hermeneutics of revelation. Coming to terms with revelation is a critical means by which a believer makes sense of reality. Philosophical discussion in Shi'ism on reality often focuses on a well known exchange in which Kumayl asks Imam 'Ali, ‘what is reality? ( ma'l-haqiqa )’. Now what makes such philosophy Shi'i, I would contend, is the central role of the concept of sanctity, authority and friendship embedded in the term

17. Mad4. He said to me, 'abu'lhasan, when I hope to be gathered in the party of the menof knowledge can I be gathered in the party of yunus said, ibn Wahb said http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/mad4.html

'Abdullah ibn Wahb ibn Muslim al-Qurashi (123/740 - 197/812), the student of Imam Malik A Qurayhsi client, the client of Yazid ibn Rayhana. It is also said that he was the client of the Banu Fihr. Abu't-Tahir said, "Muslim, his grandfather, was a Berber." He related from Malik, al-Layth, Ibn Abi Dhib, Yunus ibn Yazid, ath-Thawri, Ibn 'Uyayna, Ibn Jurayj, Ibn An'am, 'Abdu'l-'Aziz ibn al-Majishun, Yahya ibn Ayyub, and about four hundred shaykhs among the Egyptians, Hijazis and Iraqis. He recited with Nafi', and al-Layth related from him and clearly stated his name. Some of the people who related from him were Asbagh ibn al-Faraj, Sahnun, Ahmad ibn Salih, Ibn Bukayr, Yunus, Abu't-Tahir, Qutayba, Ibn 'Ufayr, al-Waqqar, al-Qaratisi, al-Harith ibn Miskin, the Banu 'Abdu'l-Hakam, Harmala, Abu Mus'ab az-Zuhri and others. Abu't-Tahir said, "Ibn Wahb listened to Malik by some ten years before Ibn al-Qasim. He kept Malik's company from 148 until he died. Ibn Wahb was not present at his death as he had gone on hajj Ibn Waddah said, "Ibn Wahb went on

18. Fatwa of alHasan al-Lakhmi, the preference of ibn yunus, declaration of in the Mudawwana,in Tabsira al-Hukkam by ibn Farhun 13 reports from abu'l-hasan at-Tanji http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ABewley/fatwa.html

May Allah bless our Master Muhammad and his family and grant them peace. Fatwa and Qada' [sentence] in the Maliki School by Sidi Ali al-'Iraqi al-Husaini Preface I want to preface this study by explaining my reason for choosing this topic. The reason for my choice of this subject lies in the claim made by some ordinary people, and even some eminent thinkers, that holding to a specific school of fiqh leads to the rigidification of fiqh and closing the door of ijtihad . The legal and historical facts are very far from this claim, at least in respect of the application of the Maliki school by its scholars in the Maghrib and Andalusia. That is because the method on which they originated gave Maliki fiqh great flexibility and an extraordinary capacity for adaptation. This productive school has shown itself to be adaptable in different environments and times, right up to present times, by the virtue of the fact that the door of ijtihad in the School remains open right up until today. It is a definitive evidence which refutes the opinion of those who claim that holding to a school of fatwa and qada' (sentence) rigidifies fiqh and makes it capable of being adapted to different places and times.

19. History Of Mathematics: Chronology Of Mathematicians A list of all of the important mathematicians working in a given century.Category Science Math Mathematicians Directories...... SB; Abd alJalil al-Sijzi (c. 970); abu'l-hasan ibn yunus (950-1009)*MT; Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Knidr al-Khujandi (dc 1000) *SB; Abu http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/mathhist/chronology.html

Chronological List of Mathematicians Note: there are also a chronological lists of mathematical works and mathematics for China , and chronological lists of mathematicians for the Arabic sphere Europe Greece India , and Japan Table of Contents 1700 B.C.E. 100 B.C.E. 1 C.E. To return to this table of contents from below, just click on the years that appear in the headers. Footnotes (*MT, *MT, *RB, *W, *SB) are explained below List of Mathematicians 1700 B.C.E. Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT 700 B.C.E. Baudhayana (c. 700) 600 B.C.E. Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT Apastamba (c. 600) Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520) 500 B.C.E. Katyayana (c. 500) Nabu-rimanni (c. 490) Kidinu (c. 480) Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB Meton (c. 430) *SB

20. History Of Astronomy: Index Of Persons Kenneth (18861977); Young, Thomas (1773-1829); Yukawa, Hideki (1907-1981);yunus, abu'l-hasan ibn (950-1009) Z. Zach, Franz Xaver von http://www.astro.uni-bonn.de/~pbrosche/persons/pers-index.html

History of Astronomy Persons History of Astronomy: Index of Persons A Aaronson, Marc (1950-1987) Abbadie, Antoine Thompson d' (1810-1897) Abbe, Cleveland (1838-1916) Abbe, Ernst (1840-1905) Abbon de Fleury [Abbo of Fleury; Albo; Albon Floriacensis] (c. 945-1004) Abbot, Charles Greeley (1872-1973) Abbott, Francis (1799-1883) Abbott, Francis (jnr) (1834-1903) Abel, Niels Henrik (1802-1829) Abell, George Ogden (1927 - 1983) Abetti, Antonio (1846-1928) Abetti, Giorgio (1882-1982) Abiosi, Jean-Baptiste (14th-15th c.) Ablufarabius: see al-Farabi, Mohammed (ca. 870-950) Abney, Sir William de Wiveleslie (1843-1920) Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi [Abraham Ben Chaja [Chija]; Abraham Judaeus] (ca. 1070-1136(?)) Abraham Ben Dior [Ben David, Harischon; Josophat Ben Levi] (12th c.) Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra: see Ezra, Abraham ben Meir ibn (1092-1167) Abraham Zachut (15th c.) Abu Abdallah al-Battani (868-929): see al-Battani Abu al-Hasan: see Ali Ibn Rabban al-Tabari (838-870) Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham (965-1040): see al-Haitham Abu al-Nasr al-Farabi (870-950): see al-Farabi Abu Dschaasar Almansur (712-775) Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (1058-1128): see al-Ghazali Abu Mashar: see Albumazar (787-885) Abu Raihan al-Biruni (973-1048): see al-Biruni Abu'l Fida [Abulfeda], Ismail (1273-1331)

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

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