21. Sophie Germain And FLT sophie germain and Fermat's Last Theorem. Larry Riddle Department ofMathematics Agnes Scott College. In used. sophie germain Primes. http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/germain-FLT/SGandFLT.htm

Sophie Germain and Fermat's Last Theorem Larry Riddle Department of Mathematics Agnes Scott College In the late 1630s, Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) wrote a marginal note in his copy of Claude Bachet's Latin translation of Diophantus's Arithmetica that was to intrigue mathematicians for the next 300 years. "It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate into two biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the second into two powers of like degree; I have discovered a truly remarkable proof which this margin is too small to contain." In modern symbolic notation, which Fermat did not have available to him, this claim is known as Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT): x n + y n = z n This challenge problem has received attention of many mathematicians of the highest ability, including Euler, Legendre, Gauss, Abel, Sophie Germain , Dirichlet, Kummer and Cauchy. Quite a list of distinguished mathematicians! It is interesting that Dickson gave the first name of only one person on this list. Perhaps it was because of all the names given, he felt that Sophie Germain would be the least recognized by most readers. But indeed, Sophie Germain was one of the first to provide a partial solution for a large class of exponents. The case n = 4 had been settled by Fermat when he used his method of infinite descent to prove that the area of a right triangle with rational sides is never a perfect square, a condition that is equalivant to the claim that there are no integer solutions to x

22. Sophie GERMAIN - Http://www.germain-s.com Nacida en París, el 1ro. de abril de 1876 y criada durante los años de turbulencia en Francia. Sus padres se opusieron a que estudiara matemáticas hasta que no tuvieron opción y lo aceptaron. Contenido Anterior Próxima. sophie germain. Nacida en París, el 1ro. http://www.germain-s.com/

Sophie GERMAIN Bonjour, je me présente, je m'appelle Sophie Germain. Artiste plasticienne si vous lisez ceci plusieurs explications sont possibles : soit votre navigateur ne gère pas le javascript et vous ne pouvez accéder automatiquement aux pages de mon site Sophie Germain artiste plasticienne sur ces pages vous pouvez découvrir des photos de mes sculptures et de mes peintures ainsi que des affiches réalisées lors d'événements organisés à l'occasion d'ateliers d'art plastique. Animatrice socioculturelle J'aime beaucoup faire travailler les enfants et les adolescents puis organiser une manifestation ou événement médiatisé sur un quartier. Cela aide les quartiers à ne pas s'endormir, favorise les liens sociaux, valorise les enfants souvent en difficultés et les aide à prendre confiance en eux... Vous trouverez sur mon site plusieurs exemples de ces réalisations ainsi que mes création personnelles. Pour vous remercier d'être venu je vous offre également plusieurs wallpaper ( papier peint ) pour votre ordinateur en 800 par 600 et en 1024 par 747 enfin vous avez l'habitude. Ces photos changerons souvent alors venez de temps en temps pour les voir et les télécharger gratuitement Artiste Peintre Sculpteur Créatrice d'art J'espère que vous prendrez du plaisir à visiter ces pages et voir mes sculptures et peintures ainsi que les photos les affiches et les travaux artistiques présentés surtout n'hésitez pas à me faire part de vos remarque Email Sophie Germain voici les liens sur les pages du site car la navigation étant géré par Javascript elle vous pose sûrement problème

23. Www.scottlan.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm Similar pages sophie germain http//www.germain-s.com - Translate this page sophie germain plasticienne et animatrice d'atelier d'art plastique vouspropose de découvrir son travail. Peintures quartier. @, sophie germain. http://www.scottlan.edu/lriddle/women/germain.htm

24. Sophie GERMAIN - Http://www.germain-s.com Translate this page Of me you will be able to see some aspects and I hope you enjoy this pages.Do no hesitate to give me your opinion. sophie@germain-s.com. http://www.germain-s.com/sophie.html

Bonjour, c'est avec plaisir que je vous accueille sur mon site Web. Hello, it is with pleasure that I welcome you to my Web site. Artiste plasticienne :: Artist. Mon travail se situe autour d'une approche du mouvement de l'équilibre et de la mise en scène. Couleurs, matières, sont au centre de mes préoccupations. Je m'exprime à travers sculpture et peinture. My work is situated around an approach to movement, balance and the stage setting. Colours, materials (subjects), are at the center of my concerns. My forms of expression are sculpture and painting. Professionnelle :: Professional. Je pose, je propose et je vends lors d'expositions et même sur le net. Galeries, agents, professionnels de l'art contactez moi... I show, I propose and I sell during exhibitions and even on the net. Galleries, agents, professionnals of art, contact me. Animatrice socio culturelle :: Youth Leader in cultural center. J'aime organiser des ateliers d'art plastique avec des enfants. Les aider à être créatifs et souvent leur donner une possibilité de changer leur regard d'eux même. I like organizing art workshop for children. Help them to be creative and often give them a possibility of changing their way of looking at themselves.

25. Germain, Sophie (1776-1831) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Biograp germain, sophie (17761831), French mathematician who did importantwork on fermat's last theorem, proving it for any primes less http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Germain.html

Branch of Science Mathematicians Nationality French ... Women Germain, Sophie (1776-1831) French mathematician who did important work on fermat's last theorem proving it for any primes less than 100 under certain assumptions (and, in particular, for Sophie Germain primes She also contributed to acoustics elasticity and number theory Germain's parents strongly discouraged her from her early mathematical interests, following the usual belief of the times that women were not suited to do mathematics. However, Germain persisted, even after her parents hid her math books, removed her candles, and turned off the heat in her room and take away her clothes so that she could not get out of bed at night to study. In the face of her obvious dedication, her parents were forced to relent. Because she was a woman, she was not allowed to attend lectures at the École Polytechnique. However, she was able to study lecture notes from courses at the École, and began a correspondence with continental mathematicians under the pen name "Antoine-August Le Blanc." Upon later discovering that his gifted correspondent was a women, her wrote a later to her stating, "A taste for the abstract sciences in general and above all the mysteries of numbers is excessively rare.... But when a person of the sex which, according to our customs and prejudices, must encounter infinitely more difficulties than men to familiarize herself with these thorny researches, succeeds nevertheless in surmounting these obstacles and penetrating the most obscure parts of them, then without a doubt she must have the noblest courage, quite extraordinary talents and superior genius" (Hoffman 1998, p. 191).

26. - Great Books - sophie germain (17761831), sophie germain (1776-1831) was a mathematicianborn to a middle-class merchant family on April 1, 1776 in Paris, France. http://www.malaspina.com/site/person_553.asp?period_id=0&category_id=9

27. Sophie Germain Translate this page Contenido Anterior Próxima. sophie germain. Nacida en París, el 1ro.de abril de 1876 y criada durante los años de turbulencia en Francia. http://cuhwww.upr.clu.edu/mate/museo/mujeres/sophie.htm

Contenido Anterior Sophie Germain Nacida en París, el 1ro. de abril de 1876 y criada durante los años de turbulencia en Francia. Sus padres se opusieron a que estudiara matemáticas hasta que no tuvieron opción y lo aceptaron. Germain no podia ir a la escuela porque no aceptaban mujeres; pero se las arreglaba para recibir apuntes de los profesores. A ella le atrajo el análisis de Lagrange y bajo un nombre ficticio le escribió una composición. A éste le impresionó tanto, que averiguó quien era y fué a su casa a decirle cuán impresionado estaba. Esto le sirvió a Germain para tener el coraje de seguir estudiando matemáticas. Como resultado de un libro escrito por Gauss, Germain le escribió usando el mismo pseudónimo que habia usado con Lagrange. Gauss se interesó tanto en sus observaciones, que mantuvieron correspondencia por varios años. En 1807, Gauss se enteró del verdadero nombre de Germain. Ella temía que a Gauss le sucediera algo y envió unas tropas a la casa de él para asegurarse de que estuviera bíen. Cuando los soldados le hablaron de Germain, él les dijo que no la conocia. Luego, por cartas se esclareció la situación. Germain trabajó en el problema de la ley matemática de vibraciones de superficies elásticas. En 1811 sometió un trabajo al respecto a la Academia Francesa de las Ciencias (anónimamente); pero fue criticada por la falta de precisión al pasar de una linea a una superficie. En 1813 sometió otro trabajo del mismo tema y en 1816 ganó el primer lugar situándola entre los mejores matemáticos. Esto hizo que la aceptaran entre los círculos de matemáticos. Continuó escribiendo sobre distintos problemas malemáticos y continuó intercambiando correspondencia con Gauss. Este pidió a la Universidad de Göttingen que le dieran el grado de doctora; pero el 26 de junio de 1831 murió, antes de poder recibir el grado.

28. Sophie Germain Translate this page sophie germain (1776 - 1831). sophie germain wurde 1776 in Paris alsmittlere von drei Töchtern geboren. Sie war Autodidaktin. Mit http://www.philosophenlexikon.de/germain.htm

Begriffe Abaelard - Ayer Baader - Byron Cabanis - Czezowski Ebbinghaus - Ewald ... Geschichte der Philosophie Diskussion PhilTalk Philosophieforen Andere Lexika PhilLex -Lexikon der Philosophie Lexikon der griechischen Mythologie PhiloThek Bibliothek der Klassiker Zeitschriftenlesesaal Nachschlagewerke Allgemeine Information ... Dokumentenlieferdienste Spiele Philosophisches Galgenraten PhilSearch.de Shops PhiloShop PhiloShirt Service Kontakt Impressum eMail Sophie Germain (1776 - 1831) Newton philosophische Um ihre These In der Wissenschaftsentwicklung unterscheidet Sophie Germain drei aufeinanderfolgende Stadien. Gottes Willen Das dritte Stadium folgt auf die Systeme der philosophischen Spekulation als methodische sich an der Erfahrung wendende Forschung. Comtes Dreistadiengesetz Da die menschlichen Erkenntnisstrukturen auf Einheit ausgerichtet sind, ergeben sich auf allen Gebieten dieselben formalen Ordnungsbeziehungen, wenn auch jeweils zwischen verschiedenen Objekten powered by Uwe Wiedemann

29. Germain, Sophie Help Site Map. encyclopediaEncyclopedia germain, sophie, sôfE' zhermaN'Pronunciation Key. germain, sophie , 1776–1831, French mathematician. http://www.infoplease.com/cgi-bin/id/CE020587.html

The # 1 wireless color security cam! Ultimate home movie ! Genuine Indian and Asian astrology reports and consultations by reputed Vedic Astrologers. Step-by-step guide to finding money for a growing business All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Germain, Sophie E Pronunciation Key Germain, Sophie , French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces. Germain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount Sackville German art and architecture Search Infoplease Info search tips Search Biographies Bio search tips About Us Contact Us Link to Infoplease ... Privacy

30. Germain, Sophie encyclopediaEncyclopedia germain, sophie, sôfE' zhermaN' PronunciationKey. germain, sophie , 1776–1831, French mathematician. http://www.factmonster.com/cgi-bin/id/CE020587.html

Encyclopedia Germain, Sophie E Pronunciation Key Germain, Sophie , French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces. Germain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount Sackville German art and architecture AD AD AD AD AD Print this page Cite this page Awards and Press Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy

31. Germain, Sophie. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. germain, sophie. (sôf´ zh rm N´) (KEY) , 1776–1831, French mathematician. Although http://www.bartleby.com/65/ge/GermainS.html

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32. Germain, Sophie germain, sophie (17761831). sophie germain was born in an era of revolution. Shedied before she could receive it. sophie germain was a revolutionary. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/G/Germain/1.html

Germain, Sophie Sophie Germain was born in an era of revolution. In the year of her birth, the American Revolution began. Thirteen years later the French Revolution began in her own country. In many ways Sophie embodied the spirit of revolution into which she was born. She was a middle class female who went against the wishes of her family and the social prejudices of the time to become a highly recognized mathematician. Like the member of a revolution, her life was full of perseverance and hard work. It took a long time for her to be recognized and appreciated for her contributions to the field of mathematics, but she did not give up. Even today, it is felt that she was never given as much credit as she was due for the contributions she made in number theory and mathematical physics because she was a woman. Sophie Germain was born in Paris on April 1, 1776 to Ambroise-Francois and Marie Germain. Her family was quite wealthy. Her father was a merchant and later became a director of the Bank of France. Sophie's interest in mathematics began during the French Revolution when she was 13 years old and confined to her home due to the danger caused by revolts in Paris. She spent a great deal of time in her father's library, and one day she ran across a book in which the legend of Archimede's death was recounted. Legend has it that "during the invasion of his city by the Romans Archimedes was so engrossed in the study of a geometric figure in the sand that he failed to respond to the questioning of a Roman soldier. As a result he was speared to death" (Perl 64). This sparked Sophie's interest. If someone could be so engrossed in a problem as to ignore a soldier and then die for it, the subject must be interesting! Thus she began her study of mathematics.

33. Germain, Sophie encyclopediaEncyclopedia germain, sophie, sôfE' zhermaN' PronunciationKey. germain, sophie , 1776–1831, French mathematician. http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0820616.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0820616.html Encyclopedia Germain, Sophie E Pronunciation Key Germain, Sophie , French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces. Germain, George Sackville, 1st Viscount Sackville German art and architecture

34. Output From Database Search who year 3679 2540041185*2^114730-1 34547g294 2003 sophie germain (2p+1) 3687 2540041185*2^114729-1 34547 g294 2003 http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/search/primes.cgi/Sophie

Output from database search Primes: Home Largest Proving How Many? ... Mailing List The prime database was last modified 5 hours ago. rank description digits who year - 3728 2540041185*2^114730-1 34547 2003 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 3736 2540041185*2^114729-1 34547 2003 Sophie Germain (p) 6568 18912879*2^98396-1 29628 2002 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 6635 18912879*2^98395-1 29628 2002 Sophie Germain (p) 9134 1213822389*2^81132-1 24433 2002 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 9135 1213822389*2^81131-1 24432 2002 Sophie Germain (p) 10797 109433307*2^66453-1 20013 2001 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 10798 109433307*2^66452-1 20013 2001 Sophie Germain (p) 10799 984798015*2^66445-1 20011 2001 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 10802 984798015*2^66444-1 20011 2001 Sophie Germain (p) 12674 3714089895285*2^60001-1 18075 IJW 2000 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 12721 3714089895285*2^60000-1 18075 IJW 2000 Sophie Germain (p) 19417 37561665*2^34090-1 10270 2003 Sophie Germain (p) 19515 831264873*2^33540-1 10106 2003 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 19517 831264873*2^33539-1 10106 2003 Sophie Germain (p) 19756 168851511*2^33251-1 10018 2003 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 19757 168851511*2^33250-1 10018 2003 Sophie Germain (p) 19773 918522549*2^33217-1 10009 2003 Sophie Germain (2p+1) 19775 918522549*2^33216-1 10008 2003 Sophie Germain (p) 19776 305686839*2^33217-1 10008

35. Germain, Sophie germain, sophie. EMail Address krapfn@district96.k12.il.us. NobelPrize in Mathematics Nominations! Specific project information http://www.district96.w-cook.k12.il.us/hauser/classpages/people/GermainSophie.ht

Germain, Sophie E-Mail Address: krapfn@district96.k12.il.us Nobel Prize in Mathematics Nominations! Specific project information can be found in the math folder found in the Hauser Hard Drive. Use the internet sites below to investigate one of the Mathematical Pleiades, seven women mathematicians whose achievements have helped shape mathematics of today. After you have answered the questions on your worksheet, your group will present your nomination for the newly formed Nobel Prize for Mathematics. Besides pertinent biographical information, your nomination must put your mathematician in historical perspecive and must explain why she is a member of the Mathematical Pleiades. Notices: Important dates: March 15: •e-sheet due April 15: •nominations due •poster due Short biography Proofs History of Mathematicians Science Women ... Click here to update. Last updated on 3/18/02.

36. Germain, Sophie germain, sophie 17761831, French mathematician. Although self-taught germain,sophie. 1776-1831, French mathematician. Although self-taught http://www.slider.com/enc/21000/Germain_Sophie.htm

ecomm pro - ecommerce solution Home Encyclopeadia G Ged - Geo ... Rope Ladders Trellian WebPage Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Germain, Sophie 1776-1831, French mathematician. Although self-taught, she mastered mathematics and corresponded with J. L. Lagrange and C. F. Gauss. She is known especially for her study of the vibrations of elastic surfaces. Add URL Advertise Contact Us

37. Encyclopædia Britannica germain, sophie Encyclopædia Britannica Article. MLA style germain, sophie. Encyclopædia Britannica 2003 Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=37269

38. Nombres Premiers De Sophie Germain Translate this page Nombres premiers de sophie germain. Il est clair que 2, 3 et 5 sontdes nombres premiers de sophie germain. Le programme cherche http://www.sciences-en-ligne.com/momo/chronomath/anx2/nb_sophie.html

Nombres premiers de Sophie Germain Il est clair que 2, 3 et 5 sont des nombres premiers de Sophie Germain Rappel : La fonction = programme en JavaScript var p,t n=10 p=n // si t = 1, alors p est premier p =2*n + 1 ; k=prompt( n+" est un nombre premier de Sophie Germain" ,k) d=6*a-1 ; rst = p % d d = d+2 ; rst2 = p % d return t

39. Sophie Germain (1776-1831) Library Of Congress Citations Subjects Elasticity History. germain, sophie, 17761831. Other authors Dworsky,Nancy, joint author. germain, sophie, 1776-1831. Control No. 95192035. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/cit/citlcgermain.htm

Sophie Germain (1776-1831) : Library of Congress Citations The Little Search Engine that Could Down to Name Citations LC Online Catalog Amazon Search ... Free Email from Malaspina Book Citations [2 Records] Author: Bucciarelli, Louis L. Title: Sophie Germain : an essay in the history of the theory of elasticity / Louis L. Bucciarelli and Nancy Dworsky. Published: Dordrecht, Holland ; Boston : D. Reidel Pub. Co. ; Hingham, MA : sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston, c1980. Description: xi, 147 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Series: Studies in the history of modern science ; v. 6 LC Call No.: QA931 .B77 Dewey No.: 531/.3823/01 19 ISBN: 9027711348 9027711356 (pbk.) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Elasticity History. Germain, Sophie, 1776-1831. Other authors: Dworsky, Nancy, joint author. Control No.: 80019606 Name Citations [1 Record] Heading: Germain, Sophie, 1776-1831. Notes: Her Considberations gbenberales sur l'betat des sciences et des lettres ... 1833.

40. Malaspina.com - Sophie Germain (1776-1831) Launch Previous Entry in New Window Malaspina Science Database Launch NextEntry in New Window sophie germain (17761831) Agnes Scott College. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/germain1.htm

Sophie Germain (1776-1831) [Agnes Scott College] Great Books Biography [Malaspina] Amazon Search Form] Library of Congress Online Citations [LC] Library of Congress Offline Citations [MGB] COPAC UK Online Citations [COPAC] Free Online Practice Exams [Grad Links] Canadian Book Orders! Chapters-Indigo Save on Textbooks! [Study Abroad] Books from Amazon Amazon Books from Amazon UK Amazon UK Books from Chapters Canada Chapters Sophie Germain : An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity [Orders] Biography [MacTutor History of Mathematics] Math's Hidden Woman [PBS Nova] Sophie Germain Prime [Eric Weisstein] Biography [History of Mathematics, Clarke University] Sophie Germain: Math's Hidden Woman PBS NOVA [Image Courtesy Agnes Scott College] Top of Page

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