1. WIC Biography - Grace Hopper The woman who worked on the first commercial computer.Category Kids and Teens School Time Computer Science Scientists......Grace Hopper. Mother of the Computer. The late Rear Admiral Grace Hopper'sspectacular scientific achievements have become international. http://www.wic.org/bio/ghopper.htm

Grace Hopper Mother of the Computer The late Rear Admiral Grace Hopper's spectacular scientific achievements have become international. She had changed the ever-growing world of the computer. As a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Vassar, she went on to receive a M.A. and Ph.D. degree at Yale. Her return to Vassar as an assistant in mathematics progressed to an associate professorship and further studies at New York University. She brought her mathematical abilities to the nation when, in 1943, she entered the U.S. Naval Reserve commissioned as lieutenant. As a senior mathematician with Sperry Rand, she worked on the first commercial computer. As Director of Automatic Programming, she published the first paper on compilers in 1952. Since that time she has published over fifty papers on software and on programming languages. While on active duty with the Naval Data Automation Command, this remarkable woman traveled throughout the world speaking to thousands about the future of computers. She had contributed over $34,000 to the Navy Relief Society from honoraria she had received on those engagements.

2. Grace Murray Hopper Photograph, biography, and references.Category Computers History Pioneers Hopper, Grace Murray......Grace Murray Hopper. December 9, 1906 January 1, 1992. Navy officials askedher to remain a civilian. These obstacles did not stop Grace Hopper. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm

Grace Murray Hopper December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992 Written by Rebecca Norman, Class of 2000 (Agnes Scott College) Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was born in New York City on December 9, 1906, to Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Campbell Horne Murray. The oldest of three children, she was intensely curious at an early age. Even at age seven, she showed a particular love for gadgets, disassembling seven alarm clocks in the attempt to determine how they worked. Hopper's parents provided a strong foundation for her inquisitiveness. She shared her love of math with her mother, who studied geometry by special arrangement when serious study of math was still thought improper for a woman. Her father, a successful insurance broker despite the double amputation of his legs, encouraged all his children, through his speech and example, that they could do anything if they put their minds to it. He inspired Hopper to pursue higher education and to avoid being limited to typical feminine roles. With the outbreak of World War II, Hopper made a life-altering decision to serve her country by joining the Navy. The process was not an easy one. At age 34, weighing 105 pounds, she was considered overage and underweight for military enlistment. In addition, her position as a mathematics professor was declared crucial to the war effort. Navy officials asked her to remain a civilian. These obstacles did not stop Grace Hopper. She obtained a waiver for the weight requirement, special government permission, and a leave of absence from Vassar College. In December 1943, she was sworn into the U.S. Naval Reserve. She went on to train at Midshipman's School for Women, graduating first in her class.

3. Hopper Grace Brewster Murray Hopper. Born 9 Dec Grace Hopper was born GraceBrewster Murray, the oldest of three children. Her father, Walter http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper Born: 9 Dec 1906 in New York, USA Died: 1 Jan 1992 in Arlington, Virginia, USA Click the picture above to see four larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Grace Hopper was born Grace Brewster Murray, the oldest of three children. Her father, Walter Murray, was an insurance broker while her mother, Mary Van Horne, had a love of mathematics which she passed on to her daughter. Both Grace's parents believed that she and her sister should have an education of the same quality as her brother. The book [2] contains a fascinating account of her childhood. It tells of summers spent with her cousins in their cottage on Lake Wentworth in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire and the games they played there such as kick-the-can, hide-and-seek and cops-and-robbers. It also describes her hobbies of needlepoint, reading and playing the piano. There were certainly signs in Grace's childhood of her fascination with machines and in [2] there is a delightful story of how, when she was seven years old, she took her alarm clock to pieces to find out how it worked. Unable to reassemble it, she took to pieces the other seven clocks she found in the house before her mother discovered what was happening. Grace was educated at two private schools for girls, namely Graham School and Schoonmakers School both in New York City. Intending to enter Vassar College in 1923 she failed a Latin examination and was required to wait another year. She spent the academic year at Hartridge School in Plainfield, New Jersey then entered Vassar College in 1924. She studied mathematics and physics at Vassar College graduating with a BA in 1928. After graduating she undertook research in mathematics at Yale University.

4. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a remarkable woman who grandly rose to the challenges of programming the first computers. http://www.cs.yale.edu/~tap/Files/hopper-story.html

Grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a remarkable woman who grandly rose to the challenges of programming the first computers. During her lifetime as a leader in the field of software development concepts, she contributed to the transition from primitive programming techniques to the use of sophisticated compilers. She believed that "we've always done it that way" was not necessarily a good reason to continue to do so. Grace Brewster Murray was born on December 9, 1906 in New York City. In 1928 she graduated from Vassar College with a BA in mathematics and physics and joined the Vassar faculty. While an instructor at Vassar, she continued her studies in mathematics at Yale University , where she earned an MA in 1930 and a PhD in 1934. She was one of four women in a doctoral program of ten students, and her doctorate in mathematics was a rare accomplishment in its day. In 1930 Grace Murray married Vincent Foster Hopper. (He died in 1945 during World War II, and they had no children.) She remained at Vassar as an associate professor until 1943, when she joined the United States Naval Reserve to assist her country in its wartime challenges. After USNR Midshipman's School-W, she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University, where she worked at Harvard's Cruft Laboratories on the Mark series of computers. In 1946 Admiral Hopper resigned her leave of absence from Vassar to become a research fellow in engineering and applied physics at Harvard's Computation Laboratory. In 1949 she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation as a Senior Mathematician. This group was purchased by Remington Rand in 1950, which in turn merged into the Sperry Corporation in 1955. Admiral Hopper took military leave from the Sperry Corporation from 1967 until her retirement in 1971.

5. Grace Murray Hopper Biography.Category Computers History Pioneers Hopper, Grace Murray......Grace Murray Hopper. This story is copied, with permission, from the GraceHopper Celebration of Women in Computing 1994 conference proceedings. http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html

Grace Murray Hopper Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a remarkable woman who grandly rose to the challenges of programming the first computers. During her lifetime as a leader in the field of software development concepts, she contributed to the transition from primitive programming techniques to the use of sophisticated compilers. She believed that "we've always done it that way" was not necessarily a good reason to continue to do so. Grace Brewster Murray was born on December 9, 1906 in New York City. In 1928 she graduated from Vassar College with a BA in mathematics and physics and joined the Vassar faculty. While an instructor at Vassar, she continued her studies in mathematics at Yale University , where she earned an MA in 1930 and a PhD in 1934. She was one of four women in a doctoral program of ten students, and her doctorate in mathematics was a rare accomplishment in its day. In 1930 Grace Murray married Vincent Foster Hopper. (He died in 1945 during World War II, and they had no children.) She remained at Vassar as an associate professor until 1943, when she joined the United States Naval Reserve to assist her country in its wartime challenges. After USNR Midshipman's School-W, she was assigned to the Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University, where she worked at Harvard's Cruft Laboratories on the Mark series of computers. In 1946 Admiral Hopper resigned her leave of absence from Vassar to become a research fellow in engineering and applied physics at Harvard's Computation Laboratory. In 1949 she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation as a Senior Mathematician. This group was purchased by Remington Rand in 1950, which in turn merged into the Sperry Corporation in 1955. Admiral Hopper took military leave from the Sperry Corporation from 1967 until her retirement in 1971.

6. A Science Odyssey: People And Discoveries: Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper 1906 1992 Grace Murray Hopper may have been ahead of her time.She certainly did things that were a little unusual for women of her day. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/btmurr.html

Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper may have been ahead of her time. She certainly did things that were a little unusual for women of her day. She graduated from Vassar College in 1928 with a degree in math. She went on to get a masters and doctorate in math, too, from Yale. This wasn't just rare for a woman: statistics show only 1,279 math PhDs were awarded between 1862 and 1934, the year Hopper received hers. She joined the WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, a part of the U.S. Naval Reserve) in 1943 and a year later was Lieutenant Hopper. She was assigned to the Bureau of Ships Computation team at Harvard, designing a machine to make fast, difficult calculations for tasks such as laying mine fields. Howard Aiken directed the work, which boiled down to creating the first programmable digital computer the Mark I. For Hopper, a mathematician with no background in computing, it was a crash course in the complexities and frustrations of programming, and the beginning of her life's work. The war ended but Hopper wanted to stay in the navy. Her age (40) prevented her transfer from the WAVES to the regular navy, so she remained in the reserves. She also remained at Harvard, working on newer models in the Mark computer series. One day a computer failure had Hopper and her team baffled. Finally they opened the machine a moth had gotten inside! Hopper taped the offending creature into her log book and noted beside it, "first actual bug found." She is credited with the terms "bug" and "debug" for computer errors and how to fix them.

7. Hopper Grace Translate this page hopper grace. np. m. PERS (9 déc. 1907 - 1er jan. 1992). Titulaired'une maîtrise et d'un doctorat de mathématiques à Yale, Grace http://www.linux-france.org/prj/jargonf/H/Hopper_Grace.html

8. Hopper Grace From FOLDOC hopper grace. history of philosophy, biography american mathematicianand computer scientist (19061992). During her service in http://www.swif.uniba.it/lei/foldop/foldoc.cgi?Hopper Grace

9. Hopper Grace Translate this page hopper grace, 31-10-1998. np. m. PERS (9 déc. 1907 - 1er jan. 1992).Titulaire d'une maîtrise et d'un doctorat de mathématiques http://matrix.samizdat.net/pratique/jargon_3.2.119/H/Hopper_Grace.html

Hopper Grace np. m. PERS ] (9 déc. 1907 - 1er jan. 1992). Titulaire d'une maîtrise et d'un doctorat de mathématiques à Yale, Grace Brewster Murray Hopper a travaillé dans la Marine des É-U dès la naissance des ordinateurs, en 1943 ; travaillant d'abord en 1951 pour la société Remington Rand, elle a commencé à concevoir le premier compilateur largement connu, nommé A-0 ; lorsque le langage fut publié par la société Rand en 1957, il fut nommé MATH-MATIC. Elle a ensuite dirigé l'équipe de développement et co-inventé en 1957 le premier langage compilé, chez IBM COBOL . Fait exceptionnel aux É-U, elle a été rappelée en 1967 et maintenue en activité de service dans la Marine pendant 20 ans après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, puis, retraitée comme Contre-Amirale en 1986, elle a continué à travailler jusqu'à la fin de sa vie, toujours dans l'informatique, notamment à titre de conseil chez Control Data [D'après f2s]. Certains on pu la surnommer irrespectueusement « la sauterelle », son nom se prononçant comme ce mot en anglais (« Grasshopper »). Article lié à celui-ci : COBOL Articles voisins : homepage Honeywell-Bull HOOD hook ... Courrier

10. WIEM: Hopper Grace hopper grace (19061992), komandor amerykanskiej marynarki, matematyk,absolwentka Vassar College i Yale. Jedna z pierwszych programistek http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/016247.html

wiem.onet.pl napisz do nas losuj: has³a multimedia Informatyka Hopper Grace widok strony znajd¼ podobne poka¿ powi±zane Hopper Grace (1906-1992), komandor amerykañskiej marynarki, matematyk, absolwentka Vassar College i Yale. Jedna z pierwszych programistek wspó³czesnych komputerów (Mark I, II i III), w latach sze¶ædziesi±tych XX w. kierowa³a rz±dowym (USA) zespo³em normalizacyjnym jêzyka Cobol Zobacz równie¿ Program uruchomieniowy Odwied¼ w Internecie Wydawnictwo Europa zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

11. Grace Murray Hopper Grace Murray Hopper (19061992). The Web contains almost one millionlinks to Grace Murray Hopper! Here are only a few. To find out http://www.unh.edu/womens-commission/hopper.html

Grace Murray Hopper (1906-1992) The Web contains almost one million links to Grace Murray Hopper! Here are only a few. To find out more about this incredible woman, follow the links on some of these pages or do a web search of your own. A Tribute to Grace Murray Hopper The Amazing Grace Hopper - a Navy Homepage Grace Hopper Memories, Photo Gallery, Biography, Achievements The Ada Project - tapping internet resources for women in computer sciences ... Past Notable Women of Computing and Mathematics Let us know if you have suggestions of links to add to this page.

12. Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Admiral Grace Murray Hopper (1906 1992) A good, shortbiography http//www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.html. The http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?GraceHopper

13. Hopper Grace hopper grace The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 167 (Editor andarticle author is Philip Schieber.) The Wit and Wisdom of Grace Hopper. http://www.perladecuba.com/auditoria-de-sistema.htm

14. Course Technology--InfoWeb: Grace Hopper Grace Hopper. Never one to follow gender stereotypes, Grace Hopper graduatedwith a Ph. You can read a tribute to Grace Hopper written by Merry Maisel. http://www.cciw.com/content/grace_hopper.html

Grace Hopper Never one to follow gender stereotypes, Grace Hopper graduated with a Ph. D. in mathematics, joined the United States Naval Reserves, and in 1944 became one of the first computer programmers. Until her death in 1992, Dr. Hopper presented fascinating lectures peppered with her particular brand of wit and wisdom. You can read about her life and contribution to computer science at www.cs.yale.edu/HTML/YALE/CS/HyPlans/tap/Files/ hopper-wit.html . The U.S. Navy commissioned a destroyer in her honor, the U.S.S. Hopper. It is the first time a destroyer has been named after a woman. You'll find additional information at web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/hopper.html Additional Links Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing 2000 This page is part of the web site for the annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing conference. You can read a tribute to Grace Hopper written by Merry Maisel. Explore the rest of the site for information about the conference, including the agenda and information about participating. Women and Computer Science Ellen Spertus, a former MIT student and now assistant professor of computer science at Mills College, created this Web page to honor the contributions women have made to computer science and document their ongoing participation. Here, you can learn more about women (in addition to Grace Hopper) who have contributed to the field. You can learn about the status of women in computing during the 1990s by reading some of the articles referenced (and linked to) from

15. Hopper, Grace - A Whatis Definition - See Also Grace Hopper, Grace hopper grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generallycredited with developments that led to COBOL, the programming language http://pack.soksok.jp/y/.27o/definition/0,,sid9_gci213732,00.html

‹C‚Ì—ö‚Ì•¨Œê Search our IT-specific encyclopedia for: or jump to a topic: Choose a topic... CIO CRM Databases Domino Enterprise Linux IBM S/390 IBM AS/400 Networking SAP Security Solaris Storage Systems Management Visual Basic Web Services Windows 2000 Windows Manageability Advanced Search Browse alphabetically: A B C D ... General Computing Terms Grace Hopper Grace Murray Hopper, one of the pioneers of computer science, is generally credited with developments that led to COBOL , the programming language for business applications on which the world's largest corporations ran for more than a generation. By the time of her death in 1992, Rear Admiral Grace Hopper had left many contributions to the field of software engineering and was arguably the world's most famous programmer. After receiving her Ph.D. in mathematics at Yale, Hopper worked as an associate professor at Vassar College before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve in 1943. She went on to work as a researcher and mathematician at the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corp. and the Sperry Corporation. Having retired from the Navy after World War II, she returned in 1967 to work at the Naval Data Automation Command. At Eckerd-Mauchly, Hopper developed programs for the first large-scale digital computer, the Mark I. She also developed the first

16. Grace Hopper From FOLDOC Grace Hopper. person US Navy Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Hopper(190612-09 to 1992-01-01), née Grace Brewster Murray. Hopper http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Grace Hopper

17. Grace Murray-Hopper Grace Murray Hopper. 3. Grace Hopper Conference 2000. Date of Access March 27,2001 4. Electric Library Author Unavailable, Hopper, Grace (19061992). http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/00_01/WH/jms/jms.htm

Grace Murray Hopper I chose Grace Hopper because I didn't know who she was, and I wanted to find out. She sounded interesting, and I thought that her name sounded familiar. While I was researching information, I remembered that I had a book about her. I could remember taking it to school once and reading it, and that she did something with computers and technology. Facts in Brief Full name: Grace Brewster Murray-Hopper Birth: December 9, 1906 in New York City. Parents: Mary Campbell Van Horne Murray and Walter Fletcher Murray. College Education: She attended Vassar College, and did courses for engineering and physics. After graduating, she went to Yale, and got her Master's in 1930, and Doctorate in 1934. Honors Medals, and Awards: She had some awards and honors such as: "Man of the Year," Rear Admiral rank in the Navy, membership into the National Academy of Engineering, Fellow of the British Computer Society, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Navy Hall of Fame. Marriage: She married Vincent Foster Hopper in 1930, but divorced in 1945, with no children. Death: January 1, 1992.

18. Grace Hopper Grace Hopper is just one of the many people paid homage to in Bikwil, the home ofquiet enthusiasms, where its contributors celebrate in prose, verse or art http://www.bikwil.zip.com.au/Vintage11/Grace-Hopper.html

Grace Hopper [ Issue 11 ] Grace Hopper In this essay Tony Rogers celebrates the unique achievements of computer pioneer Dr. Grace Hopper Hopper was convinced that programs could be written in English and then translated into binary code by another piece of software Print This Issue Help with Printing Music Player Programming with Grace — Tony Rogers In my Web Line column in Issue 4, I referred to an Internet site called The Dead People Server . One of its entries that I chose to quote concerned Grace Hopper, famous in her own field of computing, but little known outside it. As a matter of fact, I can think of three notable Americans this century with the Hopper surname, each in a different profession. Apart from Grace, there have been the more familiar Hollywood villain Dennis (b. 1936) and the great painter Edward (1882-1967). In this essay, however, I want to celebrate the unique achievements of Dr. Grace Hopper, mainly because in a former life I myself worked in computing, where I was able to benefit directly from her pioneering efforts.

19. Grace Hopper - Wikipedia Grace Hopper. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rear Admiral Grace Center.Grace Hopper is famous for her nanoseconds. People (such http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopper

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Grace Hopper From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (born Grace Brewster Murray ) was an early computer programmer and the developer of the first compiler for a computer programming language. The compiler was known as the A compiler and its first version was A-0 . Later versions were released commercially as the ARITH-MATIC MATH-MATIC and FLOW-MATIC compilers. She graduated from Vassar College with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics in and obtained her Ph.D. at Yale in . By she was an associate professor at Vassar College . In she joined the US Navy and was assigned to work with Howard Aiken on the Mark I Calculator . She was the first person to write a program for it. At the end of the war she was discharged from the Navy, but she continued to work on the development of the Mark II and the Mark II Calculators.

20. Grace Hopper From FOLDOC Grace Hopper. person US Navy Rear Admiral Grace Brewster Hopper(190612-09 to 1992-01-01), n? Grace Brewster Murray. Hopper http://csai03.is.noda.sut.ac.jp/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?Grace Hopper

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