81. Alexandrian Scholarship Research on the Library of alexandria, including map, history, operations, and organization.Category Society History By Time Period Ancient Africa Egypt...... Eudoxis of Cnidus (see biography), euclid's pupil, probably worked out of alexandria,and is known for developing an early method of integration, studied the http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Ellen/Museum.html

The Library of Alexandria Ellen N. Brundige Look at the comments on this paper. Table of Contents The Legend of the Library Foundation Demetrius of Phaleron Precedents for the Museum ... Bibliography The Legend of the Library "And concerning the number of books, the establishment of libraries, and the collection in the Hall of the the Muses, why need I even speak, since they are all in men's memories?" Athenaeus The library of Alexandria is a legend. Not a myth, but a legend. The destruction of the library of the ancient world has been retold many times and attributed to just as many different factions and rulers, not for the purpose of chronicling that ediface of education, but as political slander. Much ink has been spilled, ancient and modern, over the 40,000 volumes housed in grain depots near the harbor, which were supposedly incinerated when Julius Caesar torched the fleet of Cleopatra's brother and rival monarch. So says Livy, apparently, in one of his lost books, which Seneca quotes. The figure of Hypatia , a fifth-century scholar and mathematician of Alexandria, being dragged from her chariot from an angry Pagan-hating mob of monks who flayed her alive then burned her upon the remnants of the old Library, has found her way into legend as well, thanks to a few contemporary sources which survived.

82. PORCELAINia/Alexandria/807 mathematician of antiquity. Of all the great names connected withAlexandria, that of euclid is the best known. He compiled all http://www.porcelainia.com/807.html

PORCELAINia HOME PROCESS SERIES STYLE ... Site Map "Euclid" Alexandria Series Height 4.3 in Mass 482 g Fired High Glaze None Started Finished Style Santa Barbara Series Alexandria The piece is named for Euclid (365 BC - 300 BC), the most prominent mathematician of antiquity. Of all the great names connected with Alexandria, that of Euclid is the best known. He compiled all of the geometrical knowledge up to his time with proofs in his famous 13-volume treatise, "The Elements." This geometry text is still in use today. His influence on mathematics of both the ancient and contemporary world is without parallel.

83. Euclid Although he apparently studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, euclid's home was alexandria,Egypt, where he worked during the reign of King Ptolemy one of http://www.angelfire.com/ks/learning/euclid.html

**EUCLID** [334? - 280 B.C.] or [325 - 270 B.C.] By Arun Kumar Tripathi Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany WHO has not heard of Euclid during his first lessons in geometry in the School? He created the geometry of the universe on which Newton built his laws of gravitation and motion. It was only in the 19th century that the limitation of Euclid's geometry as applied to space was first discovered by Nicholas Lobatchevsky, and later by Einstein who completely repudiated the Euclidean geometry in his Relativity Theory. However, Euclidean geometry and the Newtonian laws are the one which are most valid on earth. The great Greek mathematician Euclid, whose book on geometry has struck fear into teenagers' hearts for two millennia. Although he apparently studied at Plato's Academy in Athens, Euclid's home was Alexandria, Egypt, where he worked during the reign of King Ptolemy one of many Egyptian kings of the same name. (By the way, Ptolemy was not the astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus known for the "Ptolemaic system" that identified the Earth as the center of the universe.) EARLY DAYS Euclid seemed to have studied in Plato's Academy, the then best known school of Mathematics a "Cambridge of Greece". He was believed to be a "Phoenician" with a "Greek outlook". It was the period when Alexander of Macedonia, after his world conquest, had established the township of Alexandria in Egypt. Ptolemy, the governor of Alexandria in Egypt, was a great learned man and he founded the great university of Alexandria which surpassed even Plato's Academy. There Euclid was invited to teach geometry.

84. Ulearn Today - Magazine few other historical comments about euclid, the most important being Pappus’ commentthat Apollonius studied “with the students of euclid at alexandria”. http://www.ulearntoday.com/magazine/physics_article1.jsp?FILE=euclid

85. History Of Alexandria: The Ptolemaic Legacy Did you know that euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elementsat the alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/Alexandria/History/legacy.html

The Ptolemaic Legacy The Mouseion / Library When Ptolemy Soter assumed power, he asked Demitrius Phalerus , a follower of Aristotle , to found a library system at Alexandria that would rival that of Athens. The Alexandrian Mouseion , however, far superseded its Greek prototype to become an intellectual and scientific institution; a university system rather than a bibliotheca. It was here, in the third century BC, that Archimedes invented the pump still in use today and known as Archimedes' screw , and, in the second century BC, that Hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. Ancient historians claim that the library's 500,000 book collection was so comprehensive that no manuscript was available in any library worldwide that was not available in Alexandria. Mathematics Have you ever heard of Euclidean Geometry? Did you know that Euclid lived, developed his theories, and wrote Elements at the Alexandria Mouseion during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus? In his Elements , Euclid provided a comprehensive analysis of geometry, proportions, and theory of numbers. His other notable contribution

86. Euclid - Wikipedia Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd century BC in alexandria in the Elementsoriginated with earlier mathematicians, one of euclid's major accomplishments http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid

Main Page Recent changes Edit this page Older versions Special pages Set my user preferences My watchlist Recently updated pages Upload image files Image list Registered users Site statistics Random article Orphaned articles Orphaned images Popular articles Most wanted articles Short articles Long articles Newly created articles Interlanguage links All pages by title Blocked IP addresses Maintenance page External book sources Printable version Talk Log in Help Other languages: Deutsch Esperanto Nederlands Polski Euclid From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Euclid of Alexandria Greek Eukleides ) was a Greek mathematician who lived in the 3rd century BC in Alexandria . His most famous work is the Elements , a book in which he deduces the properties of geometrical objects and integers from a set of axioms , thereby anticipating the axiomatic method of modern mathematics . Although many of the results in the Elements originated with earlier mathematicians, one of Euclid's major accomplishments was to present them in a single logically coherent framework. His fifth postulate , called the Parallel Postulate , states that if a straight line ( note : in Euclid's terminology a line may be finite) intersects two other straight lines, and the sum of the interior angles on one side of the line is less than 180 degrees (literally "two right angles"), then the two lines, if they are lengthened indefintely, will intersect on the same side on the line as the interior angles. Since this axiom is less obvious than the others, many mathematicians tried to derive it from the others. Then, in the

87. Library At Alexandria Plato, Aristotle, Thucydidies, Sophocles, Euripedes, Hippocrates and euclid justa quickly became a magnet for intellectuals,and alexandria became reknowned http://www.fortunecity.com/emachines/e11/86/alexand.html

web hosting domain names email addresses related sites Alexander's library rises from the ashes The Egyptian government is trying to recreate the "Bibliotheca Alexandrina" on the site of one of the seven wonders of the world. Alan Philps and Alasdair Palmer The original library at Alexandria in Egypt was one of the wonders of the ancient world. Founded by Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC,built and enlarged by Ptolemy I,Alexander's successor,the city's library comprised perhaps as many as 700,000 manuscripts - the whole corpus of knowledge accumulated by ancient philosophers,scientists and poets.And it was all contained in a building thought by the ancients to have been of surpassing beauty,not a trace of which survives . Now the Egyptians are building a successor to Alexander the Great's library,a building that Professor Mohasen Zahran,the man in charge of construction, believes will rival the ancient original. It is not based around an elegantly colonnaded portico,as the original seems to have been.Instead,it is a 10-storey concrete cylinder,a third of it below sea level,inclined at an angle of eight degrees.Without windows,it has walls studded with 4,600 carved granite panels.As Jack Thompson,the Englishman who is building it,says,"It is a most unusual building." And its sole purpose will be to house objects that the internet threatens to make obsolete:books. Ptolemy's original library certainly had that effect on Alexandria.A cultivated Greek soldier who was handed the city (along with the rest of Egypt) as a reward for his role in Alexander the Great's campaigns,he was depressed by the ignorance of the "barbarians" he found himself ruling. In 306 BC, he began collecting the works of the greatest Greek scholars of the time,in order both to educate his people and to start a "universal synthesis" of knowledge.He happened to be living during one of the most intellectually creative periods of humankind when Greeks were writing the books that would become the foundations of Western philosophy,mathematics,science,medicine,history and literature.

88. Euclid euclid euclid (fl. c. 300 BC, alexandria), the most prominent mathematician ofGrecoRoman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/euclid.html

Euclid Euclid (fl. c. 300 BC, Alexandria), the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements. Life and work. Of Euclid's life it is known only that he taught at and founded a school at Alexandria in the time of Ptolemy I Soter, who reigned from 323 to 285/283 BC. Medieval translators and editors often confused him with the philosopher Eucleides of Megara, a contemporary of Plato about a century before, and therefore called him Megarensis. Writing in the 5th century AD, the Greek philosopher Proclus told the story of Euclid's reply to Ptolemy, who asked whether there was any shorter way in geometry than that of the Elements"There is no royal road to geometry." Another anecdote relates that a student, probably in Alexandria, after learning the very first proposition in geometry, wanted to know what he would get by learning these things, whereupon Euclid called his slave and said, "Give him threepence since he must needs make gain by what he learns."

89. Math Forum: Prime Numbers Table of Contents One of the most important and beautiful fields of mathematics is number theory the study of numbers and their properties. The following theorem was proved eloquently by euclid. Theorem There are infinitely many prime numbers. http://forum.swarthmore.edu/~isaac/problems/prime1.html

Prime Numbers A Math Forum Project Table of Contents: Famous Problems Home The Bridges of Konigsberg The Value of Pi Prime Numbers ... Links One of the most important and beautiful fields of mathematics is number theory - the study of numbers and their properties. Despite the fact that mathematicians have been studying numbers for as long as humans have been able to count, the field of number theory is far from being outdated; some of the most exciting and important problems in mathematics today have to do with the study of numbers. In particular, prime numbers are of great interest. Definition : A number p is prime if it is a positive integer greater than 1 and is divisible by no other positive integers other than 1 and itself. Positive integers greater than 1 that aren't prime are called composite integers. Examples: 2,3, and 5 are prime. 6 is composite. All positive integers n have at least one prime divisor: if n is prime, then it is its own prime divisor. If n is composite, and one factors it completely, one will have reduced n to prime factors. Examples: 6=3*2, 18=3*3*2, 48=6*8=2*3*2*2*2

90. Introduction To The Works Of Euclid Donald Lancon Jr. presents an undergraduate paper on the history of science emphasizes euclid's "Elements." http://www.obkb.com/dcljr/euclid.html

An Introduction to the Works of Euclid with an Emphasis on the Elements (first posted to the web in 1995) jump to... Outline of paper text of paper Suggestions for further study Bibliography ... bottom of page This is a paper I wrote in college for a History of Science course (although I've taken the liberty of modifying it slightly from time to time since I put it online). I know it's not publishable or anything, but it's still one of my favorite papers because it was so difficult to do. (I wrote it on a computer with about 12K of free RAM and only a cassette tape drive for storage!) In fact, the whole History of Science course was quite an experience. Students wishing to use this paper for their own reports on Euclid should know how to avoid plagiarism and how to cite online sources . In addition, I urge students to seek out the original printed sources yes, that means going to the library and not rely merely on what I say in this paper. (I'm always surprised by the number of junior high and high school students who e-mail me saying they can't find any information about Euclid!) Note that is used to denote square roots and all Greek letters used as symbols ( alpha beta , ...) are spelled out. Superscripts are implemented by using the appropriate HTML tags and may not display properly in some browsers. In this case, hopefully the meaning will be clear from the context.

91. BrowserWise Search! Results 1 through 4 of 4 for alexandria library alexandria LIBRARYFind local business listings at SMARTpages.com, the online yellow http://www.browserwise.com/search/search.cgi?Terms=alexandria library

92. Alexandria - Die Stadt In Ägypten Bibliothek Alexandria Translate this page alexandria - die Stadt. Die Stadt alexandria, Al Iskandarija, wie es auf Arabischheißt, ist mit 3,5 Mio. Zudem war er Leiter der Bibliothek von alexandria. http://www.bibliothek-alexandria.de/sites/alexandrina.html

Alexandria - die Stadt Film 1 Film 2 Film 3 Alexandria Alte Bibliothek Neue Bibliothek Anti Pisa Studie Zeitreise ... Suche D ie Stadt Alexandria, Al Iskandarija, wie es auf Arabisch heißt, ist mit 3,5 Mio. Einwohnern die zweitgrößte Stadt Ägyptens. Alexandria besitzt neben Kairo den einzigen internationalen Flughafen des Landes. Alexandria, die von Alexander dem Großen gegründete Stadt ist auch bekannt wegen Kleopatra und den aus neuester Zeit bekannten Filmfestspielen. Bekannte Personen waren unter anderem Heron von Alexandria und Ktesibios. F ranck Goddio Entdeckte das versunkenen Königlichen Viertels im Osthafen von Alexandria in der die sagenumwobene Kleopatra regierte. D er Leuchtturm von Alexandria war der erste Leuchtturm überhaupt und wurde nach seinem Standort "Pharos" genannt. E I I n Alexandrien gibt es viele kleine Moscheen die von Privatpersonen gestiftet worden sind. Diese wurde teilweise mir den alte Resten der Ruinen aufgebaut so das in einer Moschee römische, griechische Säulen und Wandfliesen mit eingebaut worden sind. Zum Teil haben diese Säulen noch Reliefköpfe drauf.

93. Famous Greeks Biographies Scientists Archimedes, euclid, Hippocrates Biographies Literature- Homer, Sophocles Biographies Philisophers - Aristotle, Plato, Socrates http://www.mohonasen.org/dmslib/famous_greeks.htm

District Home Mohonasen Central School District Mohonasen HS Draper MS Pinewood IS Bradt PS Famous Greeks l Social - Grade 6 Mr. Hays / Mrs. Zyskowski Students will make baseball cards based on famous Greeks. Many may be found at the following sites, others may be found at the sites listed in the table below: Sneak Peeks at Famous Greeks has a majority of the people on your list. Biographical Dictionary may search for the famous Greeks on your list. Biographies : Scientists Archimedes, Euclid, Hippocrates Biographies: Literature - Homer, Sophocles Biographies: Philisophers - Aristotle, Plato, Socrates - Herodotus, Plutarch, Thucydides HyperHistory click on "People" (on the left) and then "Alphabetical Index" (on the right). Then locate the name of the person you are researching from the list in the center of the screen. These are very short biographies. Use the main search box in the lower right to search ALL 3 encyclopedias at once Encyclopedia Americana Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia New Book of Knowledge The sites below are about specific people from the list Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Home Page Alexander the Great Project Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Archimedes Pericles Pericles Ancient History: Pericles Aristophanes The Great Playwrights Aristophanes Plato Plato and his dialog Plato and the legacy of Socrates Aristotle

94. Kim Williams Reviews Benno Artmann's Euclid: The Creation Of Mathematics For The euclid. Long a scholar of Greek mathematics, Dr. Artmann accompanies the reader ofeuclid with a chapterby-chapter summary and explanation of key concepts. http://www.nexusjournal.com/reviews_v2n1-Artmann.html

Abstract. Kim Williams reviews Benno Artmann's Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics for the Nexus Network Journal vol. 2 no. 1 January 2000. Book Review Benno Artmann. Euclid. The Creation of Mathematics. (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1999). To order this book click here Reviewed by Kim Williams I n spite of our age's growing familiarity with non-Euclidean geometries, applied geometries in the building trades remain for the most part firmly Euclidean. As far most builders are concerned, two parallel lines do not ever intersect, nor should they, and to this we owe our confidence in buildings with plumb vertical walls and right angles. Up until the advent of CAD/CAM technology, almost all architectural projects were visualized in drawings constructed with compass and straightedge using drafting techniques that are traceable to Euclid. So for architects and historians wishing to understand the roots of architectural expression, perhaps the most important mathematics book of all times is Euclid's Elements . However, in spite of the fact that the geometry that most of today's architects studied in primary and secondary school was Euclidean, reading

95. The Famous Mathematician Internet Project The Famous Mathematician Internet Project. Mathematics is a living,breathing, vibrant discipline connected to many walks of life. . http://198.190.226.3/users/ham/famousmath.html

The Famous Mathematician Internet Project "Mathematics is a living, breathing, vibrant discipline connected to many walks of life." An important aspect of understanding mathematics is learning about its originators, discoverers, and explorers. The vast real-life applications of mathematics today would not be possible if it had not been for the dedication and commitment of a dynasty of mathematicians. Use the World Wide Web to find information about YOUR chosen famous mathematician. Continue answering the questions on "The Famous Mathematician Internet Project" Handout. Your responses will be graded as a point assignment. Begin the construction of your famous mathematician resume. Rene Descartes Rene Descartes Additional Information Descartes' Method and Coordinate Geometry Diophantus of Alexandria ... Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276-197 B.C.) Eratosthenes Maurits Cornelius Escher (M.C. Escher) M.C. Escher Euclid of Alexandria (365-300 B.C.) Euclid: His Works and His Influences The Life of Euclid Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci History of Fibonacci and the Golden Ratio ... Pythagoras of Samos (580-500 B.C.) The Pythagorean Theorem The History of Pythagoras Pythagoras' Historical Profile John Venn ... Apollonius of Perga (262-190 B.C.)

96. Web Excursions In Computer Science Web Excursions in Computer Science. Algorithms and AncientMachines Pebbles, the Abacus the Knotted String. http://jeff.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/teaching/ecs-web.html.backup

Web Excursions in Computer Science Algorithms and Ancient Machines: History of Computing Modular Arithmetic The Abacus The Virtual Museum of Computing The Straight Edge and Compass Euclid's Elements Euclid of Alexandria More Euclid on the Web Relative computing power of machines The Collapsing Compass The Compass without straight edge (Mohr-Mascheroni) Heron's Shortest Path via a Line More about Heron of Alexandria Algorithms and Modern Machines: Sir Francis Bacon and the origin of the binary code More about Sir Francis Bacon Error correcting codes Boolean logic ... More about Alan Turing Processing Numbers: Creating Order Real, rational, integer and binary numbers (bits and bytes) Sorting numbers (merge sort and heap sort) Solving equations Computing square roots with Newton's routine The Euclidean factorization algorithm Prime numbers (FAQ's) Historical introduction to primes The Prime Number Home Page Creating Disorder (Randomness) Defining randomness Visualizing randomness Generating random numbers Simulating the rolling of dice on a computer Randomness and the browser Processing Text: Data compression Huffman coding Introduction to probability and information theory (entropy).

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