B.B.Mandelbrot http://www.phil.pku.edu.cn/personal/huajie/ huajie2000@263.net huajie@ihw.com.cn 1994Ä궬ÌìµÄÒ»¸öÏÂÎ磬±±¾©ÖйشåÎåËù´óÂ¥¸ßµÈ¿Æѧ¿Æ¼¼Ñо¿ÖÐÐı¨¸æÌüÄÚ£¬Ò»Î»ÄêÓâ70 µÄ´ó¿Æѧ¼ÒÕýÔÚ×÷Ò»³¡¹ØÓÚ·ÖÐÎ(fractal)µÄ±¨¸æ¡£´ËÈË´÷×Åһ˫¿í´óµÄÑÛ¾µ£¬Ô²¹öµÄ¡°½«¾ü¶Ç¶ù¡±Î¢Î¢ÏòǰͦÆð£¬ÆÄÏñ¸´Æ½æÉÏÄǸö¾¹ýäÖȾµÄ±¦ºù«(Ö¸M¼¯)¡£ËûÍÏ×ÅŨÖØµÄ ·¨¹ú¿ÚÒô£¬ÓÓ¢Óï×ÔÐŵؽ²Êö×Å·ÖÐμ¸ºÎѧµÄ×îнøÕ¹£¬ÕâÅѧ¿ÆÆð³õ¼¸ºõÊÇËûÒ»È˶À×Ô¿ª´´µÄ¡£Ëû²»Ê±´òÁ¿Ò»ÏÂÇ°ÅžÍ×øµÄËûµÄÆÞ×ÓºÍÀ´×ÔÖйú¿ÆѧԺÀíÂÛÎïÀíËùÓë±±¾©´óѧµÄÖÚ¶à·ÇÏßÐÔ¿Æѧר¼Ò£¬µ±È»»¹ÓÐÊýÁ¿¸ü¶àµÄÄêÇáÑо¿ÉúÇ£¬ÕâЩÈË»×¼»á³ÉΪËûµÄÅͽ¡£Ö÷½²ÈËʱ¶ø¾õµÌ«À䣬¼±¦´©ÉÏÍâÌ×,ʱ¶ø¾õµÌ«ÈÈ£¬ÓÖÍѵôÍâÌ×£¬ÔÚ°ë¸öСʱÄÚ¾¹ÕâÑùÖظ´ÁËÈýËÄ´ÎÖ®¶à¡£Õâ¶àÉÙÓÐЩÆæ¹ÖµÄ¾ÙÖ¹ÈǵѧÉúСÉùÒéÂÛÆðÀ´£¬¶ø¸ºÔ𱨸æÌü¿Õµ÷É豸µÄ¹¤×÷ÈË Ô±Ôò¾Ö´Ù²»°²µØËæ×ű¨¸æÈ˵Ŀ´Î´©ÍÑÍâÌ×£¬×ßÏòÊÒÄÚÁ½¸ö¸ß´óÁ¢Ê½¿Õµ÷ǰŤ¶¯¼¸ÏÂÐýŤ¡£ ´ËÈ˱ãÊdz¤ÆÚÔÚIBMÎÖÉÖÐÐĹ©Ö°¡¢ºÕºÕÓÐûµÄ¢µÂ²ªÂÞ(Benoit B.Mandelbrot, 1924- )½ÌÊÚ£¬ÄÇλÔÚ¶àÖÖѧ¿Æ¡°Á÷ÀË¡±ÁË20ÓàÄê²Åµµ½Ñ§½ç¹ã·º³ÐÈϵķÖÐÎÖ®¸¸£¬ÄÇλ½üЩÄêÀ´²»¶Ï µµ½¸÷ÖÖÈÙÓþºÍ½±Àøµ«Ò²µ½´¦ÓëͬÐз¢ÉúÕùÖ´µÄÈËÎï¡£ ËûÖ»ÊǸöÐÔÓÐЩÌر𣬶ÔÖйúÒÔ¼°ÖйúÈ˲¢ÎÞ¶ñÒâ¡£1996Äê8ÔÂËûÔÙ´ÎÀ´·Öйú²Î¼ÓÀîÕþµÀÖ÷³ÖµÄÌâΪ¡°¼òµ¥Ó븴ÔÓ¡±µÄ¹ú¼ÊѧÊõÑÐÌֻᡣ¶ÔÓÚÖйúÎÄ»¯ºÍÎÄ×ÖËû»¹Óм¸·ÖÏòÍù£¬Ëû³ÆÖйúÎÄ×Ö¸ö¸öÊÇͼÐΣ¬ÕâÕýºÏËûµÄ¼¸ºÎѧ˼ά·½Ê½£¬Ö»¿Éϧһ¸öÒ²²»ÈÏʶ¡£¾Ý˵£¬¾Ëû´ÓÖÐÎÓÐý£¬ËûµÄûÖø¡¶´ó×ÔÈ»µÄ·ÖÐμ¸ºÎѧ¡·(The Fractal Geometry of Nature,1982)ÖÐ Òë±¾ÔÚÖйúÊ×´ÎÓ¡ÐпÉÒÔâÊÕ°æË°¡£µ«Òź¶µÄÊÇ£¬Ê±¹ý¶àÄ꣬Òë±¾»¹Î´æÊÀ¡£´óÔ¼9ÄêÇ°¾Í Ìý˵Òë±¾²»¾Ðн«³ö°æ¡£(ÉϺ£Ô¶¶«³ö°æÉç1999ÄêÒѾ³ö°æ´ËÊéÖÐÒë±¾¡£) | |
|