1. Philosophers : Rene Descartes Rene Descartes. Philosopher and Mathematician. French. 15961650.Descartes was a jack of all trades , making major contributions to http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/descartes.html

Rene Descartes Philosopher and Mathematician French Descartes was a "jack of all trades", making major contributions to the areas of anatomy, cognitive science, optics, mathematics and philosophy. Underlying his methodology is the belief that all science is based on mathematics. This is manifested in his unification of ancient geometry and his new alegbra based on the Cartesian coodinate system. For Descartes, certainty in philosphy and in mathematics is gained through understanding. We may know that two apples and two apples makes four apples, but Descartes believes that matematics transcends the senses, contributing to an overall mathematical order to the universe that is independent of senses. Senses were at the center of his Meditations on First Philosphy , a work in which Descartes explores the concepts of self, God and mind. He begins by shaking our belief in the sneses; if they are all an illusion created by a malicious deceiver, what can we trust? His answer is that we can doubt, and that the deceiver cannot cause us to doubt our own existence. Thus, the famous "cogito ergo sum" (I think therefore I am). However, the I is not a physical "i", is is an immaterial mind that is identified by "I". Thus begins Cartesian Dualism, the theory that there are two fundamental types of entities : mind and matter. The physical bodies exists extended in space, with depth, width and breadth. However, minds are entirely immaterial and nonspatial; they are the "I" he refers to. Since the mind is the only entity that can think (rocks cannot), Descartes uses the cogito arguemnt to prove the existence of a mind.

2. RENE DESCARTES RENE DESCARTES (15951650). I am thinking Rene Descartes was a famousFrench mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/descartes.html

RENE DESCARTES (1595-1650) "I am thinking therefore I exist." (Latin: Cogito ergo sum) from the Discourse on Method Rene Descartes was a famous French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. He was arguably the first major philosopher in the modern era to make a serious effort to defeat skepticism. His views about knowledge and certainty, as well as his views about the relationship between mind and body have been very influential over the last three centuries. Regulae or Rules for the Direction of Mind written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he shared with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers. One source of this interest in method was ancient mathematics. The thirteen books of Euclid's Elements was a model of knowledge and deductive method. But how had all this been achieved? Archimedes had made many remarkable discoveries. How had he come to make these discoveries? The method in which the results were presented (sometimes called the method of synthesis) was clearly not the method by which these results were discovered. So, the search was on for the method used by the ancient mathematicians to make their discoveries (the method of analysis). Descartes is clearly convinced that the discovery of the proper method is the key to scientific advance. For a more extended and detailed discussion of these methods, see John Cottingham , The Rationalists

3. Regulae Ad Directionem Ingenii / Regeln Zur Ausrichtung Der Erkenntniskraft Desc Translate this page Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtung der Erkenntniskraftdescartes rene. Regulae ad Erkenntniskraft. Autor descartes rene. Rubrik http://www.easy-kriminet.de/Descartes-Rene-Regulae-ad-directionem-in-3787302654.

Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtung der Erkenntniskraft Descartes Rene Titel: Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtung der Erkenntniskraft. Autor: Descartes Rene Rubrik: Philosophie Renaissance und Aufklärung Erkenntnis Fernau Joachim Goethes letzte... Siebert Claudia Moskau ist an... Cronin Vincent Katharina die ... Horst Eberhard Caesar. Eine B... ... Home

4. Die Leidenschaften Der Seele Descartes Rene Translate this page Die Leidenschaften der Seele descartes rene. Titel Die Leidenschaften der Seele.Autor descartes rene. Rubrik Philosophie Deutscher Idealismus 19. Jh. http://www.fachbuch-arena.de/Descartes-Rene-Die-Leidenschaften-der-Se-3787313087

Die Leidenschaften der Seele Descartes Rene Titel: Die Leidenschaften der Seele. Autor: Descartes Rene Rubrik: Philosophie Deutscher Idealismus 19. Jh. Leidenschaft Seele Kategorie: Ratgeber Yee Patrick Die kleine Löwin... Heine Helme Freunde.... Heine Helme Na warte, sagte S... Heine Helme Mullewapp.... ... Home

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Gespräch mit Burman Lateinisch / Deutsch Descartes Rene Titel: Gespräch mit Burman. Lateinisch / Deutsch. Autor: Descartes Rene Rubrik: Kategorie: Plotin Geist. Ideen. Freiheit.... Platon Philosophische Biblioth... Locke John Philosophische Bib... Aristoteles Metaphysik 1 (Kt).... ... Home

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Descartes nachgedacht Descartes Rene Titel: Descartes nachgedacht. Autor: Descartes Rene Rubrik: Philosophie Deutscher Idealismus 19. Jh. Descartes Rene Einzelne Philosophen Kassimatis Georg, Stolle Verf... Usener Hermann Götternamen. V... Hausmann Frank-Rutger 'Vom St... Jansen Peter-Erwin Das Utopis... ... Home

7. Basic Search Nina, Science History ; Scientists - Biography ; Copernicus, Nicolaus ; Boyle,Robert ; Franklin, Benjamin ; Galilei, Galileo ; Descartes, Rene, 509.2-MOR http://intra.trinity.wa.edu.au/webopac/default.asp?n=s&c=DESCARTES RENE

8. Rene Descartes Rene Descartes. While the great philosophical distinction betweenmind and body in western thought can be traced to the Greeks, it http://www.crystalinks.com/descartes.html

Rene Descartes While the great philosophical distinction between mind and body in western thought can be traced to the Greeks, it is to the seminal work of Rene Descartes (1596-1650) , French mathematician, philosopher, and physiologist, that we owe the first systematic account of the mind/body relationship. Descartes was born in Touraine, in the small town of La Haye and educated from the age of eight at the Jesuit college of La Fleche. At La Flche, Descartes formed the habit of spending the morning in bed, engaged in systematic meditation. During his meditations, he was struck by the sharp contrast between the certainty of mathematics and the controversial nature of philosophy, and came to believe that the sciences could be made to yield results as certain as those of mathematics. From 1612, when he left La Fleche, until 1628, when he settled in Holland, Descartes spent much of his time in travel, contemplation, and correspondence.

9. Descartes Rene Regulae Ad Directionem Ingenii / Regeln Zur Ausrichtung Der Erken Translate this page descartes rene Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtungder Erkenntniskraft. Descartes Autor descartes rene. Rubrik http://www.1aroman-netz.de/Descartes-Rene-Regulae-ad-directionem-in-3787302654.h

Descartes Rene Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtung der Erkenntniskraft Titel: Regulae ad directionem ingenii / Regeln zur Ausrichtung der Erkenntniskraft. Autor: Descartes Rene Rubrik: Philosophie Renaissance und Aufklärung Erkenntnis Lorenzen Rudolf Cake Walk ode... Esstman Barbara In hellen Som... Cornwell Patricia D. Ein Mord... Garland Alex Der Strand.... ... Home

10. Descartes Rene Descartes 15961650. Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, scientist,and mathematician, is sometimes called the father of modern philosophy. http://www.newlisbon.k12.wi.us/physicists/descartes.html

Rene Descartes Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, is sometimes called the father of modern philosophy. Descartes's philosophy, sometimes called Cartesianism, carried him into elaborate and erroneous explanations of a number of physical phenomena. These explanations did have value, though, because he substituted a system of mechanical interpretations of physical phenomena for the vague spiritual concepts of most earlier writers. Although Descartes had at first been inclined to accept the Copernican theory of the universe with its concept of a system of spinning planets revolving around the sun, he abandoned this theory when it was pronounced heretical by the Roman Catholic church. In its place he devised a theory of vortices in which space was entirely filled with matter, in various states, whirling about the sun. In the field of physiology, Descartes held that part of the blood was a subtle fluid, which he called animal spirits. The animal spirits, he believed, came into contact with thinking substances in the brain and flowed out along the channels of the nerves to animate the muscles and other parts of the body. Descartes's study of optics led him to the independent discovery of the fundamental law of reflection: that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. His essay on optics was the first published statement of this law. Descartes's treatment of light as a type of pressure in a solid medium paved the way for the undulatory theory of light.

11. Quotations From Rene Descartes Quotations from Rene Descartes Find Rene Descartes items at the Quotegeek Store.Quotegeek Literature and Personalities descartes rene. Search Now http://www.quotegeek.com/Literature/Descartes_Rene/

Quotations from Rene Descartes Choose a Location Home Literature and Personalities Movies and Television Themes New Quotations Forums Store Add a Quotation Search Find Rene Descartes items at the Quote Geek Store Add a quotation Search It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well. ( Rating: Review It Search: Number of Results: As Keywords: As Phrase: AND connector: OR connector: Or search: Movies and Television Rene Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher and scientist Find Rene Descartes items at the Quotegeek Store Quotegeek Literature and Personalities : Descartes Rene Search Now: quotegeek.com collection and images © 1999-2000 Katharine Brown designed and maintained by Katharine Brown Links Engine 2.0 By: Gossamer Threads Inc. pages last updated 3-Nov-2000 at the obscene hour of 18:48:05 var site="sm3quotegeek"

12. Descartes Rene French philosopher and scientist Popularly known as the father of modern philosophy,Rene Descartes pioneered a new approach to human knowledge, based on a http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/D/descartes/a29.

French philosopher and scientist Popularly known as the father of modern philosophy, Rene Descartes pioneered a new approach to human knowledge, based on a faith in the ability of reason to benefit humanity. The son of a French nobleman, his gift for mathematics emerged during his Jesuit education. In 1619 he dreamed of reworking knowledge on a more rational basis, and after ten years of travel in Europe he chose a secluded life in the Netherlands to pursue his goal. In his "Meditations," written in French, not Latin, to allow a wider readership, Descartes began by doubting all knowledge, finding certainty only in the statement "I think, therefore I am." He went on to argue that everything should be categorized as either mind or matter, and that all that is matter functions mechanically. He also helped to found coordinate geometry and made major contributions to optics. In 1649 Descartes went to Stockholm to instruct Queen Christina of Sweden in philosophy. Accustomed to meditating in bed until 11 a.m., he fell into bad health when the queen insisted on taking her lessons at 5 a.m. He died of pneumonia one year later.

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Descartes Rene Gespräch mit Burman. Lateinisch / Deutsch. Titel: Gespräch mit Burman. Lateinisch / Deutsch. Autor: Descartes Rene Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich... Cicero Marcus Tullius Topik. ... Mojsisch Burkhard Meister Eck... Husserl Edmund Texte zur Phän... ... Link

15. Descartes Rene - List Do Voetiusa - Ksiegarnia.wysylkowa.pl descartes rene,List do Voetiusa,Descartes,Rene,List,do,Voetiusa,Wydawnictwo,Naukowe,PWNKsiegarnia wysylkowa jedna z najwiekszych ksiegarni w Polsce http://wysylkowa.pl/ks244174.html

Przejd¼ do ksiegarni Przejd¼ do muzyki ... Poka¿ wszystkie Wybierz kategorie (kliknij na nazwê) lub zamknij liste kategorii Aforyzmy Albumy Archeologia ... zamknij liste kategorii Naszym Przyjacielem jest: List do Voetiusa Descartes Rene Wyd. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Powiadom znajomego o ksi±¿ce Termin realizacji: szczegó³y Cena: Cena promocyjna( Rok wydania: Oprawa: Twarda z obwolut± Format: Jêzyk: polski Ilo¶æ stron: ISBN: Seria: BIBLIOTEKA KLASYKÓW FILOZOFII List jest obszernym traktatem stanowi±cym ostatnie ogniwo polemiki wokó³ Medytacji o pierwszej filozofii. Kartezjusz wyst±pi³ tu ostro przeciw ortodoksyjnemu teologowi holenderskiemu, który zarzuca³ mu w dysputach sceptycyzm i ateizm, brak zrozumienia filozofii Arystotelesa, a kartezjanizm zestawia³ z sektami protestanckimi, który wreszcie sta³ siê inspiratorem napisania przez Martina Schoocka pe³nej dotkliwych oskar¿eñ ksi±¿ki Filozofia kartezjañska, czyli godna podziwu metoda nowej filozofii Rene Descartes'a.Tekst Kartezjusza nie jest jedynie dokumentem sporu z holenderskim teologiem. Autor przedstawi³ raz jeszcze swe pogl±dy filozoficzne, doda³ komentarz i sformu³owa³ definicje niektórych wa¿nych pojêæ.Jak s±dz± badacze francuscy, uwa¿ne spojrzenie na List pozwoli dokonaæ rewizji dotychczasowego rozumienia my¶li kartezjañskiej. Osoby zainteresowane t± ksi±¿k± ogl±da³y tak¿e: Rozprawa o metodzie Autor: Descartes Rene Wyd.

16. Online Literature Library - Rene Descartes - Discourse On The Method Of Rightly HTML edition of descartes' "Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Category Society Philosophy Works Discourse on Method......Online Literature Library rene descartes - Discourse on the Method of RightlyConducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. rene descartes. http://www.literature.org/authors/descartes-rene/reason-discourse/

Next Back Contents Home ... Chapter 6 Bibliographic Details Origin Project Gutenberg Source File etext93/dcart10.txt (1996/12/20, 141533 bytes) This Online Literature Library is sponsored by Knowledge Matters Ltd Last updated Tuesday, 29-Jun-1999 13:57:07 UTC Next Back Contents Home ... Contact

17. René Descartes [Internet Encyclopedia Of Philosophy] Entry on descartes from the Encyclopedia. Includes an assessment of his philosophy. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/d/descarte.htm

René Descartes (1596-1650) René Descartes (1596-1650) is one of the most important Western philosophers of the past few centuries. During his lifetime, Descartes was just as famous as an original physicist, physiologist and mathematician. But it is as a highly original philosopher that he is most frequently read today. He attempted to restart philosophy in a fresh direction. For example, his philosophy refused to accept the Aristotelian and Scholastic traditions that had dominated philosophical thought throughout the Medieval period; it attempted to fully integrate philosophy with the 'new' sciences; and Descartes changed the relationship between philosophy and theology. Such new directions for philosophy made Descartes into a revolutionary figure. The two most widely known of Descartes' philosophical ideas are those of a method of hyperbolic doubt, and the argument that, though he may doubt, he cannot doubt that he exists. The first of these comprises a key aspect of Descartes' philosophical method. As noted above, he refused to accept the authority of previous philosophers - but he also refused to accept the obviousness of his own senses. In the search for a foundation for philosophy, whatever could be doubted must be rejected. He resolves to trust only that which is clearly and distinctly seen to be beyond any doubt. In this manner, Descartes peels away the layers of beliefs and opinions that clouded his view of the truth. But, very little remains, only the simple fact of doubting itself, and the inescapable inference that something exists doubting, namely Descartes himself.

18. Mind And Body By Robert H. Wozniak, Bryn Mawr College. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/Table.html

MIND AND BODY: by Robert H. Wozniak Modified from the Catalogue Accompanying an Exhibition of Books from the Collections of the National Library of Medicine, Held in Honor of the Centennial Celebration of the American Psychological Association, August 7 to December 15, 1992 The original exhibition was sponsored by National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; and the American Psychological Association, Washington D.C. 1992 A translation into Spanish has been prepared and made available by Miguel Angel de la Cruz Vives. Acknowledgements TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction The 17th Century: Reaction to the Dualism of Mind and Body The 18th Century: Mind, Matter, and Monism The 19th Century: Mind and Brain ... Biological Consciousness and the Experience of the Transcendent: William James and American Functional Psychology [By Eugene Taylor, Harvard University Medical School] CATALOGUE OF THE EXHIBIT REFERENCES AND TITLES CONSULTED Forum Guest Exhibitions ... Serendip Home Send us your comments at Serendip

19. Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650) Lengthy biography of the French thinker delves into his principle contributions to mathematics and his philosophical theories. descartes as the first of the modern school of mathematics. René descartes was born near Tours on March 31, 1596, and http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/People/Descartes/RouseBall/RB_Descartes.htm

From `A Short Account of the History of Mathematics' (4th edition, 1908) by W. W. Rouse Ball. We may consider Descartes as the first of the modern school of mathematics. was born near Tours on March 31, 1596, and died at Stockholm on February 11, 1650; thus he was a contemporary of Galileo and Desargues. His father, who, as the name implies, was of good family, was accustomed to spend half the year at Rennes when the local parliament, in which he held a commission as councillor, was in session, and the rest of the time on his family estate of Les Cartes He resigned his commission in the spring of 1621, and spent the next five years in travel, during most of which time he continued to study pure mathematics. In 1626 we find him settled at Paris, ``a little well-built figure, modestly clad in green taffety, and only wearing sword and feather in token of his quality as a gentleman.'' During the first two years there he interested himself in general society, and spent his leisure in the construction of optical instruments; but these pursuits were merely the relaxations of one who failed to find in philosophy that theory of the universe which he was convinced finally awaited him. In 1628 Cardinal de Berulle, the founder of the Oratorians, met Descartes, and was so much impressed by his conversation that he urged on him the duty of devoting his life to the examination of truth. Descartes agreed, and the better to secure himself from interruption moved to Holland, then at the height of his power. There for twenty years he lived, giving up all his time to philosophy and mathematics. Science, he says, may be compared to a tree; metaphysics is the root, physics is the trunk, and the three chief branches are mechanics, medicine, and morals, these forming the three applications of our knowledge, namely, to the external world, to the human body, and to the conduct of life.

20. Rene Descartes And The Legacy Of Mind/Body Dualism Catalog of the Scientific Community. descartes, René. Note the creators of the Galileo Project and this catalogue http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exhibitions/Mind/Descartes.html

MIND AND BODY: by Robert H. Wozniak The 17th Century: Reaction to the Dualism of Mind and Body The 18th Century: Mind, Matter, and Monism The 19th Century: Mind and Brain ... Trance and Trauma: Functional Nervous Disorders and the Subconscious Mind De homine was completed in Holland about 1633, on the eve of the condemnation of Galileo. When Descartes' friend and frequent correspondent, Marin Mersenne, wrote to him of Galileo's fate at the hands of the Inquisition, Descartes immediately suppressed his own treatise. As a result, the world's first extended essay on physiological psychology was published only well after its author's death. In this work, Descartes proposed a mechanism [see figure 2] for automatic reaction in response to external events. According to his proposal, external motions affect the peripheral ends of the nerve fibrils , which in turn displace the central ends. As the central ends are displaced, the pattern of interfibrillar space is rearranged and the flow of animal spirits is thereby directed into the appropriate nerves. It was Descartes' articulation of this mechanism for automatic, differentiated reaction that led to his generally being credited with the founding of reflex theory.

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