41. Ludwig Boltzmann Translate this page Desta parceria resultou a demonstração da lei empírica chamada lei de Stefan-boltzmann,segundo a qual um corpo negro, definido como aquele capaz de http://members.tripod.com/alkimia/biografias/boltzmann.htm

Físico e professor austríaco nascido em Viena, histórico por ter desenvolvido a teoria cinética de gases . Após doutorar-se em ciências físicas na Universidade de Viena (1866), tornou-se professor de física teórica em Graz, depois de ter sido assistente do físico esloveno Josef Stefan (1835-1893) . Desta parceria resultou a demonstração da lei empírica chamada lei de Stefan-Boltzmann , segundo a qual um corpo negro, definido como aquele capaz de absorver a totalidade das radiações que incidem sobre ele, possui poder emissivo proporcional à quarta potência de sua temperatura e calculou a velocidade das moléculas (1869). Ainda lecionou matemática e física em diversas universidades, como as de Graz e Viena, na Áustria, e de Leipzig, na Alemanha. Morou em Munique (1891-1895) para a seguir voltar a Viena (1895). É considerado o grande gênio da teoria cinética dos gases, onde originalmente utilizou os princípios da mecânica para explicar os fenômenos da termodinâmica. Foi o fundador da Mecânica Estatística e o sistematizou do conceito de Entropia , tendência natural da energia a se dispersar e da ordem evoluir invariavelmente para a desordem, explicando o desequilíbrio natural entre trabalho e calor. Estabeleceu as relações entre entropia e probabilidade no campo das radiações.

42. Ludwig Boltzmann boltzmann Formula. A site celebrating the beautiful connection between disorder,information and diversity. ludwig.boltzmann@zentralfriedhof.wien. http://members.tripod.com/~boltzmann/

- Boltzmann - - Disorder Information Diversity Entropy The World of the Boltzmann Formula A site celebrating the beautiful connection between disorder, information and diversity. ludwig.boltzmann@zentralfriedhof.wien - Boltzmann - - Disorder Information Diversity Entropy

43. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute For Addiction Research History Profile is a contract between the AntonProksch-Institute, the largest Austrian treatmentcentre for alcoholics and drug addicts and the ludwig boltzmann Society for http://www.api.or.at/lbi/history.htm

Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Addiction Research at the Anton-Proksch-Institut, Mackgasse 7-11, A-1237 Vienna, phone: +43 1 88010 fax: +43 1 88010 956 Geschichte History/Profile MitarbeiterInnen/ Kontakt Staff/ Contact ... Downloads (PDF- Format) History and Profile of the Institute The institute has been founded in 1972. Its legal foundation is a contract between the Anton-Proksch-Institute, the largest Austrian treatment centre for alcoholics and drug addicts and the Ludwig Boltzmann Society for the promotion of the sciences, a semi-public non-profit institution for the promotion of the sciences in Austria. The institute works on a multidisciplinary basis. The scientific staff consists of medical doctors, psychologists and sociologists. It is financed by a subsidy from the Ludwig-Boltzmann-Society, the Austrian Federal Ministry of Work, Health and Social Affairs and through contracts for research projects. The Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute is one of 129 research institutes belonging to the Ludwig-Boltzmann Society. The research of the institute focuses on alcohol and illicit drugs. The main research areas are: epidemiology, alcohol- and drug-related problems, alcohol and drug policy, social history, research on treatment and prevention, evaluation of prevention as well as methodological issues.

44. Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut Für Kriegsfolgen-Forschung (BIK) Translate this page ludwig boltzmann-Institut für Kriegsfolgen-Forschung (BIK) Graz-Wien-Klagenfurtein Institut der ludwig boltzmann Gesellschaft. Leiter Univ.-Prof. http://www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/bik-graz/main.htm

Kriegsfolgen-Forschung (BIK) Graz-Wien-Klagenfurt ein Institut der Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft Leiter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Stefan Karner Fax: 0316/82 25 00-33 e-mail: bik-graz@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at e-mail: bik-wien@gmx.at : A-9020 Klagenfurt, Neunergasse 9, Telefon: 0463/328281, Fax: 0463/328281-15 Vier Bereiche des Instituts Forschung: Aktuelle und abgeschlossene Projekte. Datensicherung: Forschungsvermittlung: Service: Aktuelles Internationale Konferenz: Spurensuche: Ostgalizien (Ukraine): 24.-31.5.2003 Zur Entwicklung des Instituts Das Institut hat mit zahlreichen wissenschaftlichen Institutionen, v. a. in Russland und den USA intensive Kontakte. Last update: 10.03.2003 Impressum bik-graz@gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at

45. Biografía - Boltzmann, Ludwig boltzmann,ludwig Nacionalidad Austria Viena 20-2-1884 - Duino, Trieste 5-9-1906. http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/personajes/7819.htm

FICHA Nacionalidad: Austria Viena 20-2-1884 - Duino, Trieste 5-9-1906 Estudia en la Universidad de Oxford. Tras doctorarse en 1866, se dedica a impartir clases en diferentes universidades de Alemania y Austria. Su aportación a la termodinámica es fundamental, como muestran sus publicaciones. Una de ellas sostenía que la segunda ley de la termodinámica se explicaba a partir del movimiento de los átomos. Otra de sus contribuciones a la ciencia, concretamente, a la teoría cinética, fue la formulación del Teorema de Equiparación de la energía, que establecía los grados de libertad de la partícula. Junto con Josef Stefan es autor de la ley de Stefan-Boltzmann. Otro de los asuntos que abordó fue la teoría atómica , aunque sus trabajos nunca fueron aceptados ante la falta de pruebas que demostrasen la existencia de los átomos. Como dato anecdótico cabe citar que en su lápida se inscribió su ecuación: S = K LnW, que define la entropía como el grado de desorden de un sistema. Durante años fue miembro de la Academia de Ciencias de Viena. Todos los textos e imágenes en alta resolución de esta sección están disponibles en la colección La Historia y sus Protagonistas de Ediciones Dolmen, S.L.

46. ESVA: Boltzmann Mini-Exhibit ludwig boltzmann (18441906) Photo A2; portrait. CREDIT Universityof Vienna, courtesy AIP Emilio Segrè Visual Archives. It must http://www.aip.org/history/esva/exhibits/boltz.htm

AIP HOME PAGE Online Journal Publishing Service AIP Journals Publishing Services Science Policy History Center Working at AIP Site Index Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) "It must be splendid to command millions of people in great national ventures, to lead a hundred thousand to victory in battle. But it seems to me greater still to discover fundamental truths in a very modest room with very modest means-truths that will still be foundations of human knowledge when the memory of these battles is painstakingly preserved only in the archives of the historian." Ludwig Boltzmann Click Here to Search for More Ludwig Boltzman Photos Next: Marie Curie Search Collection Fees ... Seasonal Notecards Email: photos@aip.org Phone: 301-209-3165 Click on Logo to Return to AIP Home Page American Institute of Physics One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3843 Email: aipinfo@aip.org Phone: 301-209-3100; Fax: 301-209-0843

47. Ludwig Boltzmann Translate this page boltzmann, ludwig (20.2.1844 - 5.9.1906). Lexika (Printausgaben) WWW-BiographienPrint-Biographien Werk Bibliographien Lexika. boltzmann, ludwig, österr. http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/helios/fachinfo/www/math/homo-heid/boltzmann.htm

Ludwig Boltzmann Experimentelle Studien in Heidelberg Boltzmann, Ludwig (20.2.1844 - 5.9.1906) Lexika (Printausgaben) WWW-Biographien Print-Biographien Werk Bibliographien Lexika Brockhaus. - 20. Aufl. - Bd. 3 (1996), S. 536-537 Boltzmann, Ausgabe: W. STILLER: L. B. Altmeister der klass. Physik, Wegbereiter der Quantenphysik u. Evolutionstheorie (1989). Top WWW-Biographien Biographie vom St. Andrews Archiv Eric Weisstein's Scientific Biography Encyclopaedia Britannica Weitere WWW-Biographien Physiker-Anekdoten (Uni Augsburg) The Mathematics Genealogy Project Ludwig Boltzmann Mathematische Annalen [PDF] Reise eines deutschen Professors ins Eldorado Top Print-Biographien Neue Deutsche Biographie. - Berlin Bd. 2 (1971), S. 436-437 UB-Signatur: LSN A-EH 001 Dictionary of Scientific Biography. - New York Vol. 2 (1970), p. 260-268 UB-Signatur: LSN B-AE 014 Bd. 2 (1925), S. 117-137 UB-Signatur: IZA Biog C-OE 002 Broda, Engelbert: Ludwig Boltzmann : Mensch, Physiker, Philosoph. - Wien Mit Bibliographie (1. Aufl.), 1955 UB-Signatur: F 6522-1-58 2. Aufl., 1986

48. Ludwig Boltzmann Translate this page ludwig boltzmann. (* 20. Februar 1844 in Wien, + 5. September 1906in Duino bei Triest). Er studierte an der Universität Wien Physik http://www.wuerzburg.de/gym-fkg/schule/fachber/physik/lk9799/lk.13/boltzm.html

Ludwig Boltzmann (* 20. Februar 1844 in Wien, + 5. September 1906 in Duino bei Triest) (k: Boltzmann-Konstante). LK Ph 13 Fachbereich Physik Fachbereiche maerz@fkg.wuerzburg.de

49. Ludwig Boltzman ludwig boltzmann's father was a taxation official. boltzmann Articlesboltzmann, ludwig, 18441906, Physics today 45 (1992), 44-51. D http://www.shsu.edu/~icc_cmf/bio/boltzman.html

A mathematician will recognize Cauchy, Gauss, Jacobi, or Helmholtz after reading a few pages, just as musicians recognize, from the first few bars, Mozart, Beethoven or Schubert. ~ Quoted in A Koestler, The Act of Creation Born: February 20, 1844 in Vienna, Austria Died: October 5, 1906 in Duino, Austria (now Italy) Ludwig Boltzmann's father was a taxation official. Boltzmann was awarded a doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1866 for a thesis on the kinetic theory of gases supervised by Josef Stefan. After obtaining his doctorate, he became an assistant to his teacher Josef Stefan. Boltzmann taught at Graz, moved to Heidelberg and then to Berlin. In these places he studied under Bunsen, Kirchhoff and Helmholtz. In 1869 Boltzmann was appointed to a chair of theoretical physics at Graz. He held this post for four years then, in 1873, he accepted the chair of mathematics at Vienna. He did not stay very long in any place and after three years he was back in Graz, this time in the chair of experimental physics. Boltzmann, at least half jokingly, used to say that the reason he moved around so much was that he was born during the dying hours of a Mardi Gras ball. It was only half joking since he did feel that his nature made him subject to rapid swings between happiness and sadness. His personality certainly had a major impact on the direction that his career took and personal relationships, where he was always very soft-hearted, played a big part. He suffered from an alternation of depressed moods with elevated, expansive or irritable moods. Indeed his physical appearance, being short and stout with curly hair, seemed to fit his personality. His fiancée called him her "sweet fat darling".

50. Boltzmann boltzmann, ludwig. (18441906). Rakouský fyzik, zakladatel statistickémechaniky. Formuloval vztah mezi entropií a pravdepodobností http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/people/Boltzmann_Ludwig.html

Boltzmann, Ludwig Rakouský fyzik, zakladatel statistické mechaniky. Formuloval vztah mezi entropií a pravdìpodobností (entropie je úmìrná logaritmu poètu realizovatelných stavù, 1872) a zformuloval H teorém o narùstání entropie v nevratných procesech. Ekvipartièní teorém pokládal za základní rys kinetické teorie. Na konci života spáchal sebevraždu. Astrofyzika Galerie Sondy Úkazy ... Odkazy

51. Ludwig Boltzmann Institut Für Wachstumsforschung ludwig boltzmann Institut für Wachstumsforschung. ludwig boltzmannInstitutfür Wachstumsforschung Inst. f. Volkswirtschaftstheorie http://www.wu-wien.ac.at/wwwu/institute/vw9/boltz/boltz.htm

Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft Home / News Our Research Publications ... Links and Projects News Neue Publikation in Nature: Ernst Fehr and Bettina Rockenbach (2003) "Detrimental effects of sanctions on human altruism", Nature download Inst. f. Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik der WU-Wien Reithlegasse 16/1/4 A-1190 Wien Austria Tel: 0043-1-31336-5800 Fax: 0043-1-31336-5835 Leiter/Heads: Prof. Dr. Herbert Walther Prof. Dr. Ernst Fehr Sekretariat: Hilde Renner Last modified: March 11, 2003 by Urs Fischbacher.

52. Experimente - Stichwortbrowsen Translate this page Sendung Experimente Kopfball-Box Fragen Spiel ModeratorenKontakt, Experimente zum Stichwort 'boltzmann, ludwig'. Kochendes http://www.kopfball-online.de/experimente/exp_keyword.phtml?dbstichwort=Boltzman

53. Boltzmann Translate this page boltzmann, ludwig (1844-1906), físico austriaco, que colaboró en la creación delas bases para el campo de la física conocido como mecánica estadística. http://www.geocities.com/fisicaquimica99/boltzmann.htm

Boltzmann, Ludwig

54. Humanrights Translate this page ludwig boltzmann Institut für Menschenrechte Eine Initiative des ludwig boltzmannInstituts für Menschenrechte - Forschungsverein in Kooperation mit dem bm http://www.humanrights.at/

55. Ludwig Boltzmann ludwig boltzmann. ludwig boltzmann (18441906) was awarded a doctorate from Viennain 1866. After this he became an assistant to his teacher Josef Stefan. http://bohr.phys.ntnu.no/~endresen/boltzmann.html

Back to "The Physics of Life" This page is copied from " http://www.kcsnet.or.kr/education/fame/Boltzmann.html Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) was awarded a doctorate from Vienna in 1866. After this he became an assistant to his teacher Josef Stefan. He taught at Graz, moved to Heidelberg and then to Berlin. In these places he studied under Bunsen, Kirchhoff and Helmholtz. He held chairs of mathematics and physics at Vienna, Graz, Munich and Leipzig. Boltzmann worked on statistical mechanics using probability to describe how the properties of atoms determine the properties of matter. In particular his work relates to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Boltzmann also obtained the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, namely the average energy of motion of an atom is the same for each direction. He was one of the first to recognise the importance of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. His work was opposed by many European scientists, they misunderstood his ideas, not fully grasping the statistical nature of his reasoning, and Boltzmann, depressed and in bad health, committed suicide just before experiment verified his work.

56. Ludwig Boltzmann, Pioneer In Statistical Physics ludwig boltzmann, pioneer in statistical physics. boltzmann was the firstperson to set up a viable theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. http://www.mth.kcl.ac.uk/~streater/boltzmann.html

Ludwig Boltzmann, pioneer in statistical physics Boltzmann was the first person to set up a viable theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. To do this, he had to give a much more detailed description of "state". Until then, a state was described by a few parameters, such as V,P or P,T and so on. The non-equilibrium state was then taken to be described by say V(t),P(t), where t is the time. One might then change the coordinates to P(t), T(t). But this is useless, since the relation between V, T and P given by the equation of state holds only at equilibrium, and we do not know this relation if we are not in equilibrium. So the manifold of states (in formulation) has not got two dimensions at each time. In Boltzmann's theory, the state is given by a very large number of variables, and the equation of motion was also given. The macroscopic variables were given by averages of these microvariables. I modelled statistical dynamics on this idea, incorporating our present knowledge about the quantum nature of the energy levels, identical particles etc. This leads to a more realistic theory than that based on classical spherical particles, as in Boltzmann's original attempt. Go to my HOME PAGE for more links.

57. Ludwig Boltzmann Translate this page ludwig boltzmann. http://www.chemie.uni-bremen.de/stohrer/biograph/boltzman.htm

Ludwig Boltzmann

58. VEDA 13.7. MATEMATIKOVÉ V HISTORII ludwig boltzmann Jirí Svršek OHLAŠOVNA Dvavýznamní astronomové v Praze; MATEMATIKOVÉ V HISTORII ludwig boltzmann; http://pes.eunet.cz/veda/clanky/13832_0_0_0.html

NEVIDITELNÝ PES EUROPE'S ZVÍØETNÍK BYDLENÍ ... ENCYKLOPEDIE Pátek 13.7.2001 Svátek má Markéta Biologie a pøíroda Vesmír Fyzika Medicína ... Archiv vydání Nadpis Autor Text èlánku Alena Marešová Neviditelný pes již pøed èasem uveøejnil dotazník paní doktorky Marešové z Institutu pro kriminologii a sociální prevenci v Praze, týkající se extremismu. Nyní vás znovu prosí o pomoc. Institut pro kriminologii a sociální prevenci se t.è. zabývá trestnou èinností policistù - jejími pøíèinami, nezbytnými podmínkami její existence a možnostmi její redukce. Dílèím úkolem je zjištìní, jak v souèasnosti policii a policisty vnímá veøejnost a odborná veøejnost. Ze zkušených pracovníkù justice a policie byl vytvoøen soubor expertù, jejichž názory budou zpracovány a interpretovány zvl᚝ .Vzhledem k vynikajícím zkušenostem ze sbìru názorù prostøednictvím dotazníkù pøedložených internetové èásti veøejnosti, také v tomto pøípadì jsem zpracovala krátký dotazník a prosím uživatele internetu o jeho vyplnìní. Pro zájemce uvádím program 43. semináøe Spoleènosti pro talent a nadání - ECHA:

59. Boltzmann boltzmann, ludwig Eduard (szül. 1844. febr. 20. Bécs megh. 1906.szept. 5. Duino, Olaszország), fizikus, legnagyobb eredményeit http://www.kfki.hu/~cheminfo/hun/olvaso/bh/bh5/boltzmann.html

60. A ENTROPIA - As Atribulações De Ludwig Boltzmann - Tintim Por Tintim #9-6 Translate this page ), As atribulações de ludwig boltzmann. No túmulo de ludwig Mas, ludwigboltzmann era um cara depressivo. Por causa das desavenças http://www.fisica.ufc.br/entropia/entropia6.htm

Parte da capa do "Diálogo sobre os Sistemas do Mundo", de Galileu Galilei, 1632. ) As atribulações de Ludwig Boltzmann No túmulo de Ludwig Boltzmann, no Cemitério Central de Viena, pode-se ver a imagem do criador da Física Estatística e, acima dela, sua mais famosa equação: S = k log W. O curioso é que Boltzmann nunca escreveu essa equação. Ela apareceu, pela primeira vez, no livro Teoria do Calor , de Max Planck, publicado em 1906, ano da morte de Boltzmann. Até a constante k , hoje chamada de constante de Boltzmann , foi introduzida na literatura por Planck. Mas, isso não tem nenhuma importância, pois Boltzmann foi o primeiro e o mais ativo defensor da idéia de explicar os fenômenos macroscópicos (pressão, temperatura etc) através de interações entre átomos e moléculas em constante movimento. Hoje, qualquer criança de jardim da infância sabe o que é um átomo e aceita, com naturalidade, sua existência. No final do século 19, porém, muitos físicos e químicos de renome não aceitavam a idéia de que a matéria é descontínua. As opinões de Boltzmann foram contestadas com veemência por Ernest Mach e Wilhelm Ostwald e as desavenças, em certos momentos, saíram da arena puramente científica, entrando na disputa pessoal. Túmulo de Bolzmann em Viena Fotografado por Constantino Tsallis No entanto, Boltzmann não estava só, nessa disputa. Alguns dos maiores sábios da Europa e dos Estados Unidos sempre o apoiaram. Inúmeras honrarias e títulos lhe foram concedidos pelas mais conceituadas universidades. O próprio Max Planck, um de seus maiores fãs, escreveu, em 1904:

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