41. J. Presper Eckert of St. Andrews, Scotland. Inventors.About.com A shared profile ofPres eckert and his ENIAC partner, John Mauchly. The Machine http://www.todaysteacher.com/BytesofHistory/eckert.htm

Biography - The Smithsonian Institution's interview and profile Biographical profile from the School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of St. Andrews, Scotland. Inventors.About.com - A shared profile of Pres Eckert and his ENIAC partner, John Mauchly. The Machine That Changed the World - Did it change the world even more than the automobile? People or Products , The Decade in Computing - Are these innovative thinkers and gadgets the next G.E.E.K. table names? Search Biography.com - Search Return to A Byte Out of History Please contact webmaster@todaysteacher.com with any questions concerning this site. Click here for Terms and Conditions of use.

42. J. Presper Eckert From FOLDOC J. presper eckert. person One of the developers of ENIAC. Biography.Summary?. (199511-14). Previous joystick, Joy, William, JPEG http://saturn.cs.unp.ac.za/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?J. Presper Eckert

43. Inventor Of The Week: Archive John William Mauchly and J. presper eckert are the scientists credited with theinvention of the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC), the http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/mauchly-eckert.html

This Week Inventor Archive Inventor Search Inventor of the Week Archive Browse for a different Invention or Inventor The Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC) John William Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert are the scientists credited with the invention of the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer (ENIAC), the first general-purpose electronic digital computer, completed in 1946. Mauchly was born August 30, 1907 in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was a physicist at the Carnegie Institute of Washington, D.C., and perhaps influenced by him, young Mauchly became adept in the sciences. This earned him the Engineering Scholarship of the State of Maryland, which enabled him to enroll at Johns Hopkins University in the fall of 1925 as an undergraduate in the Electrical Engineering program. In 1927 he enrolled directly in a Ph.D. program there and transferred to the graduate physics program of the university. He completed his Ph.D. in 1932 and became a professor of physics at Ursinus College near Philadelphia. J. Presper Eckert Jr. was born April 9, 1919 in Philadelphia. In 1937 he entered the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 1941. Afterwards he was given a post as an instructor at the Moore School. Meanwhile, in 1941, Mauchly had become a student there in a new program designed to educate students on defense technology. Eckert was one of his teachers.

44. J. Presper Eckert (1919-1995) First Previous Next Last Index Text, Slide 12 of 31. http://www.csis.american.edu/museum/HOC_Class/html/slides/eniac/sld012.htm

45. J. Presper Eckert (1919-1995) J. presper eckert (19191995). Met John Mauchly while a graduate studentsupervising laboratory work for a war-time electronics class 1941. http://www.csis.american.edu/museum/HOC_Class/html/slides/eniac/tsld012.htm

J. Presper Eckert (1919-1995) Met John Mauchly while a graduate student supervising laboratory work for a war-time electronics class 1941 did wartime research on radar and delay line memories for radar devices Chief Engineer on ENIAC Contract signed when he was 24 years old First electronic digital engineer Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

46. Eckert J. presper eckert. eckert was a grad student studying at the MooreSchool in 1943. There, he met John Mauchly, who spoke about the http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~pws/EMX/eckert.html

J. Presper Eckert Eckert was a grad student studying at the Moore School in 1943. There, he met John Mauchly, who spoke about the idea of an electronic version of the Ganged Calculator. Mauchley needed someone to oversee the design and construction of the ENIAC, and it was J. Presper Eckert who rose to the challenge. Because vacuum tubes were well-known to burn out without warning, one of the largest engineering challenges facing the ENIAC team was how to make the tubes more reliable. Eckert's design addressed this problem in three ways. First, he designed the circuits of the ENIAC so that the tubes only needed to represent "on" or "off" instead of any numerical value. This design feature meant that even if a tube varied from its specification, it would still be correct in terms of being on or off. Second, the tubes themselves led "pampered" lives, for vacuum tubes. Eckert knew that tubes usually fail early or late in their lives, so he made sure the ENIAC used only tubes drawn from a special 'burnt-in" selection. These were tubes that had been running long enough to be known to be good, but still young enough to have many useful hours left. Also, the circuits were only energized with about one quarter of the normal voltage for the tubes. This way, the tubes ran much cooler and thus lasted longer. Third, Eckert designed the ENIAC using a "component" system. By organizing the parts into discreet components, Eckert simplified the tasks of maintenance and troubleshooting. Whenever there was a problem, it was a simple matter to replace the broken component.

47. ACM Guide: Proper Noun Subject Index Home nouns J J. presper eckert. Proper Noun J. presper eckert. Sort byTitle Publisher Published Date Author J. presper eckert 0 -1 of 0 http://portal.acm.org/nouns.cfm?part=noun&row=J&&idx=J. Presper Eckert&query=J.

48. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENIAC [RU 9537] - Smithsonian Videohistory Collection Videotaped interview with J. presper eckert about significant aspects of the design,development, and operation of the ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator http://www.si.edu/archives/ihd/videocatalog/9537.htm

Smithsonian Videohistory Collection DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENIAC (RU 9537) Background The ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer), the largest and most powerful early computer, was designed to compute the paths of artillery shells, and to solve computational problems in fields such as nuclear physics, aerodynamics, and weather prediction. The U.S. Army Ordnance Department funded The Moore School for Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania to build the computer between 1943 and 1945. J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly were the principle designers. The ENIAC computed a thousand times faster than any existing device. In the "Computing Gallery, Computers Before 1946," of the National Museum of American History (NMAH) on February 2, 1988, David Allison , Curator at NMAH, interviewed J. Presper Eckert about significant aspects of the design, development, and operation of the ENIAC. Specifically, the session documented both technical and non-technical aspects of the design of the ENIAC, including Eckert's engineering background, early uses of calculators to perform ballistics calculations, materials testing, and the assembly of components. Eckert demonstrated the operation of the accumulators, plug-in units, wiring conduits, and function tables with the original artifacts displayed in the gallery. Much of the session was recorded for inclusion in the "Information Age" exhibit which opened at NMAH in May, 1990. The video producer, Peter Vogt, frequently interrupted or stopped the interview to meet script and exhibit requirements. Therefore, this session has a number of rough cuts for a professional production.

49. Smithsonian: Inventors And Scientists Work, 192972, eckert, J. presper, J. presper eckert Interview withChief Engineer, ENIAC Computer, Edison, Thomas, Edison Celebrating http://www.si.edu/science_and_technology/inventors_and_scientists/

About Smithsonian Websites A-Z Home Exhibitions ... Science and Technology Inventors and Scientists Science and Technology Inventors and Scientists Fields: Animals Astronomy Aviation and Transportation Computers and Communications ... Plants See also: History of Science and Technology General Exploring the History of Women Inventors Essay on American women inventors Impacto, Influencio, Cambio: Science, Technology, and Invention in Latin America and the Southwestern United States Highlights the lives and accomplishments of Latin American inventors, aviators and astronauts Innovative Lives Meet the inventors who have participated in the Lemelson Center's "Innovative Lives" program for middle school students Invention at Play Explore the playful side of invention and the inventive side of play in this highly interactive traveling exhibit Portraits of Smithsonian Science The curators and scientists at the Natural History Museum The Real McCoy, African-American Invention and Innovation, 1619-1930 The technology of early African Americans is of particular interest to researchers Andreesen, Marc

50. J J. presper eckert Jr. for more information on J. presper eckert Jr. ClickHere, J. presper eckert Jr. was J. presper eckert Jr. passed http://www.wchs.srsd.sk.ca/Barteski/Computers 9/Stephanie Hermiston.htm

J. Presper Eckert Jr. .To Go To WCHS Click Her e for more information on J. Presper Eckert Jr. Click Here J. Presper Eckert Jr. was born April 9 1919 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , USA . He graduated from Moore School in 1943. There he met John Mauchly. Together they constructed the first large-scale general-purpose electronic computer. Built at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering. I t was also designed for a very specific task, specifically compiling tables for the trajectories of bombs and shells. In 1946 when World War II was over the computer was used particularly on top secret problems associated with the development of nuclear weapons. In 1946 Eckert and Mauchly started a business partnership that become the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation. In 1949 Eckert and Mauchly launched BINAC (Binary Automatic Computer) which used magnetic tape to store data programming. The Remington Rand Corporation acquired the Eckert-Mauchly company in 1950 and changed the name to Univac Division of Remington Rand. Later research resulted in the Universal Automatic Computer. A computer containing many of the elements of today's machines.

51. Presper Eckert presper eckert, Born April 9, 1919. Died June 3, 1995. Created By Andrea Harder.J presper eckert Jr. graduated from William Penn Carted School in 1937. http://www.wchs.srsd.sk.ca/Barteski/Computers 9/ANDREA H.htm

Presper Eckert Born: April 9, 1919 Died: June 3, 1995 Created By: Andrea Harder J Presper Eckert Jr. graduated from William Penn Carted School in 1937. In Germans town after graduating from school he attended the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania from where he graduated in 1941. As an outstanding electrical engineering student, Eckert was given a job as an instructor at the Moore School soon after his graduation. Eckert joined with Mauchly in the construction of the Electronic Integrator and Computer. May 1943 at his time, Eckert had almost completed the work for his masters degree. Eckert was appointed as chief engineer to design the electronic circuits. Eckert had many problems he had to solve and he eventually made the operation of computer viable. The ENIAC computer was intended to be a general purpose but it was also designed for a very specific task. Compiling tables for the trajectories of bombs and shells. Eckert completed his direct task by February 1946, the ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic digital computer.

52. William Mauchly And J. Presper Eckert & First Previous Next Last Index Text. Slide 9 of 28. http://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece291/archive/archive-f99/lecture/l1_slides/sld009.

53. William Mauchly And J. Presper Eckert & William Mauchly and J. presper eckert ENIAC Electronic Numerical IntegratorAnd Computer. Constructed in the University of Pennsylvania (1943-1946). http://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece291/archive/archive-f99/lecture/l1_slides/tsld009

Constructed in the University of Pennsylvania (1943-1946) 10 feet tall, occupied 1000 square feet of floor, weighted 30 tones Used 18000 vacuum tubes Required 150 kW of power (enough to light a small town) Key problem with computers built with vacuum tubes was reliability records show that about 50 tubes had to be replaced per day , on average Around 1943 Eckert and Mauchly discussed the concept of creating a stored-program computer in which an internal read-write memory would be used to store both instructions and data Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

54. Search Result For J. Presper Eckert Search Result for J. presper eckert. Personpage in DBLP Search Computer ScienceBibliography, ResearchIndex, Cora, Google(pdf), HBP Bibliographies, XXX http://hpsearch.uni-trier.de/hp/a-tree/e/Eckert:J=_Presper.html

55. STORIA INVENTORI COMPUTER CALCOLATRICI LINGUAGGI PROGRAMMAZIONE Translate this page La grande storia dell'evoluzione informatica. J. presper eckert. e. J. prespereckert (1919-1995) e John William Mauchly (1907-1980). eckert. Mauchly. http://www.windoweb.it/edpstory_new/ep_eckert.htm

HOME Segnalaci un sito torna a Indice Inventori e Protagonisti La grande storia dell'evoluzione informatica J. Presper Eckert e John William Mauchly J. Presper Eckert (1919-1995) e John William Mauchly (1907-1980) Eckert Mauchly Tecnologi americani. Furono i creatori dei primi calcolatori elettronici digitali: l'ENIAC - in collaborazione con Herman H. Goldstine - e in seguito l'UNIVAC e il BINAC L'entità del loro contributo alla realizzazione dell'EDVAC è stato invece oggetto di controversie, anche legali, che li hanno visti schierati contro von Neumann e lo stesso Goldstine. La loro società, con la quale avevano prodotto l'UNIVAC, fu in seguito assorbita dalla Sperry Rand Co Nel 1945, i piani del computer moderno erano chiaramente definiti e l'EDVAC venne messo in cantiere. L'ENIAC era appena stato completato senza che, per questo, la tecnologia dei tubi a vuoto usati per il calcolo fosse accettata da tutti, nonostante l'autorità conferita al progetto dalla partecipazione di un uomo illustre come von Neumann. L'EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) sarà uno degli ultimi prototipi di computer costruito alla fine degli anni '40, pur essendo stata la prima macchina di questo tipo messa in cantiere: infatti sarà completata solo nel 1951.

56. Looking.back -- FEBRUARY Almost two years later, on February 14, 1946 the University of Pennsylvania unveiledthe ENIAC, designed by J. presper eckert and John Mauchly, for the purpose http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/50th/February.html

FEBRUARY 1996 During World War II a group of scientists led by Max Newman, mathematician from Cambridge University, and including Alan Turing and several thousand others, attacked the German high command coded messages to decrypt their contents and to produce intelligence that became known as "Ultra". Located at Bletchley Park, England, these scientists achieved their goal, even though complicated by an ever more complex encryption devices, through the development of a series of computer-like machines culminating in an electronic marvel known as Colossus. The first prototype began operating in February 1944, and several additional machines were prepared in time for D-day in June 1944, and two years prior to the unveiling of ENIAC. Though not revealed to the world until 1970, the scientists at Bletchley Park were able to use their knowledge to provide portions of the British computer industry. Today a museum at Bletchley Park is reconstructing a Colossus. Almost two years later, on February 14, 1946 the University of Pennsylvania unveiled the ENIAC, designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, for the purpose of computing firing tables for the Aberdeen Proving Ground. Though arguably not the first "computer", having been preceded by Konrad Zuse's Z-1 and Z-2 machines in Germany from 1935-38, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry's regenerative memory machine in 1939, and Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I (aka ASCC) in 1944, and Colossus in Great Britain, ENIAC was the first fully operational electronic, general purpose, machine. Though programming was essentially completed by rewiring and the stored memory was not yet implemented, ENIAC was a parallel processor well ahead of its time.

57. Looking.back -- April School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, together withthe machine's builders, John Mauchly and J. presper eckert, was submitted to http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/50th/April.html

APRIL 1996 In this year in which we celebrate both the 50th Anniversary of the unveiling of the first electronic, general purpose computer, ENIAC, and the establishment of the Large Scale Computing Committee within the AIEE, that eventually grew up to become the IEEE Computer Society, events relating to each occur month by month. In April 1943 the proposal to develop the ENIAC written by John Brainerd, Dean of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, together with the machine's builders, John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert , was submitted to the Aberdeen Proving Ground. Sponsored by Herman Goldstine , then an Army Lieutenant responsible for liaison between the two institutions, the proposal was intended to develop a machine that would replace the human (mainly women) "computers" that were calculating the entries in firing tables for the Proving Ground. Three years later that machine changed the world. April is the birthday month of J. Presper Eckert, whom we all had anticipated would be present for the 50th Anniversary celebrations this year. Unfortunately he died in June 1995. Eckert received the IEEE Computer Society Pioneer Award in 1980. With John Mauchly, Eckert was not only the inventor of the ENIAC; together they created the EDVAC, BINAC, and UNIVAC computers. Some of the concepts that were rediscovered in the ENIAC project had been the subject of a patent application in Germany in 1936. In the early stages of building the

58. UNIVAC-FAQ The UNIVAC was designed by J. presper eckert and John Mauchly. It was began inabout 1946 and completed in March 1951. The name UNIVAC was chosen in 1947. http://members.aol.com/Historycd/univac-faq.htm

The UNIVAC FAQ (UNIVAC Frequently Asked Questions This edition dated: July 14, 2001 What does UNIVAC stand for? Universal Automatic Computer. Who created the UNIVAC? The UNIVAC was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. It was began in about 1946 and completed in March 1951. The name UNIVAC was chosen in 1947. What is so special about the UNIVAC? The UNIVAC was the first mass produced commercial business computer. This means it was the first computer that businesses could actually order and purchase, back in 1951. Prior to this, most computers built were "one of a kind" machines that were not mass-produced. In the case of the UNIVAC I, only 46 were made, but that was considered mass production for the time. How many UNIVACs were there? There were 46 UNIVAC model I computers built. They didn't get the name UNIVAC I until later computers were built (such as the UNIVAC II, UNIVAC III, etc.). Many computers had the UNIVAC name, which was used up until about 1983. Who owned the UNIVAC company? The UNIVAC was built by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, from 1946 to 1951. They formed the "Electronic Control Company" in around 1946. They named their company the "Eckert Mauchly Computer Company ("EMCC") in 1947. Their company was purchased by Remington Rand in 1950. The EMCC became the UNIVAC Division of Remington Rand. Remington Rand advertised their name as "Remington Rand UNIVAC." In 1955, Sperry Corporation merged with Remington Rand to become Sperry Rand. They kept the name UNIVAC as the UNIVAC Division of Sperry Rand. Sperry merged with Burroughs in 1986 to form UNISYS.

59. History Of Computers A directory of sites about the history of computers arranged categorically and with specific topic Category Computers History...... algorithm DIGITAL IMAGING Mona Lisa, Digital Image from 1965 A Brief History ofDigital Imaging E- eckert, J. presper J. presper eckert Interview The eckert http://www.hitmill.com/computers/computerhx1.html

hitmill.com/ Computers Main Page History of Computers History of Computers has moved. Please click below and go to http://www.hitmill.com/computers/computerhistory.asp" Updated -

60. Inventors Online Museum Presents ENIAC And The Birth Of The Computer Age John Mauchly and J. presper eckert would have made Charles Babbageproud with their invention of the ENIAC. Babbage had envisioned http://www.inventorsmuseum.com/eniac.htm

Back to Communications Museum Lobby About Contact the Museum ... Search ENIAC, the Electrical Numerical Integrator and Computer, was not the first computer developed, but it opened the door for everything that would follow. Weighing in at just over 30 tons with 18,000 vacuum tubes, 1500 relays and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors and inductors it was the first multipurpose computer. Within a decade commercial uses of computers were introduced and it was largely due to the pioneering accomplishments of ENIAC. John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert would have made Charles Babbage proud with their invention of the ENIAC. Babbage had envisioned a device that could do multiple types of calculations. Other computers of the time all had specific functions. For example, the British computer Colossus was designed specifically to crack the NAZI codes during the war. But ENIAC could be programmed to perform different functions. It was also fast. It could add 5,000 numbers or do 14 ten digit multiplications in a second. While this is slow by modern standards it was incredible for the 1940s. The Development of ENIAC ENIAC may have never come about (or at least not as quickly) if it hadn't been for World War II. The Navy needed faster ways to compute artillery firing charts. These charts took into account things like the wind and elevation to make sure that the bombs hit the right spot. The people that they had doing the calculations simply could not do them fast enough.

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