81. Astronomy Papers They include, among others, Thales, Socrates of Athens, Plato of Athens, Eudoxusof Cnidus, Aristotle, callippus, Aristarchus of Samos Symposium, Pythagoras http://science-papers.com/astronomy.html

Papers On Astronomy All Papers Are Only $ /page + FREE Bibliography! SAME DAY DELIVERY IS GUARANTEED!!! Page 1 of 8 Next >> The Evolution of Climate on Terrestrial Planets send me this paper This 7 page report discusses the evolution of climate on the terrestrial planets. The idea of climate on the terrestrial planets is centered on the long-term effect of the sun's radiation on the rotating Earth’s, Venus’, and Mars’ varied surfaces and atmosphere. Climate is most easily understood in terms of annual or seasonal averages of temperature and precipitation. Bibliography lists 6 sources. Filename: BWterre.rtf Galileo Galilei - His Impact On Our Lives Today send me this paper A 7 page paper on the Renaissance mathematician, scientist and inventor which examines his legacy to us as we live in a modern world influenced by the scientific perspectives and methods he espoused during his life. Current applications of discoveries, inventions, and philosophy of science pioneered by Galileo in a wider variety of fields are discussed. Bibliography list 17 Sources. Filename: Galpap.wps

82. Henry Mendell Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 16 (1998), 160225. Reflections on Eudoxus,callippus and their Curves Hippopedes and Callippopedes . Centaurus, vol. http://www.ceu.hu/sun/sun 2003 modmod/CV/henry_mendell_2003.htm

Central European University A Program for University Teachers, Researchers and Professionals in the Social Sciences and Humanities Summer University you are visitor no. Henry Mendell Philosophy Department, California State University, Los Angeles5151 State U. Dr. Education 1977-85: Stanford University (Ph.D. Jan., 1986) 1972-74: St. John's College, Cambridge, England (B.A. 1974, M.A. 1980in Philosophy) 1968-72: Cornell University (A.B. 1971 in Classics (Magna cum laude) and Philosophy) Dissertation Topic: Aristotle and the Mathematicians: Some Cross-Currents in the Fourth Century Principal Thesis Adviser: Julius Moravcsik AOS: Ancient Philosophy, Early Greek Mathematics and Astronomy AOC: Philosophy of Science, Metaphysics Publications Book with Pat Suppesand Julius Moravcsik (eds.). Ancient and Medieval Traditions in the Exact Sciences: Essays in Memory of Wilbur Knorr. Stanford: CSLI (distr. University of Chicago Press), 2001. Articles "The Trouble withEudoxus". In Pat Suppes, Julius Moravcsik, and Henry Mendell (eds.), Ancient and Medieval Traditions in the Exact Sciences: Essays in Memory of Wilbur Knorr (Stanford: CSLI (distr. University of Chicago Press), 2001), 59-138 "Making Sense of Aristotelian Demonstration". Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, 16 (1998), 160-225.

83. The Acts Of John But Cleobius said to his young men Go ye to my kinsman callippus and receive ofhim comfortable entertainment for I am come hither with his son- that we may http://www.gnosis.org/library/actjohn.htm

T HE G NOSTIC S OCIETY L IBRARY Gnostic Scriptures and Fragments. The Acts of John From "The Apocryphal New Testament" Translation and Notes by M. R. James Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924 Introduction (by M. R. James) The length of this book is given in the Stichometry of Nicephorus as 2,500 lines: the same number as for St. Matthew's Gospel. We have large portions of it in the original, and a Latin version (purged, it is important to note, of all traces of unorthodoxy) of some lost episodes, besides a few scattered fragments. These will be fitted together in what seems the most probable order. The best edition of the Greek remains is in Bonnet, Acta Apost. Apocr. 11.1, 1898: the Latin is in Book V of the Historia Apostolica of Abdias (Fabricius, Cod. Apoer. N. T.: there is no modern edition). Leaving for the time certain small fragments which may perhaps have preceded the extant episodes, I proceed to the first long episode (Bonnet, c. 18). [John is going from Miletus to Ephesus.) The Acts of John 18 Now John was hastening to Ephesus, moved thereto by a vision. Damonicus therefore, and Aristodemus his kinsman, and a certain very rich man Cleobius, and the wife of Marcellus, hardly prevailed to keep him for one day in Miletus, reposing themselves with him. And when very early in the morning they had set forth, and already about four miles of the journey were accomplished, a voice came from heaven in the hearing of all of us, saying: John, thou art about to give glory to thy Lord in Ephesus, whereof thou shalt know, thou and all the brethren that are with thee, and certain of them that are there, which shall believe by thy means. John therefore pondered, rejoicing in himself, what it should be that should befall (meet) him at Ephesus, and said: Lord, behold I go according to thy will: let that be done which thou desirest.

84. Almagest Ephemeris Calculator The calendar module also provides a tentative conversion to the Greek astronomicalcalendar of callippus as described by Geminus (Elementa astronomiae VIII.50 http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/astro/almagestephemeris.htm

Almagest Ephemeris Calculator This web page is organized as follows: Introduction How to Use the Almagest Ephemeris Calculator Calendar Date Module The Precession in Longitude and the Obliquity of the Ecliptic ... Bibliography Introduction This web page provides a set of JavaScript calendar and ephemeris modules for calculating geocentric luni-solar and planetary positions for an arbitrary calendar date and time according to the kinematical models of the Sun, the Moon and the planets described in the Almagest (also known as the Mathematike Syntaxis ) of Claudius Ptolemy ( c . 150 AD). The mean motions of the Sun, the Moon and the planets adopted in these modules correspond exactly with Ptolemy’s mean motion tables and the corrections for their eccentric and epicyclic motions are accurately modelled according to the luni-solar and planetary models discussed by Ptolemy in his Almagest As Ptolemy s tables were probably used most often for astrological rather than for astronomical computations, a table displaying the astrological aspects between the luminaries (and the lunar ascending node) with some other astrological quantities is also provided. At present, latitudes are given only for the Sun (this is always zero) and the Moon. In the near future, latitudes and distances will also be supplied for the other luminaries.

85. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) on the cyclic nature of the motion of Moon and Earth (76 years = 940 moonmonths= 27759 days, the so-called Callippic Cycle named after callippus of Cyzicus http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/43/432/east.htm

Section 4.32 Organizational Structure Homepage Deutsche Version The date of Easter Dates of Easter: Table Section 4.32 Unit of Time The date of Easter th table for those who are not in the mood for making this effort. In the following equations INT(a/b) is the integer part of the quotient a/b and MOD(a, b) the non-negative remainder of (a divided by b). Let X be the year-date of interest and take the following steps: K = INT( X / 100 ); A = MOD( X, 19 ); OG = 21 + D - R; (date of full moon in March, corresponding to the 14 th day of the first month (Nisanu) of the moon calendar) SZ = 7 - MOD( X + INT( X / 4 ) + S, 7 ); (date of the first Sunday in March) OE = 7 - MOD( OG - SZ, 7 ). OS = OG + OE is ultimately obtained as the date of Easter Sunday, expressed as a date in the month of March, i.e. 32 nd of March as has to be understood as 1 st of April, etc. As soon as OS has been calculated, several other particular calendar dates are determined as follows OS-46: Ash Wednesday, OS+39: Ascension of Christ, OS+49: Whitsunday

86. Mouseion XLVI, Series III, Vol. 2, 2002, No. 1 1. ARTICLES. LJ Sanders, callippus, 1. Cheryl Cox, Assuming the Master’s ValuesThe Slave’s Response to Punishment and Neglect in Menander, 23. Eugenio Amato. http://www.uofcpress.com/UCP/Mouseion/XLVI-02-1.htm

Mouseion XLVI, Series III, Vol. 2, 2002, No. 1 ARTICLES L.J. Sanders Callippus Cheryl Cox Eugenio Amato An Echo of Sappho in Favorinus? Martin M. Winkler The Face of Tragedy: From Theatrical Mask to Cinematic Close-Up BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS Lene Rubinstein Litigation and Cooperation: Supporting Speakers in the Courts of Classical Athens (Craig Cooper) Jonathan J. Price Thucydides and Internal War (Frances Skoczylas Pownall) Helen King (Tana J. Allen) Nicholas Denyer, ed Plato. Alcibiades (David J. Murphy) Carlo Natali The Wisdom of Aristotle (Martha Husain) David S. Potter Literary Texts and the Roman Historian (Catherine Rubincam) D.R. Shackleton Bailey, ed. and trans. Cicero: Letters to Friends; Cicero: Letters to Quintus and Brutus, Letter Fragments, Letter to Octavian, Invectives, Handbook of Electioneering (A.H. Mamoojee) Monica R. Gale Lucretius and the Didactic Epic (Diana M. Walton)

87. Eudoxus Of Cnidus still. This model was improved by callippus by adding more spheresand by Aristotle added to this certain `retrograde spheres. http://www.math.tamu.edu/~don.allen/history/eudoxus/eudoxus.html

Next: About this document Eudoxus of Cnidus Eudoxus (c. 400 B.C.) is the greatest of the ancient mathematicians, surpassed only by Archimedes but later. Biographical highlights: Eudoxus was born in Cnidos, on the Black Sea. He studied mathematics with Archytus in Tarentum. He studied medicine with Philistium on Sicily. At 23 years he went to Plato's academy in Athens to study philosophy and rhetoric. Some time later he went to Egypt to learn astronomy at Helopolis. He established a school at Cyzicus on the sea of Marmora and had many pupils. In 365 B. C. he returned to Athens with his pupils. He became a colleague of Plato. At the age of 53 he died in Cnidos, highly honored as a lawgiver. He was the leading mathematician and astronomer of his day. Eudoxus was the most reknown astronomer and mathematician of his day. In astronomy devised an ingenious planetary system based on spheres. The spherical earth is at rest at the center. Around this center, 27 concentric spheres rotate. The exterior one caries the fixed stars, The others account for the sun, moon, and five planets.

88. DGE: Lista I: Cadmus - Chrysostomus fr. 58). Callipho pythagoricus. Timpanaro, M., Pitagorici 1, p. 106.III/II aC, callippus comicus. Edmonds, JM, FAC 3A, p. 164. IV http://www.filol.csic.es/dge/lst/l1-c1.htm

C Cadmus - Chrysostomus Cicero - Cyrus Cadmus Milesius historicus Jacoby, F., FGH n. 489. Caecilia Trebulla lyrica ( Caec.Treb. V. Col.Memn I a.C. Caecilius Calactinus rhetor ( C.C. Ofenloch, E., Leipzig (T) 1907 [Stuttgart 1967]. Pseudo Caecilius rhetor ( Ps.C.C. Ofenloch, E., Leipzig (T) 1907 [Stuttgart 1967], p. 206. IV/V d.C. Caelestinus papa ( Cael.P. Schwartz, E., ACO 1, p. 83; 7, p. 131: Ep.CP Epistulae ad Constantinopolitanos 1, p. 75: Ep.Cyr Epistula ad Cyrillum 7, p. 125: Ep.Episc Epistula ad episcopos 7, p. 142: Ep.Flau Epistula ad Fauianum 1, p. 90: Ep.Io.Ant Epistula ad Iohannem Antiochenum 1, p. 77: Ep.Nest Epistula ad Nestorium 3, p. 55: Ep.Syn Epistula ad synodum Ephesinam 7, p. 129: Ep.Thds Epistula ad Theodosium V d.C. Caelius Aurelianus medicus ( Cael.Aur. Supl. Bendz, G., CML CP Celeres passiones TP Tardae passiones (lib. 1-2). Drabkin, I.E. y M.F., Baltimore 1951. Gyn Gynaecia Drabkin, I.E., On Acute Diseases and on Chronic diseases , Chicago 1950. TP Tardae passiones (lib. 3-5). a. Plu. Caemaro historicus ( Caem.

89. Index Of Ancient Greek Mathematicians And Astronomers Developed the theory of proportions and the method of exhaustion. callippus(Cyzicus, 370300 BC). Greek astronomer, student of Eudoxus. http://www.ics.forth.gr/~vsiris/ancient_greeks/classical_period.html

Classical period (5th - 4th century B.C.) Within this period Athens flourishes under Pericles, the Parthenon is built on the Acropolis, the tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides are created, the phisolophical schools of Socrates and Plato (known as Academy) are established, and the Lyceum of Athens is founded by Aristotle. In science, the importance of the experimental method is accepted. Philosophers-Scientists Socrates (Athens, 470-399 B.C.). Died from poison after the state found him guilty for corrupting the youth. Theodorus of Cyrene (4th century B.C.). . Pythagorean. Plato's teacher in mathematics. Shows that the square roots of 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, and 17 are irrational. Archytas of Tarentum (420-350 B.C.). Greek mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Last of the Pythagorians. Plato and Eudoxus was his pupils. Built a series of toys, among them a mechanical pigeon propelled by a steam jet. Developed the theory for the pulley. Plato (Athens, 430-350 B.C.) . Greek philosopher. He was the founder of the Academy (named from the hero Academos owner of the grove where the Academy was built). Believed that mathematics played an important role in education. Disregarded practicality, a belief he passed to his students such as Eucledes. He started a three part trilogy :

90. Index Of Ancient Greek Scientists steam jet. Developed the theory for the pulley. callippus (Cyzicus,370300 BC). Greek astronomer, student of Eudoxus. Showed that http://www.ics.forth.gr/~vsiris/ancient_greeks/whole_list.html

not complete Agatharchos. Greek mathematician. Discovered the laws of perspectives. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (480-430 B.C.). Greek philosopher. Believed that a large number of seeds make up the properties of materials, that heavenly bodies are made up of the same materials as Earth and that the sun is a large, hot, glowing rock. Discovered that the moon reflected light and formulated the correct theory for the eclipses. Erroneously believed that the Earth was flat. Links: Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, MIT Anaximander (610-545 B.C.). Greek astronomer and philosopher, pupil of Thales. Introduced the apeiron (infinity). Formulated a theory of origin and evolution of life, according to which life originated in the sea from the moist element which evaporated from the sun ( On Nature ). Was the first to model the Earth according to scientific principles. According to him, the Earth was a cylinder with a north-south curvature, suspended freely in space, and the stars where attached to a sphere that rotated around Earth. Links: Anaximander, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

91. 130 (365 BC 300 BC) Euclid, (420 - 480) Domninus, (1500-1557) Tartaglia.(370 BC - 310 BC) callippus, (430 - 501) Tsu, (1501-1576) Cardan. http://www.sanalhoca.com/matematik/matematikci1.htm

sanal hoca Ana Sayfa Kimya Matematik Fizik ... E-Posta ( 130 - 190 ) Theon of Smyrna (1013-1054) Hermann of R. (1364-1436) Qadi Zada ( 130 BC - 70 BC ) Geminus (1019-1066) Sripati (1390-1450) al'Kashi ( 150 BC - 70 BC ) Zeno of Sidon (1031-1095) Shen (1393-1449) Ulugh Beg ( 200 - 284 ) Diophantus (1048-1122) Khayyam (1401-1464) Cusa ( 240 - 300 ) Sporus (1070-1130) Abraham (1404-1472) Alberti ( 290 – 350 ) Pappus (1075-1160) Adelard (1412-1486) Qalasadi ( 300 – 360) Serenus (1092-1167) Ezra (1412-1492) Francesca ( 335 - 395 ) Theon (1114-1185) Bhaskara (1423-1461) Peurbach ( 370 - 415 ) Hypatia (1114-1187) Gherard (1424-1484) Borgi ( 60 AD - 120AD ) Nicomachus (1168-1253) Grosseteste (1436-1476) Regiomontanus ( 65 AD - 125AD ) Heron (1170-1250) Fibonacci (1445-1500) Chuquet ( 70 AD - 130AD ) Menelaus (1195-1256) Sacrobosco (1445-1517) Pacioli ( 78 AD - 139AD ) Heng (1200-1280) Albertus (1452-1519) Leonardo ( 85 AD - 165AD ) Ptolemy (1201-1274) Tusi (1462-1498) Widman (160 BC - 100 BC) Theodosius (1202-1261) Ch'in (1465-1526) Ferro (1680BC-1620BC) Ahmes (1219-1292) Bacon

92. St.Nicholas-myra a stoa attached to a temple; but all that is seen now are a few blocks built intoa late wall and a fragment of aninscription bearing the name of callippus. http://www.st.nicholas-myra.org/simena.htm

Turkish SÝMENA Halý Pazarý /SÝMENA Kale Köyü eski Simena antik kenti üzerine kurulmuþtur. Burada eski tarih ve bugünkü yaþam iç içedir. Tepedeki kalesi etrafa ve deniz içindeki lahitleriyle dikkati çeken Kale Köyü’nde, lokanta ve cafeler de vardýr. Bulunan yazýtlardan kentin tarihini M.Ö.4. yüzyýla kadar indirebiliyoruz. Deniz kenarýndaki lahdin yanýndaki iskeleden karaya çýkýp, evler arasýndan týrmanýrsak, yukarýda Simena’nýn kalesine varýrýz. Bu kale orta Çað da kullanýlmýþtýr. Ortaçað surlarýnýn oluþturduðu iç kalede, kalýntýlarý birkaç bloktan ibaret olan bir tapýnak ile bu tapýnakla irtibatlý bir Stoa’da yer almýþtýr. Ayrýca yine kale içinde, doðal kayaya oyulmuþ yedi oturma sýrasý ile 300 kiþilik bir tiyatro yer alýr ki bu, Lycia þehirleri içinde en küçük tiyatrodur. Kaya mezarýnýn üzerinde, düzgün bloklardan oluþan Roma devri duvarý ve onun üzerinde de mazgallarý ile geç devir suru vardýr. Burada ayný anda 3 ayrý devir görmek mümkündür. Kýyýda, harap durumdaki hamamýn kitabesinde "“perlai halký ve meclisi ile birliðin diðer þehirleri tarafýndan imparator Titus’a armaðan edilmiþtir” ibaresi bulunur. Ýkisi ev tipi mezar olmak üzere burada bir çok mezar görülmektedir. Kulenin kuzeyinde kalan ev tipi mezarda Lycia dilinde yazýt dikkati çeker. Kale’den Üçaðýz’a bakýldýðýnda, buranýn ne kadar emniyetli bir doðal liman olduðu görülür

93. Greek/Roman Astronomers callippus (370310 BC) - Greek astronomer and student of Eudoxus who improved uponhis theory by adding 8 more spheres to the universe, leading to a total of 34 http://www.pa.msu.edu/people/horvatin/Astronomers/astronomersgreek.htm

Anaxagoras (c. 500-428 B.C.) - Greek philosopher/scientist. He was the first to clearly state that the moon shines by reflected light and lunar eclipses occur when the earth blocks the sunlight. Anaximander (611-546 BC) - Greek philosopher/scientist believed that a cylindrical earth floated free in space, and the sun, moon, and stars are hollow, fiery wheels. Anaximenes (570-500 BC) - the first Greek philosopher to clearly distinguish the differences between stars and planets. Archimedes (287-212 BC) - Greek scientist whose astronomical influence includes an attempt to calculate the size of the universe by using the studies of Aristarchus. In his work The Sand-Reckoner he estimates the size of the universe to be 100 million Earth-diameters. Aristarchus (c. 310-230 BC) - Greek astronomer who was the first to propose the heliocentric theory, that the earth and other planets orbited the sun. Aristotle (384-322 BC) - Greek philosopher who wrote about many subjects. In astronomy he agreed with the views of Plato and Eudoxas, but increased the number of spheres surrounding the earth to 54. He also believed that the world was round. His views on science and logic became preeminent in Europe during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

94. THE COMMENTARIOLUS callippus and Eudoxus, who endeavored to solve the problem by the use of concentricspheres, were unable to account for all the planetary movements; they had http://www2.centenary.edu/forbidden/copern1.htm

THE COMMENTARIOLUS NICHOLAS COPERNICUS' SKETCH OF HIS HYPOTHESES FOR THE HEAVENLY MOTIONS Our ancestors assumed, I observe, a large number of celestial spheres for this reason especially, to explain the apparent motion of the planets by the principle of regularity. For they thought it altogether absurd that a heavenly body, which is a perfect sphere, should not always move uniformly. They saw that by connecting and combining regular motions in various ways they could make any body appear to move to any position. Callippus and Eudoxus, who endeavored to solve the problem by the use of concentric spheres, were unable to account for all the planetary movements; they had to explain not merely the apparent revolutions of the planets but also the fact that these bodies appear to us sometimes to mount higher in the heavens, sometimes to descend; and this fact is incompatible with the principle of concentricity. Therefore it seemed better to employ eccentrics and epicycles, a system which most scholars finally accepted. Yet the planetary theories of Ptolemy and most other astronomers, although consistent with the numerical data, seemed likewise to present no small difficulty. For these theories were not adequate unless certain equants were also conceived; it then appeared that a planet moved with uniform velocity neither on its deferent nor about the center of its epicycle. Hence a system of this sort seemed neither sufficiently absolute nor sufficiently pleasing to the mind.

95. Century Man: The Father Salamis Story - Sidebar: The Olympics the 98th Olympiad. callippus of Athens bought off his competitorsin the pentathlon during the 112th festival. Two Egyptian boxers http://www.whitepinepictures.com/seeds/iii/31/sidebar.html

The Olympics Today, millions are spent, thousands compete and billions watch the modern Olympic games. The 2000 Olympics will be held in Sydney, Australia. The 2004 Olympics will be held in Athens, Greece. Athletes have been preparing for years to compete in the Olympics, knowing that it could well be the highlight of a life time. The modern Olympic games are rooted in Ancient Greece. These games took place in Athens, where the Free men of each village competed against each other. The athletes , who were all men, competed not in the light weight fabric of the modern athlete, but in the nude. The idea of the games was to have the athletes compete not for money but for glory and a crown of olives. Much to the disbelief of some in attendance: ‘When the Persian military officer Tigranes "heard that the prize was not money but a crown [of olive], he could not hold his peace, but cried, "Good heavens, Mardonius, what kind of men are these that you have pitted us against? It is not for money they contend but for glory of achievement!"'

96. Ê×ÆÚ½²Ï¯Ìá¸Ù The summary for this Chinese (Simplified) page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://www.ihns.ac.cn/zhkezh/summary.htm

Introduction Geoffrey Lloyd ½ÌÊÚ½éÉÜ Summary Ö÷½²£ºSir Geoffrey Lloyd ÎÒǽ«Ê×ÏÈÌÖÂÛÖйúºÍÏ£À°ÌìÎÄѧ¼Ò¶ÔÈý´óÌìÎÄÎÊÌâµÄ²»Í¬´¦Àí£ºÀú·¨¡¢ÈÕÔÂÊ´¡¢ÐÐÐÇÔ˶¯ºÍ²»¹æÔòÏÖÏó¡£½²ÑÝÖÐÉæ¼°µÄÏ£À°ÌìÎÄѧ¼Ò°üÀ¨£ºMeton¡¢ Euctemon¡¢Philolaus¡¢Eudoxus¡¢Callippus¡¢Aristachus¡¢Appolonius¡¢Hipparchus¡¢ºÍPtolemy¡£Ëæºó£¬ÎÒǽ«×ªÏòÖйúºÍÏ£À°ÌìÎÄѧÑо¿»ú¹¹·½æµÄÒìͬ£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËùν½¨ÖÆ»¯µÄ±È½ÏÑо¿¡£×îºó£¬Ñݽ²½«»Ø´ðÖйúºÍÏ£À°ÌìÎÄѧ¼ÒÔÚÄ¿±êÉϵIJîÒ죺¶ÔÖйúÌìÎÄѧ¼ÒÀ´½²£¬Öƶ¨¾«È·µÄÀú·¨ºÍÔ¤²âÒì³£ÏÖÏóÊÇËûŵÄÊ×ÒªÈÎÎñ£»¶øÏ£À°ÌìÎÄѧ¼ÒµÄÊ×ҪĿ±êÊǽÒʾÌìÌåÔËÐеĹæÔòÐÔ£¬ÕâÊÇͨ¹ý¹¹Ô켸ºÎÄ£ÐÍÒÔ½âÊͱí¹ÛµÄ²»¹æÔòÐÔÀ´Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ µ«ÖйúÓëÏ£À°£­ÂÞÂí´æÔÚÁ½´ó²îÒ죺£¨1£©Ï£À°ÈË×ÜÊÇÊÔͼ°ÑÎÊÌ⼸ºÎ»¯£¬¶øÖйúÈËËƺõ¸üÈÈÐÄÓÚÈÉ豸ΪËûÇËùÓ£¨¶ø²»ÊÇÖ±½ÓÕÆÎÕÕâЩÉ豸£©£»£¨2£©Öйú»ÊµÛ¼ÈÈ»ÏòÌìϲÔÉú¸ºÔ𣬸üÀÖÓÚ²ÉÄɾßÓÐDZÔÚ¹¦ÓµÄ¹ÛÄ¶øÏ£À°£­ÂÞÂíÊÀ½çµÄͳÖÎÕßÖÐÖ»Óм«¸ö±ðµÄÈ˲ŹØ×¢Íƶ¯¼¼Êõ·¢Õ¹¡£ ±¾½²Ìáµ½µÄÏ£À°£­ÂÞÂí¹¤³ÌʦºÍ¼¼ÊõÁìÓòµÄÖø×÷¼Ò°üÀ¨£ºChersiphron, Metagenes, Eupalinus, Ctesibius, Archimides, Philo of Byzantium, Asclepiodotus, Hero of Alexandria, Polyaenus, Pappus; Cato, Varro, Nitruvius, Columella, Frontinus, Vegetius, Palladius¡£ Ï£À°µÄÕùÂÛ£ºÔÚÏ£À°¹ØÓÚ¼²²¡ºÍÈËÌå¹¹³ÉÓдóÁ¿Ï໥¾ºÕùµÄÀíÂÛ£¬¼²²¡µ½µ×ÊÇÓÉʲ´ÒýÆðµÄ£¬ÌåÒº¡¢ÔªËØ¡¢ØÑ·¦»òÈßÓࣿ´Óδ´ï³É¹²Ê¶¡£µ«ÔÚÇ°ÎåÊÀ¼ÍÈËÇÒ»ÖÂÅ×ÆúÁËÉñµÄ½éÈ롣ǰËÄÊÀ¼Í£¬¹ØÓÚÊÇ·ñÓ¦¸´ÓÊÂÈËÌåºÍ¶¯Îï½âÆʲúÉúÁË´óÁ¿µÄÕùÂÛ¡£ÎÒÇÒªÒýÓCelsusºÍGalen¶Ô½âÆʵĿ´·¨¡£ ÔÚÏ£À°£¬¡°ÀúÊ·¡±°üÀ¨ÎÒÇËù³ÆµÄµØÀíºÍÀúÊ·Á½¸öÁìÓò¡£×îÔçµÄÁ½Î»¡°Àúʷѧ¼Ò¡±£¬HecataeusºÍHerodotus¶¼¶Ô¡°µØÀí¡±ÓÐןÜÇ¿µÄÐËȤ¡£ÔÚÏ£À°È˵ĵØÀí¹ÛÄîÖУ¬¡°ÑÇÖÞ¡±ºÍÅ·ÖÞÒ»°ã´óС£¬·ÇÖÞºÍÅ·ÖÞÊǶԳƵġ£Ï£À°ÈËÒ²°ÑÆøºòºÍµØÀíλÖÓëÐÔ¸ñÌØÕ÷ÁªÏµÆðÀ´£¬Ò²ÈÏΪңԶµÄµØÓò¾Óס׏ÖÒìµÄÉúÎï¡£ÔçÆÚÏ£À°µÄÀúÊ·/µØÀíÖø×÷´øÓÐÂÛ±çµÄ·ç¸ñ£¬Ï£ÂÞ¶àµÂÅúÅÐHecataeus£¬ÐÞÎôµ×µÂÅúÅÐÏ£ÂÞ¶àµÂ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÅúÅÐÖУ¬ÈËÇÇø±ðÁËÉñ»°ÓëÕæʵ¡¢ºÏÀíÓëÐé¹¹¡£Ïñ˾ÂíǨһÑù£¬Ï£ÂÞ¶àµÂºÍÐÞÎôµ×µÂµÄÄ¿±ê²»½öÊǼǼÏÂÀúʷʼþ£¬¶øÇÒÊÔͼÀûÓÀúÊ·À´½Ì»¯ñÖÚ¡£

97. TOC & Excerpt, Bers: Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59 http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exberdem.html

5 1/2 x 8 1/2 in., 224 pp. ISBN 0-292-70921-8 $45.00, hardcover ISBN 0-292-70922-6 $22.95, paperback Demosthenes, Speeches 50-59 Translated by Victor Bers Table of Contents Series Editor's Preface (Michael Gagarin) Translator's Preface (Victor Bers) Series Introduction (Michael Gagarin) Oratory in Classical Athens The Orators The Works of the Orators Government and Law in Classical Athens The Translation of Greek Oratory Abbreviations Note on Currency Bibliography of Works Cited DEMOSTHENES Introduction to Demosthenes (Michael Gagarin) Life Works Style Significance Supplementary Bibliography Introduction to This Volume (Victor Bers) Apollodorus Text 50. Against Polycles 51. On the Trierarchic Crown 52. Against Callippus 53. Against Nicostratus 54. Against Conon 55. Against Callicles 56. Against Dionysodorus 57. Against Eubulides 58. Against Theocrines 59. Against Neaera Index Return to book description Introduction To This Volume By Victor Bers Although this volume of The Oratory of Classical Greece bears the title Demosthenes I, Speeches 50-59

98. Athletes At Olympia http://www.utexas.edu/courses/classicalarch/readings/athletes.html

Pausanias's descritpion of votives dedicated by athletes, statues paid for from fines imposed on dishonest athletes, statues of Zeus As memorials of Apollonia have we been dedicated, which on the Ionian sea Phoebus founded, he of the unshorn locks. The Apollonians, after taking the land of Abantis, set up here These images with heaven's help, tithe from Thronium. The Cleitorians dedicated this image to the god, a tithe From many cities that they had reduced by force. The sculptors were Aristo and Telestas, Own brothers and Laconians.1 I do not think that these Laconians were famous all over Greece, for had they been so the Eleans would have had something to say about them, and the Lacedaemonians more still, seeing that they were their fellow-citizens. Accept, king, son of Cronus, Olympian Zeus, a lovely image, And have a heart propitious to the Lacedaemonians. He spake, and cut the boar's throat with ruthless bronze; And the boar Talthybius swung and cast into the great depth Of the grey sea, to feed the fishes. Such was the ancient custom. Before the feet of the Oath-god is a bronze plate, with elegiac verses inscribed upon it, the object of which is to strike fear into those who forswear themselves.

99. Demosthenes Texts Search in this topic. with NS Gill Your Guide to one ofhundreds of sites, http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_text_demosthenes.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Demosthenes Texts Related Resources Texts and Translations Index Demosthenes 22, Against Androtion Demosthenes 33, Against Apatourius Demosthenes 27, Against Aphobus 1 ... Demosthenes 11, Reply To Philip Recent Discussions Ancient/Classical History Join these forum conversations The most innovative and influential? The Reluctant Emperor—Tiberius power of the pen: Alexander Start a chat now! Subscribe to the Ancient/Classical History Newsletter Name Email Email this page!

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