21. TIME 100 Scientists Thinkers - Edwin Hubble Astronomer edwin hubble He saw a vast universe beyond the Milky Way, then foundthe first hints that it began with a Big Bang BY MICHAEL D. LEMONICK http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html

Sigmund Freud Leo Baekeland Albert Einstein Alexander Fleming ... Tim Berners-Lee Astronomer Edwin Hubble He saw a vast universe beyond the Milky Way, then found the first hints that it began with a Big Bang BY MICHAEL D. LEMONICK During the past 100 years, astronomers have discovered quasars, pulsars, black holes and planets orbiting distant suns. But all these pale next to the discoveries Edwin Hubble made in a few remarkable years in the 1920s. At the time, most of his colleagues believed the Milky Way galaxy, a swirling collection of stars a few hundred thousand light-years across, made up the entire cosmos. But peering deep into space from the chilly summit of Mount Wilson, in Southern California, Hubble realized that the Milky Way is just one of millions of galaxies that dot an incomparably larger setting. Hubble went on to trump even that achievement by showing that this galaxy-studded cosmos is expandinginflating majestically like an unimaginably gigantic balloona finding that prompted Albert Einstein to acknowledge and retract what he called "the greatest blunder of my life." Hubble did nothing less, in short, than invent the idea of the universe and then provide the first evidence for the Big Bang theory, which describes the birth and evolution of the universe. He discovered the cosmos, and in doing so founded the science of cosmology. Hubble's astronomical triumphs earned him worldwide scientific honors and made him the toast of Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940sthe confidant of Aldous Huxley and a friend to Charlie Chaplin, Helen Hayes and William Randolph Hearst. Yet nobody (except perhaps Hubble) could have imagined such a future when the 23-year-old Oxford graduate began his first job, in New Albany, Ind., in 1913.

22. Edwin Hubble The twenty most influential scientists and thinkers of the 20th century. But all these pale next to the discoveries edwin hubble made in a few remarkable years in the 1920s. http://time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble.html

Sigmund Freud Leo Baekeland Albert Einstein Alexander Fleming ... Tim Berners-Lee Astronomer Edwin Hubble He saw a vast universe beyond the Milky Way, then found the first hints that it began with a Big Bang BY MICHAEL D. LEMONICK During the past 100 years, astronomers have discovered quasars, pulsars, black holes and planets orbiting distant suns. But all these pale next to the discoveries Edwin Hubble made in a few remarkable years in the 1920s. At the time, most of his colleagues believed the Milky Way galaxy, a swirling collection of stars a few hundred thousand light-years across, made up the entire cosmos. But peering deep into space from the chilly summit of Mount Wilson, in Southern California, Hubble realized that the Milky Way is just one of millions of galaxies that dot an incomparably larger setting. Hubble went on to trump even that achievement by showing that this galaxy-studded cosmos is expandinginflating majestically like an unimaginably gigantic balloona finding that prompted Albert Einstein to acknowledge and retract what he called "the greatest blunder of my life." Hubble did nothing less, in short, than invent the idea of the universe and then provide the first evidence for the Big Bang theory, which describes the birth and evolution of the universe. He discovered the cosmos, and in doing so founded the science of cosmology. Hubble's astronomical triumphs earned him worldwide scientific honors and made him the toast of Hollywood during the 1930s and 1940sthe confidant of Aldous Huxley and a friend to Charlie Chaplin, Helen Hayes and William Randolph Hearst. Yet nobody (except perhaps Hubble) could have imagined such a future when the 23-year-old Oxford graduate began his first job, in New Albany, Ind., in 1913.

23. TIME 100 Scientists Thinkers - Edwin Hubble Page 1 Page 2 Page 3. edwin hubble. hubble's Time . Learn more aboutedwin hubble! Check out Barnes and Noble's TIME 100 bookstore. http://www.time.com/time/time100/scientist/profile/hubble02.html

Sigmund Freud Leo Baekeland Albert Einstein Alexander Fleming ... Tim Berners-Lee Up on the mountain, Hubble encountered his greatest scientific rival, Harlow Shapley, who had already made his reputation by measuring the size of the Milky Way. Using bright stars called Cepheid variables as standardized light sources, he had gauged the galaxy as being an astounding 300,000 light-years across10 times as big as anyone had thought. Yet Shapley claimed that the Milky Way was the whole cosmic ball of wax. The luminous nebulae were, he insisted, just what they looked like: clouds of glowing gas that were relatively nearby. Hubble wasn't so sure. And in 1924, three years after Shapley departed to take over the Harvard Observatory, Hubble found proof to the contrary. Spotting a Cepheid variable star in the Andromeda nebula, Hubble used Shapley's technique to show that the nebula was nearly a million light-years away, far beyond the bounds of the Milky Way. It's now known to be the full-fledged galaxy closest to our own in a universe that contains tens of billions of galaxies. "I do not know," Shapley wrote Hubble in a letter quoted by biographer Christianson, "whether I am sorry or glad to see this break in the nebular problem. Perhaps both." (Hubble was not entirely magnanimous in victory. To the end he insisted on using the term nebulae instead of Shapley's preferred galaxies.) Hubble's scientific reputation was made almost overnight by his discovery that the universe is vast and the Milky Way insignificant. But he had already moved on to a new problem. For years, astronomers had noted that light from the nebulae was redder than it should be. The most likely cause of this so-called red shifting was motion away from the observer. (The same sort of thing happens with sound: a police car's siren seems to drop in pitch abruptly as the car races past a listener.)

24. Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biography hubble, edwin (18891953), References. Christianson, G. E. edwin hubbleMariner of the Nebulae. New York Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1995. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Hubble.html

Branch of Science Astronomers Nationality American Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953) American astronomer who determined the extragalactic distance scale by locating Cepheid variables in the galaxy M31 from the Mount Wilson Observatory in 1924 and NGC 6822 in 1925. Using the galactic period-luminosity relationship (which was actually not quite correct, as was discovered by Baade ), he determined distances. Extending distance determinations by using the brightest star in galaxies, he (with Humason ) proposed the Hubble law which states v Hl . Hubble's original 1936 value for H of 526 km s Mpc was reduced to 200 km s Mpc after the work of Baade , and to between 50 and 100 km s Mpc when Sandage discovered that some of the "stars" Hubble had identified in distance galaxies were actually H II regions. Hubble gives an account of the discovery of the extragalactic nebulae (galaxies) in Realm of the Nebula Baade Humason Additional biographies: Bruce Medalists Bonn References Christianson, G. E. Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1995. Crowe, M. J.

25. Edwin Hubble service in both World Wars. edwin hubble is recongized as having beenone of the foremost astronomers of the modern era. Pete Reppert. http://www.stsci.edu/proof/edwin.html

Edwin P. Hubble (1889-1953) at Mt. Palomar Photo courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology In the 1920s, there was a serious debate over whether galaxies were part of the Milky Way (our galaxy). Using the theoretical groundwork of Henrietta Swan-Leavitt and Harlow Shapley, Hubble's revolutionary observational work proved that galaxies are indeed "island universes". Hubble also outlined a classification system for galaxies that is still in use. His greatest discovery was the linear relationship between a galaxy's distance and the speed with which it is moving. The ratio of the two is known as the Hubble Constant . A key project of the Hubble Space Telescope is to find the value of the Hubble Constant to greater accuracy, in order to resolve several questions of cosmology. Hubble was born in Kentucky, attended college at the University of Chicago and studied law under a Rhodes scholarship at Oxford University. A change of heart led him to pursue astronomy, and he completed his PhD at Chicago's Yerkes Observatory in 1917. He had several other interests, among them boxing. His scientific career was punctuated by service in both World Wars. Edwin Hubble is recongized as having been one of the foremost astronomers of the modern era. Pete Reppert

26. Hubble, Edwin edwin hubble Astronomy edwin hubble http//scienceweek.com/ This web site isa ScienceWeek Focus Report, on a biography of edwin hubble (1889 - 1953 http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/sciencelinks/people/h/hubbleedwin.html

ScienceLinks: Reviews of quality educational web sites for Science Teachers Edwin Hubble Astronomy: Edwin Hubble http://scienceweek.com/ This web site is a Science-Week Focus Report, on a biography of Edwin Hubble (1889 - 1953), published in Astronomy , February 1999. It outlines Hubble's observational evidence for the existence of other galaxies and his discovery of the recession of galaxies which later led to the concept of the expanding universe, discoveries fundamental to modern cosmology. There is a note on the effect of Hubble's work on Einstein. Explanatory text notes are provided for concepts mentioned. Related background material shows how red giant stars are used to determine the distance to galactic clusters, and the constraints this places on the Hubble Constant used to determine the age of the Universe. This work yields an age of not more than 12 - 13 billion years. [PC] Rating Home SiteMap Contents ... Peter Cuttle 2001. Last modified 2001-Oct-13.

27. Hubble, Edwin Powell encyclopediaEncyclopedia hubble, edwin Powell. hubble, edwin Powell,1889–1953, American astronomer, b. Marshfield, Mo. He did http://www.infoplease.com/ce5/CE024681.html

The # 1 wireless color security cam! Ultimate home movie ! Genuine Indian and Asian astrology reports and consultations by reputed Vedic Astrologers. Step-by-step guide to finding money for a growing business All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Hubble, Edwin Powell Hubble, Edwin Powell, Slipher 's discovery that galaxies had strong shifts to the red end of their spectra, Hubble used the Cepheids in nearby galaxies to demonstrate that they lie far beyond the Milky Way. Because of an incorrect understanding of the Cepheids, this distance was vastly increased years later. He also suggested that the clusters of galaxies are distributed almost uniformly in all directions, although more recent studies show that clusters are combined into huge superclusters of galaxies: at this new level, however, the distribution appears to be even. He was the first to offer observational evidence to support the theory of the expanding universe, presenting his findings in what is now known as Hubble's law . With Milton Humason, Hubble classified the different types of galaxies including irregular galaxies, three types of spirals and barred spirals, and elliptical galaxies. Included in his writings are

28. Hubble ESA Information Centre - About Hubble - Edwin Hubble Biography This sentence, written by edwin hubble recalling his youth, tells us a lot aboutthis stubborn, ambitious, sometimes even snobbish and arrogant young man. http://www.spacetelescope.org/about/edwinhubble.html

jump to: Astrophysics Future missions Homepage Missions in progress Past missions Publications Solar system Space topics Bepi Colombo Cluster II Darwin FIRST GAIA Giotto Hipparcos Hubble Huygens ISO IUE Integral LISA Mars Express NGST Planck Rosetta SMART-1 SOHO Ulysses XMM-Newton Xeus Edwin Powell Hubble - The man who discovered the cosmos Edwin Powell Hubble "I knew that even if I were second or third rate, it was astronomy that mattered." This sentence, written by Edwin Hubble recalling his youth, tells us a lot about this stubborn, ambitious, sometimes even snobbish and arrogant young man. A man who eventually broke the promise made to his father and followed the path dictated by his passion. As a result of Hubble's work, our perception of mankind's place in the Universe has changed forever: humans have once again been set aside from the centre of the Universe. When scientists decided to name the Space Telescope after the founder of modern cosmology the choice could not have been more appropriate. A promising student Edwin Hubble was born in Missouri in 1889, the son of an insurance executive, and moved to Chicago nine years later. At his high school graduation in 1906, the principal said:

29. General Term: Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953) hubble, edwin (18891953). American Astronomer who found the first evidence ofthe expansion of the universe. The hubble Space Telescope is named after him. http://www.counterbalance.net/physgloss/hubb-body.html

Hubble, Edwin (1889-1953) American Astronomer who found the first evidence of the expansion of the universe. The Hubble Space Telescope is named after him. For more on the Hubble Space Telescope, see http://www.stsci.edu Related Topics: Physics Full Glossary Index To return to the previous topic, click on your browser's 'Back' button.

30. Horrocks, Jeremiah To Hubble, Edwin Powell. Alphabetic Index To Entries. The Col Horrocks, Jeremiah to hubble, edwin Powell. Alphabetic Index to Entries. 2001.Horrocks, Jeremiah to hubble, edwin Powell. Horrocks, Jeremiah. Horsa. horse. http://www.bartleby.com/65/index113.html

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31. Hubble, Edwin Powell. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. hubble, edwin Powell.1889–1953, American astronomer, b. Marshfield, Mo. He did http://www.bartleby.com/65/hu/Hubble-E.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Hubble, Edwin Powell

32. The Bruce Medalists: Edwin Hubble browser lacks the ability to read frames. Don't worry, you can stillenjoy this site. edwin hubble, Bruce Medalist. The Bruce Medalists. http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Hubble/

If you are viewing this text, your browser lacks the ability to read frames. Don't worry, you can still enjoy this site. Edwin Hubble , Bruce Medalist The Bruce Medalists

33. Edwin Hubble Bibliography See also hubble, edwin P., The edwin hubble Papers; previously unpublished manuscriptson the extragalactic nature of spiral nebulae, edited, annotated, and http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Hubble/HubbleRefs.html

Edwin Hubble Bibliography Papers, etc. Papers are at the Huntington Library . Hubble is discussed in many oral history interviews at the AIP Center for History of Physics . See also Hubble, Edwin P., The Edwin Hubble Papers; previously unpublished manuscripts on the extragalactic nature of spiral nebulae, edited, annotated, and with an historical introduction by Norriss S. Hetherington (Pachart Pub. House, Tucson, 1990). Other References: Historical Man Discovers the Galaxies (Science History Pubs., NY, 1976). Bertotti, B., et al, eds., Modern Cosmology in Retrospect (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990). Vistas in Astronomy Jour. RAS Canada Historical Development of Modern Cosmology, ASP Conference Proceedings Vol. 252, Crowe, M. J., Modern Theories of the Universe: From Herschel to Hubble (Dover, NY, 1994). Nature Edwin Hubble Centennial Symposium, U. of California, Berkeley 1989, ed. by Richard G. Kron, A.S.P. conference series v. 10 (Astron. Soc. Pacific, San Francisco, 1999), p. 19-21 PASP Goldsmith, Donald in Neyman, Jerzy, ed., (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974).

34. MWO · History · Hubble At The 100-inch Hooker Telescope Telescope. edwin hubble (18891953) guides the exposure of a photographicplate at the Newtonian focus of the 100-inch telescope in 1923. http://www.mtwilson.edu/History/cal89/cal1189.html

MWO History: Hubble at the 100-inch Hooker Telescope Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) guides the exposure of a photographic plate at the Newtonian focus of the 100-inch telescope in 1923. With this telescope, Hubble measured the distances and velocities of galaxies, work which led to today's concept of an expanding Universe. According to this profound idea, the Universe began ten to twenty billion years ago with a Big Bang. The receding galaxies that Hubble observed trace the expansion of space from that dense beginning. The telescope is a mechanical masterpiece and was dedicated as an International Historical Mechanical Engineering Landmark on June 20, 1981, by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, only the fourth such award granted in the United States. Last Updated:

35. Hubble, Edwin Powell html. encyclopediaEncyclopedia hubble, edwin Powell. hubble, edwinPowell, 1889–1953, American astronomer, b. Marshfield, Mo. He http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0824420.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0824420.html Encyclopedia Hubble, Edwin Powell Hubble, Edwin Powell, Slipher 's discovery that galaxies had strong shifts to the red end of their spectra, Hubble used the Cepheids in nearby galaxies to demonstrate that they lie far beyond the Milky Way. Because of an incorrect understanding of the Cepheids, this distance was vastly increased years later. He also suggested that the clusters of galaxies are distributed almost uniformly in all directions, although more recent studies show that clusters are combined into huge superclusters of galaxies: at this new level, however, the distribution appears to be even. He was the first to offer observational evidence to support the theory of the expanding universe, presenting his findings in what is now known as Hubble's law . With Milton Humason, Hubble classified the different types of galaxies including irregular galaxies, three types of spirals and barred spirals, and elliptical galaxies. Included in his writings are A General Study of Diffuse Galactic Nebulas Extra-Galactic nebulas Spiral Nebula as a Stellar System The Realm of the Nebulas (1936), and

36. OAC: Finding Aids Browse Huntington Library Manuscripts Department hubble(edwin P.) Papers. hubble (edwin P.) Papers. Creator hubble, edwin Powell. http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7b69n8rd

Hubble (Edwin P.) Papers Finding Aids Browse Huntington Library Manuscripts Department Hubble (Edwin P.) Papers Hubble (Edwin P.) Papers View options: Standard Entire finding aid (72K bytes) Contents: Descriptive Summary Administrative Information Biographical Note Scope and Contents Series 1: Manuscripts ... Astronomical Working Papers Descriptive Summary Title: Edwin Powell Hubble Papers, 1900-1989 Collection number: HUB 1-1098 Creator: Hubble, Edwin Powell Extent: 1300 pieces, plus ephemera (reprints and other magazines containing articles about Hubble, a scrapbook, newspaper Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 To access these materials, please contact the contributing institution: Huntington Library, Manuscripts Department Comments? Questions? The Online Archive of California (OAC) is an initiative of the California Digital Library

37. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Hubble, Edwin (A-H) Looking for the best facts and sites on hubble, edwin? World Book Online Articleon hubble, edwin POWELL; Biography Contributions; Brief Biography (PBS); http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Middle_School/S

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Hubble, Edwin document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); World Book Online Article on HUBBLE, EDWIN POWELL Brief Biography (PBS) Brief Overview Hubble Expands the Universe ... Contact Us

38. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Apr. 25, 1990: Hubble Space Telescope Entered Orbit A Entered Orbit Around Earth. World Book Online Article on hubble SPACETELESCOPE; World Book Online Article on hubble, edwin POWELL; http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/Teacher/Resourc

Home About Us Newsletters My Products ... Product Info Center Email this page to a friend! K-5 Apr. 25, 1990: Hubble Space Telescope Entered Orbit Around Earth document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); World Book Online Article on HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE World Book Online Article on HUBBLE, EDWIN POWELL A Day In the Life of the Hubble Telescope A Front Row Seat to the Universe ... Contact Us

39. Edwin Hubble Zwicky. edwin hubble, Hauptseite/Main Page. edwin Powell hubble, edwin hubble. http://www.niester.de/p_natwis/edwin_hubble/edwin_hubble.html

Edwin Hubble Hauptseite/Main Page Deutsch English Edwin Powell Hubble Edwin Hubble Erstellt am:

40. Çãºí Hubble, Edwin Powell The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.3jeong.com/astro/data/hubble.html

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