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         Empedocles:     more books (100)
  1. Quomodo Apud Aristotelem in Ejus: De Anima Doctrina; Empedocles Et Hippocrates Auctoritate Contenderint Cum Platone (Latin Edition) by Guillaume L. Duprat, 2010-02-28
  2. Pour interpreter Empedocle (Philosophia antiqua) (French Edition) by Denis O'Brien, 1981
  3. The Fragments of Empedocles: Tr. Into English Verse by William Ellery Leonard (1908) by Empedocles, 2009-07-08
  4. The proem of Empedocles' Peri Physios: Towards a new edition of all the fragments : thirty-one fragments by Empedocles, 1975
  5. Il Principio Fondamentale Del Sistema Di Empedocle (Italian Edition) by Emilio Bodrero, Empedocles, 2010-03-15
  6. Albergo Empedocle and Other Writings by E. M. Forster, 1971-06
  7. The Strayed Reveller, Empedocles on Etna, and Other Poems: From The Canterbury Poets Series by matthew arnold, 1234
  8. From Empedocles to Wittgenstein: Historical Essays in Philosophy by Anthony Kenny, 2008-10-15
  9. Empedocles: Eine Studie Zur Philosophie Der Griechen (German Edition) by Eduard Baltzer, 2010-03-31
  10. La Biographie D'Empedocle (1894) (French Edition) by Joseph Bidez, 2010-02-23
  11. Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Empedocles to Democritus v. 2 (Arguments of the Philosophers) by Jonathan Barnes, 1979-02
  12. Death by Philosophy: The Biographical Tradition in the Life and Death of the Archaic Philosophers Empedocles, Heraclitus, and Democritus by Ava Chitwood, 2004-08-20
  13. The Death of Empedocles: A Mourning-play (SUNY series in Contemporary Continental Philosophy) by Friedrich Hölderlin, 2009-07-01
  14. Archaic Logic: Symbol and Structure in Heraclitus. Parmenides and Empedocles (De proprietatibus litterarum : Series practica) by Raymond Prier, 1976-06

41. 754. From The Hymn Of Empedocles. Matthew Arnold. The Oxford Book Of English Ver
Matthew Arnold. 1822–1888. 754. From the Hymn of empedocles. IS it so smalla thing, To have enjoy'd the sun,, To have lived light in the spring,,
http://www.bartleby.com/101/754.html
Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Verse Anthologies Arthur Quiller-Couch The Oxford Book of English Verse ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD Arthur Quiller-Couch, ed. 1919. The Oxford Book of English Verse: Matthew Arnold.

42. Empedocles. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. empedocles. ( mp d´ kl z) (KEY), c.495–c.435 BC, Greek philosopher, b. Acragas (present Agrigento), Sicily.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/em/Empedocl.html
Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Empedocles mp kl z) ( KEY B.C.

43. EMPEDOCLES
empedocles c.493 c.435 BC Greek Philosopher empedocles, a philosopher of Greekdescent, lived in Sicily. empedocles discovered air as a separate substance.
http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons2_n2/empedocles.html
EMPEDOCLES
c.493 - c.435 BC
Greek Philosopher
Empedocles, a philosopher of Greek descent, lived in Sicily. Empedocles discovered air as a separate substance. In his cosmology fire, air, water and earth mingle and separate under the compulsion of love and strife. He wrote a poetic treatise 'On Nature'. It contained ideas that anticipated the ideas of evolution, the circulation of the blood, and atmospheric pressure. www link :
From the University of St. Andrews, Scotland
School of Mathematics
Biography

44. TV:SCI FI Channel:X-Files:Empedocles Funny Stuff
Date 11/26/2002 From achtungsuz hey yall, I just saw empedocles on TNT theother night and noticed for the first time a really excellent moment.
http://bboard.scifi.com/bboard/browse.cgi/1/5/2970/270
Attention SCIFI.COM members. We are currently working on a new BBoard system. This change will be more than the upgrade of the past. We are building a whole new system from the ground up. If you have any suggestions or features you would like to see in the new BBoard, please e-mail them to, bboard@www.scifi.com
Empedocles funny stuff
Date: 11/26/2002
From: achtungsuz

hey yall, I just saw Empedocles on TNT the other night and noticed for the first time a really excellent moment. When Mulder brings Scully a present, she exclaims, "Nice package!" I love DD's reading of the next line: "Thank you," a little befuddled as he's clearly not thinking about the same package Scully is... haha. Solid proof there can be UST, even when it's technically RST. :) Reply Title Created by Beginning Text Interesting... danubhe ...You have an interesting "na interesting, eh? achtungsuz You think you know the reference in sorry, not til 2003

45. Empedocles
empedocles. (Greek philosopher. I'd get into it, but if you're really interested,is a great source of info. this. Menu. DeadAlive. Three Words. empedocles. Vienen.
http://www.geocities.com/fearthejar/Empedocles.html
Empedocles (Greek philosopher. I'd get into it, but if you're really interested, is a great source of info. this Menu Within Without ... Three Words Empedocles Vienen Alone Essence Existence

46. Empedocles
empedocles Detective Potter Yeah, but what about all these images these devilpictures? Reyes It's Marilyn Manson. Detective Potter Marilyn Manson?
http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Station/9582/empedocles.html
Empedocles
Detective Potter: Yeah, but what about all these images... these devil pictures?
Reyes: It's Marilyn Manson.
Detective Potter: Marilyn Manson?
Reyes: Your kids listen to him. They probably buy his CDs at K-Mart. I don't think there's anything satanic going on here, Detective.
Scully: Mulder?
Mulder: What?
Scully: I was just about to jump in the shower but I was waiting for the pizza man.
Mulder: You got something going on with the pizza man I should know about?
Scully: The pizza man?
Mulder: Well, correct me if I'm wrong but you just said you were waiting for the pizza man to jump in the shower. Scully: No, what I mean was the pizza man's usually late, and so ... you want to come in? Mulder: Thank you. Scully: I feel like I'm stuck in an episode of Mad About You. Mulder: Well, uh, yeah, but small technicality. Mad About You was about a married couple and we just work together. Scully: Yeah, well, you know what I'm talking about. Mulder: I do, I do. What-what I'm trying to say is that, uh... we have no good reliable information on this man. I mean, what I am saying is the pizza man ... is not above suspicion.

47. EpistemeLinks.com: Philosopher Results
Chapter 5 of JohnBurnett's Early Greek Philosophy, 1920 ed. empedocles Fragments and Commentary,......empedocles. Born 490 BC Died 430 BC. empedocles,
http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Empe

48. EMPEDOCLES
empedocles. ON THE TRANSMIGRATION OF THE SOUL. ('Fragments' 115,117, 118). There is an oracle of Necessity, ancient decree of the
http://alexm.here.ru/mirrors/www.enteract.com/jwalz/Eliade/181.html
EMPEDOCLES
ON THE TRANSMIGRATION OF THE SOUL
'Fragments' There is an oracle of Necessity, ancient decree of the gods, eternal and sealed with broad oaths: whenever one of those demi-gods, whose lot is long-lasting life, has sinfully defiled his dear limbs ' with bloodshed, or following strife has sworn a false oath, thrice ten thousand seasons does he wander far from the blessed, being born throughout that time in the forms of all manner of mortal things and changing one baleful path of life for another. The might of the air pursues him into the sea, the sea spews him forth on to the dry land, the earth casts him into the rays of the burning sun, and the sun into the eddies of air. one takes him from the other, but all alike abhor him. Of these I too am now one, a fugitive from the gods and a wanderer, who put my trust in raving strife. (Frag. II I wept and wailed when I saw the unfamiliar place. ( Frag For already have I once been a boy and a girl, a fish and a bird and a dumb sea fish. (Frag.

49. Empedocles
empedocles. In the 5th century BC empedocles classified all substancesas combinations of four elements air, earth, fire, and water.
http://physics.hallym.ac.kr/education/hep/adventure/Empedocles.html
Empedocles
In the 5th century BC Empedocles classified all substances as combinations of four elements: air, earth, fire, and water. In the 4th century BC Aristotle reiterated this, emphasizing that these four elements are bearers of fundamental properties. When looking at the physical world, the most striking basic differences are those between solids, liquids, gases, and fire. These observed differences must be accounted for by any scientific theory of nature. Empedocles' theory was a natural extension of this. This theory dominated physics and chemistry until the 17th century. Use your browser's back button to return to the main sequence.

50. TMTh:: EMPEDOCLES OF ACRAGAS
INVENTOR empedocles OF ACRAGAS (fl. 495 435 BC) Work empedocles did not accept coming-into-being and passing-away in the strict sense of the words.
http://www.tmth.edu.gr/en/aet/5/41.html

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ARCHITECTS ... PHYSICISTS PHYSICIST, ENGINEER, PHYSICIAN, INVENTOR EMPEDOCLES OF ACRAGAS (fl. 495 - 435 BC) Life
Son of the Olympic champion Meton, student of Xenophanes of Colophon, Anaxagoras of Clazomenae and Parmenides of Elea, Empedocles was a great naturalist who sought to construct a coherent theory of the physical world. He is cited by Diogenes Laertius, Plutarch, John Tsetses, Iamblichus and Vitruvius.
Work
Empedocles did not accept "coming-into-being" and "passing-away" in the strict sense of the words. Rather, in order to explain changes in matter he posited a cohesive elemental matter of which the entire world is composed, based on the four fundamental elements of fire, water, earth and air. In his theory, change was brought about by the action and interaction of two forces: "Love" (or attraction) and "Strife" (or repulsion). In the beginning, matter was "held together by Love in the form of a sphere". Then "Strife intervened to dissociate the elements, and whirlwinds and vortexes were produced". Empedocles, in other words, foreshadowed modern theories of nebulae, atoms and nuclei; he was also the first to formulate a corpuscular theory of matter.
He invented a clepsydra based on water pressure and the difference in pressure in a void.

51. BBC - Cult - X Files - Season Eight Episode Guide - Empedocles
empedocles A burning man could be connected to Doggett'sson Part of the X Files Season Eight Episode Guide.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/xfiles/episodeguide/eight/page17.shtml

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Entertainment Cult homepage ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! X Files Episode Guide Season Eight Episode Guide ... Empedocles A burning man could be connected to Doggett's son... In a New Orleans office, Gary Garber informs his employee JebDukes that he has been sacked. Stunned, Jeb walks outside, and sees a car being chased by a police cruiser speed into a collision with a four-wheel-drive and burst into flames. A Burning Man calmly steps out of the car and walks right into Jeb’s body, suddenly disappearing, as if having been absorbed into him. Later Jeb returns to the office with a handgun and kills Garber and personnel officer Roberta Toews. Agent Monica Reyes goes to New Orleans to assist with the investigation. Her cheery mood evaporates when a vision of Toews' corpse, now charcoal-like in appearance, fills her mind. Meanwhile, Mulder rushes Scully to the hospital after she suddenly doubles-over in pain. Reyes asks Mulder for his help with the case, explaining that she is reluctant to ask Doggett because the case involves him. They meet and Reyes gives Mulder two files pertaining to the death of Doggett’s son. Reyes explains that the only clue about the killer was a vision of the little boy’s body turned to ash she experienced, like the vision of Toews’ charcoal-like corpse.

52. Empedocles Of Akragas Links
empedocles of Akragas, Some empedocles of Akragas Links. You may need 0VOL1D/03839000.asp.Search the Web for empedocles of Akragas.
http://elvers.stjoe.udayton.edu/history/people/Empedocles.html
Empedocles of Akragas
Some Empedocles of Akragas Links
You may need to search for the person using your browser's find function Empedocles of Akragas (ca. 492-ca. 432 BC) at http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/bios/Empedocles.html Empedocles of Acragas at http://hydra.perseus.tufts.edu/GreekScience/Students/Jesse/Jesse.html Not Found at http://www.clinch.edu/philos/phil205/Empedocles.htm Biography - Empedocles at http://www.physics.gmu.edu/classinfo/astr228/CourseNotes/ECText/Bios/empedocl.htm Empedocles at http://www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/cpep/Empedocles.html Empedocles (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy) at http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/e/empedocl.htm Empedocles Encarta® Concise Encyclopedia Article at http://encarta.msn.com/index/concise/0VOL1D/03839000.asp
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53. Empedocles
All of the pluralistic responses to Parmenides (empedocles, Anaxagoras, and theAtomists) were influenced by him, but rejected his extreme monism. empedocles.
http://www.dsfss.uniud.it/~andrea/corso2000-01/S. Marc Cohen/emped.htm
The Pluralists
  • Parmenides' successors seemed to be concerned with these five central Parmenidean doctrines:
  • Monism: there is no plurality
  • There is no motion
  • There is no generation or destruction
  • There is no qualitative change or differentiation
  • There is no void
  • All of the pluralistic responses to Parmenides (Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the Atomists) were influenced by him, but rejected his extreme monism. They sought to reconcile, as much as possible, Parmenideanism with common sense.
  • They all disagreed with Parmenides about (1) and (2): all maintained plurality and motion. But they all accepted (3): there is no coming into existence or ceasing to exist. Where they differ among themselves is over (4) and (5): the reality of qualitative differences and the existence of the void.
  • Empedocles and Anaxagoras broke ranks with Parmenides over (4), but toed the line on (5). The atomists agreed with Parmenides that there is no genuine qualitative change, but claimed that there was empty space - a void. These points are all summarized in the table below:
  • 54. Review Of "Empedocles"
    The XFiles, v. 2.0. by Sarah Stegall. Series The X-Files Episode empedoclesWriter Greg Walker Director Barry K. Thomas Airdate 22 April 2001.
    http://www.munchkyn.com/xf-rvws/empedocles.html
    The X-Files, v. 2.0
    by Sarah Stegall
    Series: The X-Files
    Episode: Empedocles
    Writer: Greg Walker
    Director: Barry K. Thomas
    Airdate: 22 April 2001
    "I saw Elvis once in a potato chip." Fox Mulder Being dead has done wonders for Fox Mulder. He's funny, he's feisty, he has that barely-suppressed grin hovering around his mouth, and he's sexy as hell. The guy who was dragging through the seventh season of the X-Files has returned from the void with a spring in his step and fire in his eye. I wish he could stay longer. Our evening begins with a layoff to give any manager nightmares; Mr. Milquetoast gets fired, leaves in shock, witnesses an auto accident that frees some evil being to possess him, and then walks back in to introduce his former boss to a new intrepretation of "termination". The New Orleans PD calls in FBI Agent and top-notch profiler Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) to contribute her expertise in Satanism and pop culture; she immediately diagnoses a severe case of Marilyn Manson and calls up Agent Mulder for help. Unfortunately, Mulder has just taken Scully to the hospital emergency room, and is playing circle-and-hiss games with his opposite number, John Doggett. Reyes refuses to let either of them be distracted, and guides their focus back to the case despite their preoccupation with their pissing contest. No wonder Scully likes her. It's just as well that this particular X-File is not all that fresh. We've already seen the enraged employee scenario, and X-Files involving demonic possession are a glut on the market, but the focus of the episode is not really on the trials of Jeb Dukes, Disgruntled Worker At Large. Viewers will probably be spending more time savoring the heightened dynamics of the meeting between Agent Doggett and Agent Mulder, comparing the approaches of Agent Reyes and Agent Scully, and even dissecting the cross-currents between Doggett/Scully and Mulder/Reyes. All we needed for a compleat X-Files Smack-Down was Skinner versus Kersh.

    55. Empedocles The Ash Ock Wizard Of TinyTIM
    empedocles. Really cool drawing of Emp on a version of this picture)empedocles, wizard of TinyTIM is at your service. Emp is a
    http://www.tim.org/wizards/emphome.html
    Empedocles
    (Check out the full-size version of this picture) Empedocles, wizard of TinyTIM is at your service. Emp is a "Paratwa" (from Christopher Hinz' Liege-Killer series, for those who must know), and so is basically one mind who happens to have two bodies (sorta like most people have two hands). Empedocles' bodies (or "tways") are male and female respectively (Gillian and Catharine, when considered separately) and so Emp's gender depends mostly on state of mind at the time. So sometimes Empedocles is male and sometimes female; but always looks the same and is as friendly as ever. Emp's most famous construction is Empedocles' House of Ill-Repute , the best little whorehouse in TIM, where the customer often comes first. Stop by and pass the time, bring some friends! Being a wizard, Emp is there to help you out; don't hesitate to page if you need help or a few extra pennies. Emp's also responsible for putting together all these WWW pages, so send comments, questions, and offers of eternal servitude straight to the Paratwa-to-blame.
    • Back to TIM home page
    • Play TinyTIM! (telnet yay.tim.org 5440)

    56. The TinyTIM Wizard Reading List: Empedocles
    The empedocles' Suggested Reading List. By no means an exhaustive list, butsome books that everyone's favorite Paratwa has been known to enjoy .
    http://www.tim.org/reviews/emp.html
    The Empedocles' Suggested Reading List
    By no means an exhaustive list, but some books that everyone's favorite Paratwa has been known to enjoy....
    Math-y, Geeky Stuff
    • Douglas R. Hofstadter You'll probably see this recommended by others as well, and you should listen to us. We only have your best interests at heart. A really wonderful book of mathematics, logic, art, music, and generally cool thinking stuff. I also enjoyed Hofstadter's Metamagical Themas , so be sure to check that out as well.
    • Calendrical Calculations
      by Nachum Dershowitz and Edward Reingold
      Very cool treatment of gobs of different calendar systems, with source-code for computing them (in LISP). Amazing how many ways there are of marking time, and how accurate they can be.
    • What is the Name of this Book?
      This Book Needs No Title
      et al.
      by Raymond Smullyan
      Great books of logic puzzles, anything you can find by Smullyan Will be wonderful if you like logic puzzles. But in particular try This Book Needs No Title if you can. It's not so much logic puzzles as philosophy puzzles. Questions of philosophy and thought that really make you say

    57. Empedocles

    http://webs.uolsinectis.com.ar/anna/empedocles.htm
    espacio de pensamiento buenos aires, argentina volver a filósofos Empédocles s.V aC acerca de la naturaleza / purificaciones " Doble es la historia que voy a contarte. Pues una vez creció para ser uno, de múltiple que era; otra, por el contrario, de uno que era se disoció para ser múltiple. Doble es el nacimiento de los seres mortales, doble su destrucción; pues el primero lo genera y lo destruye la concurrencia de las cosas todas..."
    Empédocles: Acerca de la Naturaleza

    58. Empedocles Of Acragas
    empedocles is mentioned twice in Plato's dialogues once in the Meno(Meno, 76c) and once in the Theætetus (Theætetus, 152e). . . . .
    http://plato-dialogues.org/tools/char/empedocl.htm
    Bernard SUZANNE Last updated December 5, 1998 Plato and his dialogues : Home Biography Works History of interpretation ... New hypotheses - Map of dialogues : table version or non tabular version . Tools : Index of persons and locations Detailed and synoptic chronologies - Maps of Ancient Greek World . Site information : About the author This page is part of the "tools" section of a site, Plato and his dialogues , dedicated to developing a new interpretation of Plato's dialogues. The "tools" section provides historical and geographical context (chronology, maps, entries on characters and locations) for Socrates, Plato and their time. For more information on the structure of entries and links available from them, read the notice at the beginning of the index of persons and locations Empedocles is mentioned twice in Plato's dialogues : once in the Meno Meno, 76c ) and once in the . . . . WORK IN PROGRESS - PLEASE BE PATIENT . . . To Perseus general lookup encyclopedia mentions in ancient authors Plato and his dialogues : Home Biography Works History of interpretation ... New hypotheses - Map of dialogues : table version or non tabular version . Tools : Index of persons and locations Detailed and synoptic chronologies - Maps of Ancient Greek World . Site information : About the author First published January 4, 1998 - Last updated December 5, 1998

    59. Empedocles: Love And Strife By John Sutton
    John Sutton back to my home page. empedocles LOVE AND STRIFE A QUEST John SuttonSydney, January 1999. Extract 2 empedocles' death Diogenes' tales.
    http://www.phil.mq.edu.au/staff/jsutton/Empedocles.html
    John Sutton
    back to my home page EMPEDOCLES:
    LOVE AND STRIFE
    A QUEST John Sutton
    Sydney, January 1999
    Through this page you'll find information about this play, along with five short extracts. Love and Strife was originally written for the 1998-99 season of Philosophy Nights at the Steki Taverna, a Greek restaurant in Newtown, Sydney, at which audiences eat, drink, and heckle while watching a loose group of performers and philosophers present reconstructions, dialogues, and other dramatic variations on the history of western and eastern philosophy. Love and Strife has since been performed in Armidale, Medlow Bath, and at the Friend in Hand pub in Glebe. It's a mixed-up medley on the life and thought of the wild shamanic pre-Socratic, Empedocles of Acragas. With Diogenes Laertius, the ancient gossip, as M.C., the audience are taught about immortality, blending, and beans by the strangely reincarnated and unnecessarily grumpy mystagogue. Holderlin, Matthew Arnold, and Freud turn up to share their ecstatic encounters with Empedocles' work; Aristotle and some equally picky modern critics get what they deserve; and Nietzsche, planning a tragic drama about Empedocles' death in Etna, duets on the cosmic cycle. Many thanks to Ed Spence for his work on the Philosophy Nights series, and especially to the various cast members: Chris Burgess, Fiona Jenkins, Doris McIlwain, Dan Smith, and Caroline West. I will put up information and links when I get a chance on the other background material to the text (which improvises on and around fragments and texts written by and about Empedocles), and on the recent discovery of a new Empedocles papyrus fragment.

    60. John Sutton's Empedocles: Love And Strife Extract3
    John Sutton back to my home page. back to empedocles Love and Strife.LOVE AND STRIFE A QUEST. Extract Three. Freud My picture of
    http://www.phil.mq.edu.au/staff/jsutton/Empedoclesextract3.htm
    John Sutton
    back to my home page
    back to Empedocles: Love and Strife LOVE AND STRIFE
    A QUEST
    Extract Three Freud
    My picture of the basic forces or instincts, which still arouses much opposition among my fellow psychoanalysts, was already familiar to the philosopher Empedocles of Agrigento, that many-sided personality, who rightly substituted chance for finality and necessity for purpose. When we compare the new scientific notion of the death instinct with the writings of Empedocles, we are tempted to maintain that the two theories are identical: the two fundamental principles of Empedocles - Love and Strife - are both in form and in function the same as our two primal instincts, Eros and destructiveness, the first of which attempts to combine what exists into ever greater unities, while the second endeavours to dissolve these combinations and to destroy the structures to which they have given rise. Love and Strife are necessary and indestructible. Each is always present under the dominion of the other, a hint, a canker, seeping back. The opposed instincts work simultaneously: we deal never with pure life instincts or pure death instincts but only with mixtures of them in different amounts. Empedocles' sphere is an absolute zero state of excitation, self-sufficient. Humans retain a phantasmic memory of the initial golden age of the sphere; and Empedocles was the fallen god whose power arises from his knowledge of the unity of what is, of the nature of human beings as mere moments in the continuous play of the elements.

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